Medication administration errors in adult patients in the ICU

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the incidence and specify the types of medication administration errors from a list of error-prone medications and to determine if patient harm resulted from these errors. DESIGN: An observational evaluation. SETTING: Five intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred fifty-one patients who were at least 18 years of age and admitted to surgical, medical or mixed ICUs during a 3 month period were included. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A list of error-prone medications was adapted from the literature and evaluated for medication errors and patient harm. Of 5,744 observations in 851 patients, 187 (3.3%) medication administration errors were detected. the therapeutic classes most commonly associated with errors were vasoactive drugs 61 (32.6%) and sedative/analgesics 48 (25.7%). The most common type of error was wrong infusion rate with 71 (40.1%) errors. Twenty-one errors did not reach the patient and 159 reached the patient but did not result in harm, increased monitoring or intervention. Five errors required increased patient monitoring and two required intervention. None of the errors resulted in patient death. CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter evaluation found fewer medication administration errors than the published literature, possibly due to the varying observational techniques and pharmacist involvement. Lorazepam and wrong infusion rates are associated with errors that occurred frequently, resulted in the greatest potential for harm and were common oversights in the system. These errors should be considered potential areas for betterment in the medication use process to improve patient safety.     

四川大学华西第二医院2010年儿科门诊患儿超说明书用药情况调查

目的回顾性调查2010年四川大学华西第二医院儿科门诊患儿超说明书用药现状,分析相关危险因素,为了解我国儿科超说明书用药现状和制订超说明书用药政策提供基线数据。方法分层随机抽取该院2010年儿科门诊患儿的处方,依据药品说明书,判断其用药医嘱是否超说明书,分析各超说明书用药类型、各年龄段儿童各类药品超说明书用药情况以及超说明书用药与年龄、性别和基本药物、非处方药物分类的关系。结果共抽取门诊儿科处方2 640张,分析处方用药医嘱8 588条,涉及药品329种。按处方、用药医嘱与药品种类计,超说明书用药发生率分别为76.59%、40.88%、83.89%。超说明书用药类型主要包括未提及儿童用药信息(35.57%)、适应症(25.44%)和剂量(25.31%)3种。超说明书用药发生率居前2位的年龄段为新生儿(54.35%)和青少年(49.64%)。用药医嘱数居前4位的超说明书用药种类依次为:呼吸系统用药(48.12%)、中成药(48.12%)、消化和代谢系统用药(33.36%)、全身用抗感染药(16.27%)。全院门诊各年龄段患儿超说明书用药的风险无差异,基本药物、处方药物可能存在更高的超说明书用药风险。结论 2010年四川大学华西第二医院儿科门诊患儿超说明书用药情况普遍,并呈增长趋势。这一方面反映了药品说明书中儿科用药信息缺乏,另一方面也提示急需国家出台相关法律法规或指南,以规范我国可能日趋严重的超说明书用药行为,并通过促进儿童药物临床试验以提供更多用药证据,鼓励研发和生产儿童适用药品和剂型,建立我国儿童基本药物目录等多种手段,保障儿童用药安全和规避医师职业风险。     

通过门诊采样数据分析三级甲等综合医院中医药处方情况

  目的  通过门诊处方采样数据,分析三甲综合医院中医药处方情况。  方法  调取北京协和医院信息管理系统2015年7月1日至9月30日所有门诊处方,对门诊和中医科的处方数、条目数、金额等进行分类统计和对比分析。  结果  中医科中药饮片处方数占全院中药饮片处方总数的92.46%,中医科中成药处方数占全院中成药处方总数的14.35%。全院中药饮片处方和中成药处方之和占全院门诊处方总数的18.72%,处方金额占比为12.39%。中医科共有6个诊区,中医科普通门诊的处方数远高于其余5个。  结论  中医科是中药饮片的最主要处方科室。85.65%的门诊中成药由西医科室开具使用,存在使用盲目性的风险。     

通过门诊采样数据分析三级甲等综合医院中医药处方情况

目的通过门诊处方采样数据,分析三甲综合医院中医药处方情况。方法调取北京协和医院信息管理系统2015年7月1日至9月30日所有门诊处方,对门诊和中医科的处方数、条目数、金额等进行分类统计和对比分析。结果中医科中药饮片处方数占全院中药饮片处方总数的92.46%,中医科中成药处方数占全院中成药处方总数的14.35%。全院中药饮片处方和中成药处方之和占全院门诊处方总数的18.72%,处方金额占比为12.39%。中医科共有6个诊区,中医科普通门诊的处方数远高于其余5个。结论中医科是中药饮片的最主要处方科室。85.65%的门诊中成药由西医科室开具使用,存在使用盲目性的风险。