福定碱的抗胆碱酷酶作用

福定碱对人真性胆碱酯酶(ChE)的抑制是假性ChE的55386倍,对假性ChE的作用有显著的种属差异,它对真性ChE的抑制强度由强至弱是人、狗、家兔、猫、大鼠和小鼠;对假性ChE的作用强度依次是家兔、大鼠、狗、猫、小鼠和人。体内给药对脑和血液ChE都有明显的抑制作用,抑制ChE的活力可自动恢复,但所需时间较长。     

头痛冲剂的药理作用研究

头痛冲剂由白芷、川芎、葛根等多种中药配伍,经提取加工制成。灌胃给药可明显抑制小鼠自主活动,提高痛阈;十二指肠给药明显增加麻醉猫脑血流量,降低脑血管阻力和降压作用,强度与头痛片相似。     

猫豆胍抗炎镇痛作用的研究

目的研究猫豆中的单体成分猫豆胍(MDG)的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法和角叉菜胶致小鼠足趾肿胀法观察抗炎作用;采用小鼠热板法和扭体法观察镇痛作用。结果 MDG低、中剂量(50,100 mg/kg)对二甲苯和角叉菜胶所致的急性炎症反应具有良好的抑制作用,而高剂量(200 mg/kg)的抑制作用不显著。MDG中、高剂量(100,200 mg/kg)能抑制热板和醋酸刺激诱发的疼痛反应,但镇痛作用较弱,且无剂量依赖性。结论猫豆胍对小鼠具有一定的抗炎镇痛作用,但其作用无明显量效关系。     

“恐伤肾”的实验研究

本实验采用了“猫吓鼠”、“人吓猫”及“爆竹吓狗”等3种不同类型的动物模型,观察了惊恐对小白鼠、猫及狗的睾丸、脑垂体、肾上腺皮质等内分泌腺和部分脏器的影响。结果表明,本实验恐伤肾组小白鼠、猫及狗的睾丸和脑垂体等组织在形态上均有不同程度的损伤。电镜观察证实,小白鼠的睾丸精子成熟过程受阻,脑垂体促性腺激素细胞等均有胞浆内细胞器变性、坏死,细胞核固缩、核溶、坏死等表现。恐伤肾在病理形态上的改变主要在垂体—性腺轴。     

动物咬你没商量

被狗、猫咬伤了怎么办 狗、猫的口腔往往带有很多细菌,如果被它们咬伤,即使是小伤口也容易因病菌污染而化脓,所以一旦被咬伤后应立即进行正确处理。狗、猫咬伤后,为防止病毒和细菌深人人体,必须在1小时内作清创处理,以减少发病的机会。     

猫人参有效部位对小鼠移植性肿瘤H22的抑制作用及机制探讨

目的:研究猫人参抗肿瘤活性部位(MA,MB)对小鼠皮下移植性肿瘤H22的生长抑制作用,并对其作用机制进行初步的探讨。方法:利用小鼠皮下移植性肿瘤模型观察猫人参中提取的2个有效部位MA,MB的体内抗肿瘤作用,并运用流式细胞术和末端脱氧核苷转移酶介导的d-UTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL法)检测它们对肿瘤细胞周期的影响及诱导凋亡作用。结果:MA,MB高、中、低3个剂量组对小鼠移植性肿瘤都具有抑制作用,使肿瘤细胞阻滞于G₀-G₁期而使S期细胞减少,并有诱导细胞凋亡的作用。结论:猫人参有效部位MA,MB能够抑制小鼠移植性肿瘤的生长,其机制可能与影响细胞周期及诱导凋亡有关。     

脑卒中后吞咽障碍针灸治疗概况

吞咽障碍是脑卒中常见并发症,其主要原因包括真性球麻痹和假性球麻痹,该病随着脑卒中发病率的逐年升高而递增,严重影响患者的生存质量.对脑卒中后真性球麻痹或假性球麻痹致吞咽障碍的诊断及针灸治疗等方面进行了综述.     

王晓燕教授治疗眩晕临床经验探析

王晓燕教授认为,眩晕包括真性眩晕和假性眩晕,真性眩晕属中医学风证范畴;假性眩晕属中医学内伤杂病范畴;部分介于真性眩晕和假性眩晕之间的症状,属内伤杂病后化风的情况。临床上将眩晕分为肝郁痰浊水饮上干清窍证、太阳经表内外合邪证、上盛下虚证、上气不足证进行辨证论治,疗效显著。     

针刺治疗中风慢性期中重度吞咽障碍机理探讨

目的：探讨针刺风府、人迎、廉泉、百劳治疗中风吞咽障碍的机理。方法：测定针刺前、后５分钟和疗前、疗后的吞咽相关肌肉肌电图和脑干诱发电位。结果：真性球麻痹患者疗后环甲肌振幅、时限及舌肌时限较疗前降低。假性球麻痹患者疗前、疗后各项指标变化差异无显著意义。结论：对于假性球麻痹吞咽障碍，针刺主要是调节皮质和脑干网状结构当中的吞咽中枢对于吞咽反射的控制作用，协调吞咽诸肌的运动；而对于真性球麻痹障碍，针刺的作用主要是直接促使损伤的周围神经恢复，从而起到治疗效应。     

单叶蔓荆子、蔓荆子、黄荆子和牡荆子的药理活性比较

单叶蔓荆子、蔓荆子、黄荆子和牡荆子水提液１２ｇ（生药量）／ｋｇｉｇ，对２、４－二硝基酚所致大鼠发热的解热作用强度是蔓荆子＞单叶蔓荆子＞黄荆子＞牡荆子。８ｇ／ｋｇｉｇ对热板所致小鼠疼痛反应的抑制强度是黄荆子＞单叶蔓荆子＞蔓荆子＞牡荆子；对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应的抑制强度是单叶蔓荆子＞黄荆子＞蔓荆子＞牡荆子；对小鼠阈下催眠剂量戊巴比妥钠的促进睡眠作用强度是黄荆子＞单叶蔓荆子＞牡荆子＞蔓荆子。     

甲基莲心碱对有机磷酸酯抑制的小鼠脑胆碱酯酶的重活化作用

目的　研究甲基莲心碱 (Nef)对有机磷酸酯中毒小鼠脑胆碱酯酶 (Ch E)的重活化效应。方法　采用微量二巯基双硝基苯甲酸 (DTNB)法测定敌敌畏 (DDVP)体内、体外抑制小鼠脑 Ch E活力 ,观察 0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 3mg/LDDVP在体外对小鼠脑 Ch E活力的抑制作用 ,比较 Nef和氯磷定体内、体外给药对 DDVP中毒小鼠脑 Ch E的重活化效应。结果　不同浓度的 DDVP显著地抑制试管内小鼠脑 Ch E活力 ,呈现明确的量效关系 ,IC50 为 0 .0 0 3m g/L。 Nef (2 .4 ,4 .8m g/L )与氯磷定 (5 ,12 .5 mg/L )对 0 .0 2 m g/L DDVP体外抑制的小鼠脑 Ch E重活化效应随着浓度增高而加大。对 sc DDVP(10 mg/kg)的小鼠分别 ip Nef或氯磷定 ,其脑 Ch E活率分别为 (4 1.6± 10 .9) %、(5 6 .5± 12 .4 ) % (Nef 15 ,30 mg/kg)和 (2 4 .1± 17.4 ) %、(2 8.4± 11.9) % (氯磷定 2 5 ,5 0 m g/kg) ,两者相比差异显著 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 Nef比氯磷定有更为显著的重活化 Ch E的作用 ,这与 Nef能进入中枢复活脑中毒酶有关。     

Pharmacological analysis of the inhibitory effect of jatrophone,a diterpene isolated from Jatropha elliptica,on smooth and cardiac muscles

The present work was conducted to analyse the effect of the diterpene jatrophone on drug and electrically evoked contractions of cardiac and smooth muscle preparations. Pre-incubation of the isolated rat uterus with jatrophone (1–100 μM ), for 20 min caused a decrease in the maximal contractions and a rightward displacement of the dose-response curves to acetylcholine, bradykinin, and oxytocin. In the isolated longitudinal muscle from guinea-pig ileum, jatrophone (1.6–12.8 μM ) produced a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of acetylcholine, bradykinin and histamine-induced contractions. In this tissue, jatrophone was about 5 to 8-fold more potent in inhibiting acetylcholine and bradykinin than in uterine muscle. In strips of guinea-pig ileum, guinea-pig urinary bladder, rat left atrium electrically stimulated, and dog ureter contractions, jatrophone (1–100 μM ) caused a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect. In preparations electrically stimulated, jatrophone was about 2.5 to 23-fold less potent compared to those values obtained against agonist-induced contractions in the guinea-pig ileum. These results demonstrate that jatrophone exerts direct inhibitory effect on cardiac and smooth muscle preparations and show that its inhibitory potency may vary according to the tissue and/or stimulus employed to induce muscle contractions.     

Tabernaemontana divaricata extract inhibits neuronal acetylcholinesterase activity in rats

The current pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-Is). A previous in vitro study showed that Tabernaemontana divaricata extract (TDE) can inhibit AChE activity. However, neither the AChE inhibitory effects nor the effect on neuronal activity of TDE has been investigated in vivo. To determine those effects of TDE in animal models, the Ellman's colorimetric method was implemented to investigate the cortical and circulating cholinesterase (ChE) activity, and Fos expression was used to determine the neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex, following acute administration of TDE with various doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) and at different time points. All doses of TDE 2 h after a single administration significantly inhibited cortical AChE activity and enhanced neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex. The enhancement of Fos expression and AChE inhibitory effects in the cerebral cortex among the three TDE-treated groups was not significantly different. A 2 h interval following all doses of TDE administration had no effect on circulating ChE activity. However, TDE significantly inhibited circulating AChE 10, 30 and 60 min after administration. Our findings suggest that TDE is a reversible AChE-I and could be beneficial as a novel therapeutic agent for AD.     

银杏酮酯对动物急性脑缺血保护作用

本实验研究了银杏酮酯（GBE50）对大鼠、家犬急性脑缺血的影响。结果表明：GBE50能明显改善大鼠阻断双侧颈总动脉后引起的EEG缺血性变化。且能显著对抗狗脑缺血引起的CBF减少，CVR增加，可明显降低脑缺血引起的LDH释放增加，由此改善脑循环．对急性脑缺血有较好的保护作用。GBE50对家兔血液流变学参数的影响的实验表明GBE50有预防血栓形成和促进血栓溶解作用。     

毛冬青甲素对血小板功能和形态的影响

本文观察到毛冬青甲素体外给药,能抑制 ADP、胶原诱导的人、兔血小板聚集和5羟色胺释放,剂量与效应相关。药物抑制 ADP 诱导的聚集和释放反应较强,给大鼠体内给药,也明显抑制血小板聚集。电镜下超微结构研究表明,正常大鼠血小板呈椭圆形,颗粒清晰可见,给注射盐水大鼠的 PRP 中加入 ADP,血小板从分散变为明显聚集,甚至互相融合,但颗粒仍存在.若给静脉注射毛冬青甲素大鼠的 PRP 中加入 ADP,则血小板的超微结构除偶见伪足形成外其余与正常大鼠无明显差别。     

Species Differences in the Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic Activities of Lepidium sativum and Insight into Underlying Mechanisms

The aim of this study was to see if the crude extract of Lepidium sativum (Ls.Cr) exhibits species specificity in its antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities along with insight into the underlying mechanisms using the in‐vivo and in‐vitro experiments. Ls.Cr inhibited castor oil‐induced diarrhea in mice at doses (300 and 1000 mg/kg) three times higher dose than for rats. In isolated rat ileum and jejunum, Ls.Cr completely inhibited carbachol (CCh), low K⁺ (25 mM) and high K⁺ (80 mM)‐induced contractions, while in guinea‐pig tissues, Ls.Cr caused complete inhibition of only CCh‐induced contraction. In rabbit tissues, Ls.Cr completely inhibited CCh and low K⁺‐induced contractions sensitive to K⁺ channel antagonists. Pretreatment of guinea‐pig and rat tissues with Ls.Cr caused a rightward shift in CCh‐induced contractions in a pattern similar to dicyclomine, while in rabbit and rat tissues, Ls.Cr shifted isoprenaline curves to the left similar to papaverine. These data indicate that the antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of L. sativum are species dependent, mediating its antispasmodic effect through combinations of multiple pathways including activation of K⁺ channels, and inhibition of muscarinic receptors, Ca⁺⁺ channels and PDE enzyme. Rat tissues showed the highest potency. Based on the results, we recommend using multiple species to know the real pharmacological profile of medicinal products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pharmacological studies on coleonol,a hypotensive diterpene from Coleus forskohlii

Coleus spp. have been used in Aurvedic medicine for heart diseases, spasmodic pain, painful micturition and convulsions. The pharmacological properties of coleonol, a diterpene, isolated from Coleus forskohlii were investigated. Its predominant effect is to lower the blood pressure of anaesthetised cat and rat as well as of the spontaneously hypertensive rat due to relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle. In small doses it has a positive inotropic effect on isolated rabbit heart as well as on cat heart in vivo. Coleonol also exhibits nonspecific spasmolytic activity on smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract in various species but not on bronchial musculature of guinea pig. Large doses of coleonol have a depressant action on the central nervous system. These results provide the rationale for the use of this plant in Aurvedic medicine.     

针麻对大白鼠中枢神经系统不同部位胆碱酯酶的组织化学变化的观察

<正> 在针刺镇痛的作用中,不少资料证明与中枢神经化学介质有一定关系。究竟那些神经介质,它们各自起什么作用,这是一个极为复杂的过程。我们只是企图从中枢神经系统不同区域内乙酰胆碱(ACh)的变化来探讨。一般的组织化学方法至今还不能直接显示乙酰胆碱。但脑内有些区域乙酰胆碱(ACh)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、胆碱乙酰化酶(ChAT)的含量多少与活性的高低大体是一致的。所以我们在电针刺激的条     

Investigation of the antispasmodic potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces

Addition of an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces (2.5 ml/bath approximately 125 mg of starting crude material) inhibited the tone of various isolated muscle preparations (rabbit aortic strip, rhythmically contracting rat uterus, guinea-pig tracheal chain and rat diaphragm). Other muscles were stimulated (quiescent rat uterus and frog rectus abdominis). Intravenous injection of the extract to anaesthetized cats lowered the blood pressure in a dose-response manner. The inhibitory effects were resistant to a number of standard receptor blockers but the hypotensive influence was partially blocked by atropine and the tonic effects on rat uterus were partially reduced by hydrocortisone and indomethacin.