Simultaneous assay of ephedrine hydrochloride, theophylline, papaverine hydrochloride and hydroxyzine hydrochloride in tablets using RP-LC

The analytical problem was to control the quality of imported antiasthmatic tablets containing ephedrine hydrochloride, theophylline, papaverine hydrochloride and hydroxyzine hydrochloride. The aim of the analytical method for the assay was to separate, identify and quantify all compounds, at the same time. A gradient capable RP-LC system was used, using a commercially packed Nucleosil C18 column connected to a dual channel variable, programmable wavelength detector. The analysis was performed in the gradient program of increasing concentration of acetonitrile in water. The influence of pH of the mobile phase was established. The proposed method is reliable, reproducible, easy to perform and satisfies the aim.     

Stability of milrinone and digoxin, furosemide, procainamide hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, quinidine gluconate, or verapamil hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection

The stability of milrinone and digoxin, furosemide, procainamide hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, quinidine gluconate, or verapamil hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection containing milrinone was studied. Milrinone admixtures with digoxin, furosemide, propranolol hydrochloride, quinidine gluconate, and verapamil hydrochloride were studied at two concentrations. Admixtures of milrinone and procainamide hydrochloride were studied at four concentrations. Duplicate solutions of each admixture and each control were prepared and stored in glass containers for four hours at room temperature (22-23 degrees C), under normal fluorescent lights. The samples were analyzed immediately by visual inspection, tested for pH, and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Milrinone 0.35 mg/mL-furosemide 4 mg/mL and milrinone 0.1 mg/mL-furosemide 5 mg/mL admixtures precipitated immediately after preparation and were not studied by HPLC. No changes in pH or visual appearance were observed in the remaining admixtures after storage at room temperature for four hours. Admixtures containing milrinone 0.175 or 0.2 mg/mL and procainamide hydrochloride 1, 2, or 4 mg/mL satisfied the USP standard for procainamide hydrochloride injection USP assay after one hour but failed this test in all cases after four hours. No degradation of milrinone was observed in any of the admixtures containing procainamide hydrochloride. Milrinone and furosemide are incompatible in 5% dextrose injection and should be administered separately. The remaining admixtures were compatible, and all except those containing procainamide hydrochloride were stable for four hours at room temperature.     

Dexmethylphenidate--Novartis/Celgene. Focalin,D-MPH,D-methylphenidate hydrochloride,D-methylphenidate,dexmethylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride

Celgene has developed a chirally pure form of methylphenidate (Ritalin), called dexmethylphenidate [d-methylphenidate, d-methylphenidate hydrochloride, d-MPH; Focalin]. The drug has been launched in the USA and is undergoing registration in Canada for the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dexmethylphenidate is the single isomer version of racemic methylphenidate (Ritalin), which contains the active d isomer of Ritalin. Dexmethylphenidate acts via the inhibition of reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine. Research is ongoing to further clarify the mode of therapeutic action in ADHD. Dexmethylphenidate was developed with the aim of reducing drug load, adverse events and drug interactions. Dexmethylphenidate provides effective management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder at half the dose of Ritalin. In April 2000, worldwide rights (excluding Canada) to dexmethylphenidate were granted to Novartis. Celgene has also granted Novartis rights to all related intellectual properties and patents. Novartis will fund all remaining development and marketing expenses required for regulatory approval and commercialisation of dexmethylphenidate. Crystaal Corporation, the marketing division of Biovail Corporation International, has exclusive Canadian marketing rights for all formulations of dexmethylphenidate. Novartis launched dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) in the USA during Q1 2002. It is available as a D-shaped tablet (2.5, 5 and 10 mg doses). Novartis had planned to use the tradename Ritadex, however the FDA recommended an alternative name due to potential prescribing errors with Ritalin. The finalized tradename to be used is Focalin. In July 2001, a new drug submission was filed with Canada's Therapeutic Products Programme for dexmethylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Novartis is also developing an extended-release version of chirally pure dexmethylphenidate. Dexmethylphenidate has been found to be effective and well tolerated in clinical trials, involving a total of 684 children with ADHD and in 15 healthy adult volunteers. Dexmethylphenidate is a schedule II drug.     

Stability of amrinone and digoxin, procainamide hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, or verapamil hydrochloride in intravenous admixtures.

The stability of amrinone and digoxin, procainamide hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, or verapamil hydrochloride in intravenous admixtures was studied. Admixtures of amrinone and digoxin were studied at one concentration. Amrinone admixtures with propranolol hydrochloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, and verapamil hydrochloride were studied at two concentrations. In general, 0.45% sodium chloride injection was used as the diluent; 5% dextrose injection was also used for the procainamide hydrochloride experiments. Duplicate solutions of each test admixture and single-drug control admixture were prepared and stored for four hours at 22-23 degrees C under fluorescent light. Samples were analyzed by visual inspection, tested for pH, and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Admixtures containing amrinone 1.25 or 2.5 mg/mL (as the lactate salt) and sodium bicarbonate 37.5 mg/mL precipitated immediately or within 10 minutes. No changes in pH or visual appearance were noted for amrinone admixtures with procainamide hydrochloride, digoxin, propranolol hydrochloride, potassium chloride, and verapamil hydrochloride. Appreciable degradation of both amrinone and procainamide was observed after four hours when the two were mixed in 5% dextrose. No degradation of amrinone or procainamide was seen when the 5% dextrose was replaced by 0.45% sodium chloride. Amrinone and sodium bicarbonate were incompatible in intravenous admixtures. Amrinone was compatible with digoxin, propranolol hydrochloride, potassium chloride, and verapamil hydrochloride. Amrinone and procainamide were compatible in 0.45% sodium chloride injection but not in 5% dextrose injection.     

HPLC测定黄柏中的盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸药根碱

目的测定黄柏中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸药根碱的含量,为完善质量评价提供依据。方法采用HPLC法。结果与结论四川9个产区黄柏的盐酸小檗碱含量平均为50.5840 mg.g-1,关黄柏为6.8583 mg.g-1;其中荥经产黄柏中盐酸小檗碱的含量最高,为86.5381 mg.g-1,说明荥经是黄柏的道地药材产区;9个产区黄柏的盐酸巴马汀含量很低,平均为0.1296mg.g-1,而关黄柏为3.1310 mg.g-1;黄柏盐酸药根碱平均含量是0.2956 mg.g-1,关黄柏中是0.2883 mg.g-1,二者较接近。     

气相色谱法测定海珠喘息定片中冰片、盐酸氯喘及克敏嗪的含量

目的:建立以气相色谱法同时测定海珠喘息定片中冰片、盐酸氯喘、克敏嗪3种主要化学成分的含量。方法:采用高效毛细管柱气相色谱法,FID 检测器。结果:线性范围冰片:0.2～1.0 mg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9996,n=5),回收率为102.3%(RSD=1.7%,n=9);氯喘:0.04～0.2 mg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9996,n=5),回收率为99.8%(RSD:1.4%,n=9);克敏嗪:0.2～1.0 mg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9988,n=5),回收率为100.7%(RSD=1.3%,n=9)。结论:本法分离效果好,辅料无干扰,灵敏度高,线性范围广,快速简便,适用于该制剂3种主要成分的同时测定。     

Stability of meperidine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, and atropine sulfate in plastic syringes

The stability of a combination of meperidine hydrochloride 50 mg, promethazine hydrochloride 25 mg, and atropine sulfate 0.4 mg in plastic syringes at room temperature was studied. The samples were tested for each drug after 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours in the syringes. Freshly prepared mixtures of the drugs in glass containers were used as controls, and three trials using separate test mixtures were performed. A gas chromatography procedure was used; atropine was separated from the mixture and assayed alone for greater accuracy. Drug concentrations in the plastic syringes were not significantly different from controls at any of the test times. A mixture of meperidine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, and atropine sulfate in dosages commonly administered as a preoperative medication was stable for 24 hours in plastic syringes.     

HPLC法测定香连制剂中盐酸小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱含量

建立香连制剂中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸药根碱含量测定方法。采用高效液相法测定香连片(丸)中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸药根碱含量,色谱柱:Diamonsil C18;流动相:0.2 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钠(用磷酸调节pH至3.0)-乙腈(70∶30);流速:1 mL.min-1;柱温:30℃;检测波长:345 nm。盐酸小檗碱在10.2~510 ng范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9997,平均回收率为98.43%,RSD=2.0%;盐酸巴马汀在5.0~250 ng范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9998,平均回收率为98.51%,RSD=2.4%;盐酸药根碱在4.8~240 ng范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9992,平均回收率为97.57%,RSD=2.7%。该方法简便可行、重复性好,可更好评价香连片(丸)质量。     

Spectrophotometric determination of tolbutamide, thiamine hydrochloride, and pyridoxine hydrochloride in combination products.

The first derivative curve is used for tolbutamide determination in unit-dose tablets and in combination products. The absorbance contribution from tablet excipient and coexisting components, thiamine and pyridoxine, is thereby nullified. The interference from tolbutamide during thiamine and pyridoxine determination is eliminated by solvent extraction and pH-induced differential spectrophotometry. Thiamine is measured at the isosbestic point of pyridoxine. The latter is determined by the differential absorbance measurement at two wavelengths with the consequent computation of the delta absorbance value.     

不同厂家黄连配方颗粒中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭和盐酸药根碱含量比较

目的　考察不同厂家黄连配方颗粒中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭和盐酸药根碱含量。方法　用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭和盐酸药根碱含量。色谱柱为Diamonsil C18 (4 6 mm×250 mm, 5μm); 流动相为0 2 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠(用磷酸调节pH至3 0) 乙腈(70∶30); 流速为1 mL·min-1; 柱温为30 ℃; 检测波长为345 nm。结果　不同厂家黄连配方颗粒中盐酸小檗碱含量为3 .67~72. 53 mg·包-1, 盐酸巴马亭含量为0 .60~28. 70 mg·包-1, 盐酸药根碱含量为5. 40~26 .54 mg·包-1。结论　不同厂家产品盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭和盐酸药根碱含量差异显著。     

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions among haloperidol, carteolol hydrochloride and biperiden hydrochloride.

A beta-adrenoceptor blocker and an anticholinergic agent are often prescribed concomitantly for the treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia. The aim of this study was to investigate possible pharmacokinetic interactions of neuroleptic haloperidol with the beta-blocker carteolol and the anticholinergic biperiden. In a 5-step, open-labeled, oral single-dose study, eight healthy male volunteers received 2 mg haloperidol, 10 mg carteolol hydrochloride, and 2 mg biperiden hydrochloride: first each drug alone, then a combination of haloperidol and carteolol, and then all three drugs concurrently. Serum concentrations of haloperidol, carteolol, and biperiden were determined up to 24 hr postdosing, and a safety evaluation was conducted throughout the study. Carteolol increased the area under the haloperidol serum concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) 1.4-fold (P = 0.0014) and decreased the serum clearance of haloperidol up to 67% (P = 0.0127). Biperiden reduced the serum haloperidol concentrations increased by the administration of carteolol. No significant changes of the serum pharmacokinetics of carteolol and biperiden were found as a result of any drug combinations. Adverse events of the central nervous system such as sleepiness and changes in pupil size were observed, but all were mild with clinical insignificance.     

长效支气管扩张剂盐酸奥达特罗

盐酸奥达特罗是一种新型选择性速效、长效β2-肾上腺能受体激动剂,可迅速起效且维持24h的支气管扩张作用,全身性副作用很少。由于只需每天用药1次,故能提高患者的依从性,给以气道阻塞为特征的疾病治疗提供一种新的治疗选择。本文介绍盐酸奥达特罗的药理作用、临床研究、不良反应和与其他药物联合治疗的研究情况。     

HPLC法同时测定二妙丸中黄柏碱、木兰花碱、药根碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的建立二妙丸中黄柏碱、木兰花碱、药根碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法同时测定二妙丸中黄柏碱、木兰花碱、药根碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱的含量。色谱柱为phe-nomenex Luna C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相A:乙腈,流动相B:0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-0.2%三乙胺溶液(磷酸调pH 3.0),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为284 nm。结果在一定浓度范围内,黄柏碱、木兰花碱、药根碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为98.09%,98.04%,99.75%,102.74%和104.84%,RSD分别为1.04%,1.36%,0.14%,1.83%和0.62%。结论该方法简便准确,专属性强,可作为二妙丸质量控制方法。