Kyphosis recurrence after posterior short-segment fixation in thoracolumbar burst fractures

OBJECT: Recurrent kyphosis has been commonly seen after posterior short-segment pedicle instrumentation for a thoracolumbar fracture, but studies on this issue are relatively scarce, and the clinical significance of recurrent deformity is uncertain. No study has addressed the associations between the reduction of a burst fracture vertebra and the final recurrent kyphosis after implant removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the recurrent kyphosis after short-segment pedicle screw fixation in thoracolumbar burst fractures and to evaluate the effect of the degree of a vertebral reduction on the recurrent kyphotic deformity after implant removal. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients who had undergone posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar junction burst fractures (T12-L2) were investigated retrospectively. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years (mean 2.7 years). Pain status was evaluated using the Denis pain scale. Changes in the anterior vertebral height ratio, vertebral wedge angle, upper intervertebral angle, lower intervertebral angle, Cobb angle, regional angle, and sagittal index were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, before implant removal, and at final follow-up. The correlation between the reduction of a fractured vertebra and the recurrent kyphotic deformity was also analyzed. RESULTS: After the initial surgical correction, the reduced vertebral body (VB) height (anterior vertebral height ratio and vertebral wedge angle) remained stable until final follow-up, whereas the intervertebral disc space (the upper and lower intervertebral angles) collapsed, resulting in a progressive kyphotic deformity (Cobb angle, regional angle, and sagittal index). No significant correlation was found between the final kyphosis and pain scale, but the 8 patients with a sagittal index > 15 degrees showed a higher incidence of moderate to severe pain (P3-5 on the Denis pain scale) compared with the remaining 19 patients with a sagittal index < 15 degrees . Significant positive correlation was found between recurrent kyphosis and vertebral wedge angle (r = 0.850, p < 0.001) and the reduced vertebral height (r = -0.727, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Given that the correction loss occurs primarily through disc space collapse, the amount of the final kyphotic deformity was predictable by the degree of the fractured vertebral reduction as seen on the lateral x-ray study. Surgeons who perform posterior reduction and fixation procedures should pay more attention to reducing the fractured vertebral wedge angle to its intact condition, rather than the segmental angular parameters. If the wedge angle of the fractured VB is unacceptable after reduction, additional reconstruction of the anterior column may be necessary.     

Posterior pedicle screw fixation with supplemental laminar hook fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures

Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with posterior short-segment pedicle fixation usually provides excellent initial correction of kyphotic deformity, but a significant amount of correction can be lost afterwards. This study evaluates the clinical relevance of the short-segment pedicle fixation supplemented by laminar hooks (2HS-1SH) construct in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Twenty-five patients with a single-level thoracolumbar burst fracture were assessed in this retrospective study. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year (mean 2.9 [standard deviation {SD}] 1.5 y). Preoperative vertebral height loss and local kyphosis were 35% (SD 14%) and 19° (SD 9°), respectively. Mean corrections of vertebral height and kyphosis were 10% (SD 16%) and 12° (SD 9°), respectively. Mean loss of correction at last follow-up was 2% (SD 6%) and 4° (SD 3°) for vertebral height and kyphosis, respectively. Loss of correction was significant for local kyphosis (p < 0.001) but not for vertebral height (p = 0.20). Despite the significant loss of correction for local kyphosis, it remained improved at latest follow-up when compared with the preoperative value (p < 0.001). For patients with more than 2 years of follow-up, most of the loss of correction in local kyphosis occurred during the first postoperative year. There was no evidence of instrumentation failure or pseudarthrosis in any patient. The 2HS-1SH construct provides significant correction of vertebral body height and local kyphosis. It also preserves the initial correction and minimizes the risk of instrumentation failure.     

后路经伤椎置钉短节段固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的探讨后路经伤椎置钉连续短节段固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法分析自2004年8月～2010年12月手术治疗的177例单节段胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床资料,均采用后路切开复位经伤椎置钉连续短节段固定手术,术后及随访均行X线检查,测定并比较两组伤椎前缘压缩比和Cobb角大小,同时观察神经功能恢复情况。结果 152例得到随访1～7年,平均3.8年。患者术后伤椎椎体高度得到恢复,Cobb角得到矫正;伤椎前缘压缩比和Cobb角术后1周较术前均有明显改善(P<0.05),末次随访时与术后1周对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经伤椎连续固定后能有效的阻止术后椎体高度的丢失和防止后凸畸形的发生,明显降低了远期并发症,是治疗胸腰爆裂骨折的有效手段。     

MAST Quadrant通道下椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的:观察在MAST Quadrant通道辅助下由椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根向椎体植骨短节段钉棒内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2009年6月至2012年9月资料完整并得到随访的胸或腰椎单节段爆裂骨折患者42例,男19例,女23例,年龄(55.2±11.9)岁,受伤时间(5.8±4.3)d。骨折节段:T103例,T116例,T1213例,L19例,L27例,L34例。骨折Denis分型:A型9例,B型21例,C型5例,D型5例,E型2例。所有患者采用MAST Quadrant通道辅助下由椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根向椎体植骨短节段钉棒内固定治疗,对患者手术时间、出血量、并发症进行观察,并对手术前后的伤椎椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、VAS疼痛评分及下腰痛JOA评分进行比较。结果:术后1周椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、VAS评分与术前比较差异均有统计学意义,与术后1年比较差异无统计学意义。术后1周伤椎椎体高度恢复率(95.23±3.18)%,术后1年(94.15±2.73)%,两者比较差异无统计学意义。术后1周JOA评分与术前比较差异有统计学意义,术后1年与术后1周比较差异也有统计学意义。结论:采用MAST Quadrant通道辅助下由椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根向椎体植骨短节段钉棒内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折是一种安全、微创、疗效满意的治疗方法。     

Reduce the fractured central endplate in thoracolumbar fractures using percutaneous pedicle screws and instrumentational maneuvers: Technical strategy and radiological outcomes

IntroductionTraumatic thoracolumbar burst fracture is a common condition without a clear consensus on the best treatment approach. Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) techniques are widely used in practice, while its ability to correct fracture deformity is relatively weak, especially for the central area of the endplate. In this study, we reported a novel technique to reduce the fractured central endplate in thoracolumbar burst fractures.MethodsThe new reduction technique uses six percutaneous pedicle screws for the fractured vertebra and its adjacent vertebrae. Pedicle screws implanted in the two adjacent vertebrae were parallel to the superior vertebral endplate, as routinely required. Two monoaxial pedicle screws implanted in the fractured vertebra were placed toward the anteroinferior portion of the fractured vertebral body. After routine instrumentation and ligamentotaxis reduction, the bolt heads of the four screws implanted in the adjacent vertebrae were first tightened, and then the bolt heads of the screws implanted in the fractured vertebra were gradually tighten to elevate the collapsed endplate. A fundamental principle of this technique is to implant the pedicle screw in the fractured vertebra towards the anteroinferior portion of the vertebra in such a way that the angle between the pedicle screw and the rod is oblique on lateral fluoroscopy. As such, when the bolt heads were tightened, the pedicle screws can be swung up to reduce the endplate fragments.ResultsThe novel technique was performed in 24 patients with neurologically intact thoracolumbar AO type A3 fractures. The middle vertebral height ratio was significantly improved from 69.7%±7.6% after routine reduction to 85.1%±4.5% postoperatively (p<0.01). No complication was noticed for this new reduction technique. At 6-month follow-up, no significant correction loss of the middle and posterior vertebral height ratios, Cobb angle, and vertebral wedge angle was observed, while 5.8% of correction loss was observed for the anterior vertebral height ratio.ConclusionThe described reduction technique is simple, safe, and effective in reducing the collapsed central endplate in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Such a practical reduction strategy does not need additional medical costs.     

经伤椎与跨节段固定治疗无脊髓损伤的胸腰段A3型骨折

目的 比较经伤椎固定与跨节段固定治疗无脊髓损伤胸腰段A3型骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性分析无脊髓损伤的AO分型为A3型的52例胸腰段单椎体爆裂性骨折患者的临床资料,并按固定方法不同分为A、B两组.A组23例为2005年1月至2006年12月采用后路经伤椎椎弓根钉固定的患者,其中男性18例,女性5例;平均年龄(35.3±8.3)岁;伤椎分布:T_(11)1例、T_(12)9例、L_111例、L_2 2例.B组29例为1999年1月至2004年12月采用传统后路跨节段经椎弓根固定的患者,其中男性20例,女性9例;平均年龄(37.3±6.8)岁;伤椎分布:T_(11)1例、T_(12)7例、L_120例、L_2 1例.分别于术前、术后即刻、术后2年对患者临床疗效与影像学指标进行对比分析.结果 患者均获随访,随访时间24～84个月,平均(37.4±10.9)个月.A、B两组比较,术前、术后即刻、术后2年JOA、VAS平均评分差异均无统计学意义;术后即刻Cobb角平均矫正度分别为13.7°±7.7°、8.8°±5.0°,术后2年平均矫正丢失度分别为2.9°±1.5°、5.0°±2.9°,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后即刻伤椎前缘高度平均矫正度分别为(29.4±6.0)%、(21.7±6.9)%,术后2年平均矫正丢失度分别为(3.1±0.8)%、(6.6±3.0)%,而术后即刻伤椎后缘高度平均矫正度分别为(8.5±3.2)%、(6.1±1.8)%.术后2年平均矫正丢失度分别为(2.0±0.8)%、(3.4±1.0)%,两组伤椎前、后缘高度术后即刻平均矫正度及术后2年平均丢失度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).A组术后即刻CT显示11例(47.8%)椎管内骨折块完全复位、12例(52.2%)复位后矢状径狭窄<1/3,复位效果优于B组(P<0.01).术后未出现神经损伤及与伤椎置钉有关的并发症.B组出现2例螺钉断裂.结论 经伤椎固定治疗胸腰段A3型骨折能获得更好的初期复位,术后2年矫正丢失较跨节段固定少.     

Treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficit by indirect reduction and posterior instrumentation: bisegmental stabilization with monosegmental fusion

This study retrospectively reviews 20 sequential patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficit. All patients were treated by indirect reduction, bisegmental posterior transpedicular instrumentation and monosegmental fusion. Clinical and radiological outcome was analyzed after an average follow-up of 6.4 years. Re-kyphosis of the entire segment including the cephaled disc was significant with loss of the entire postoperative correction over time. This did not influence the generally benign clinical outcome. Compared to its normal height the fused cephalad disc was reduced by 70% and the temporarily spanned caudal disc by 40%. Motion at the temporarily spanned segment could be detected in 11 patients at follow-up, with no relation to the clinical result. Posterior instrumentation of thoracolumbar burst fractures can initially reduce the segmental kyphosis completely. The loss of correction within the fractured vertebral body is small. However, disc space collapse leads to eventual complete loss of segmental reduction. Therefore, posterolateral fusion alone does not prevent disc space collapse. Nevertheless, clinical long-term results are favorable. However, if disc space collapse has to prevented, an interbody disc clearance and fusion is recommended. Received: 21 October 1998 Revised: 26 March 1999 Accepted: 12 April 1999     

智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折

目的:评价智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折的临床效果。方法 :回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月收治的22例单节段胸腰段爆裂型骨折患者,其中男12例,女10例,年龄32~56(42.4±8.6)岁。22例患者术前均采用自行研制的智能化充气复位仪体外复位,然后行经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、脊柱后凸畸形角度(Cobb角)及椎体前缘高度对患者手术前后的临床特征进行评价并观察其临床疗效。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间1~2.5年,平均18个月。22例骨折均获得愈合,未出现椎弓根螺钉松动、移位、断裂及脊柱后凸畸形等并发症。术前、术后1周及末次随访腰痛VAS评分分别为7.82±0.85,3.09±0.92,1.05±0.72;ODI评分为84.2±11.2,46.3±9.0,12.2±4.3;后凸Cobb角为(16.3±5.4)°,(3.7±2.2)°,(5.5±2.6)°;椎体前缘高度为(59.5±7.8)%,(86.9±6.0)%,(83.5±5.5)%。VAS评分和ODI评分在术前、术后1周及末次随访,两两时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。后凸Cobb角和伤椎前缘高度,术后1周、末次随访与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1周和末次随访比较差异无统计学意义。结论:智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定术具有复位可靠、创伤小、骨折愈合率高和并发症少等优点,是胸腰段爆裂型骨折较好的治疗方案,值得临床推广应用。     

伤椎置钉联合经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的分析伤椎置钉联合经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法 2008年6月至2012年6月,我院脊柱外科应用伤椎置钉联合经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折患者44例,对比术前、术后伤椎椎体前缘压缩比值(X线侧位片上伤椎前缘高度/伤椎相邻上下两椎体前缘高度的平均值)及脊柱后凸Cobb角;记录术前、术后的神经功能改变。结果随访时间为1.0~4.0年,平均1.8年。患者术后3 d伤椎前缘的压缩比值为93.4%,与术前的46.9%比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3 d的Cobb角为5.2°,与术前的30.4°比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中23例患者术后1年有1~3级神经功能改善。结论伤椎置钉联合经椎弓根椎体内植骨可以恢复伤椎高度并矫正脊柱后凸畸形,临床效果满意。     

伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的回顾性分析探讨后路伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2006-03-2010-03后路手术治疗的82例胸腰椎骨折临床资料,分为2组,其中A组(40例)伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折,B组(42例)跨伤椎用椎弓根螺钉内固定。比较A组和B组后凸Cobb角矫正率、术后椎管面积改善率、远期丢失率、内固定失效率。结果 A组在术后矫正率、术后椎管面积改善率、远期丢失率、内固定失效率方面优于B组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论胸腰椎骨折应用伤椎置钉可以增加内固定系统的牢固性,并利于矫正后凸畸形和维持矫正效果。     

Kyphoplasty as an alternative treatment of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures Magerl type A3

IntroductionTraumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures are frequently classified as burst fractures Magerl type A3. There still are many controversies regarding the treatment of this fracture. The therapeutic spectrum ranges from conservative to invasive operative methods with attendant morbidities. The minimal-invasive technique of kyphoplasty has established itself as a common treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and is associated with a low complication rate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional and radiological results after kyphoplasty of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures.Patients and methodsPatients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures type A3.1, A3.2 and A3.3, who were treated with kyphoplasty, were included in this study. The clinical outcome was measured at follow up with a neurological assessment, the visual analogue pain scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Score (ODI) and the SF-36 Health Survey. The radiological measurements, performed on preoperative, postoperative and follow up radiographs, included the sagittal index, the wedge angle and the modified Cobb angle of Daniaux.Results26 patients with 23 A3.1, one A3.2 and five A3.3 fractures were treated between 2004 and 2007, including five patients with multiple vertebral fractures. At follow up the Oswestry Disability Score (26.2%) and the SF-36 score (60.1%) assessed a moderately limitation of functional outcome and quality of life without any neurological deficits. Radiological measurements showed a postoperative height restoration and reduction of kyphosis, but at follow up a secondary loss of correction except in five cases. Six minor ventrocranial cement leakages without further clinical consequence were observed.ConclusionsThe present study showed that kyphoplasty is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of burst fractures. It allowed the correction of the kyphosis, stabilisation of the facture, pain reduction and early mobilisation.     

Instrumented ligamentotaxis and stabilization of compression and burst fractures of dorsolumbar and mid-lumbar spines

Background:

Controversy continues regarding the best treatment for compression and burst fractures. The axial distraction reduction utilizing the technique employing the long straight rod or curved short rod without derotation to reduce fracture are practised together with short segment posterolateral fusion (PLF). Effects of the early postoperative mobilization without posterolateral fusion on reduction maintenance and fracture consolidation were not evaluated so far. The present prospective study is designed to assess the effectiveness of i) reduction and restoration of sagittal alignment, ii) no posterolateral fusion on the reduced, fractured vertebral body and injured disc, iii) fracture consolidation and iv) the fate of the unfused cephalad and caudal injured motion segments of the fractured vertebra.

Materials and Methods:

The study includes 15 Denis burst and two Denis type D compression fractures between T₁₂ and L₃. The lordotic distraction technique was used for ligamentotaxis utilizing the contoured short rods and pedicle screw fixator. Three vertebrae including the fractured one were fixed. The patients after surgery were braced for ten weeks with activity restriction for 2-4 weeks. The patients were evaluated for change in vertebral body height, sagittal curve, reduction of retropulsion, improvement in neural deficit. The unfused motion segments, residual postoperative pain and bone and metal failure were also evaluated.

Results:

The preoperative and postreduction percentile vertebral heights at, zero (immediate postoperative), at three, six and 12 months followup were 62.4, 94.8, 94.6, 94.5 and 94.5%, respectively. The percentages of the intracanal fragment retropulsion at preoperative, and postoperative at zero, 3, 6 and 12 months followup were 59.0, 36.2,, 36.0, 32.3, and 13.6% respectively.The preoperative and postreduction percentile loss of the canal dimension and at zero, three, six and 12 months were 52.1, 45.0, 44.0, 41.0 and 29% respectively suggesting that the under-reduced fragment was being resorbed gradually by a remodeling process. The mean initial kyphosis of 33° became mean 2° immediately after reduction and mean 3° at the final followup. The fractured vertebral bodies consolidated in an average period of ten weeks (range 8-14 weeks). The restored disc heights were relatively well maintained throughout the observation period. All paraparetic patients recovered neurologically. There were no postoperative complications.

Conclusion:

Instrument-aided ligamentotaxis for compression and burst fractures utilizing the short contoured rod derotation technique and the instrumented stabilization of the fractured spine are found to be effective procedures which contribute to the fractured vertebral body consolidation without recollapse and maintain the motion segment function.     

Changes of the adjacent discs and vertebrae in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated with or without bone cement augmentation

BACKGROUND CONTEXTAlthough vertebral augmentation with bone cement has been commonly used to treat symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, relatively little is known about the impact of augmentation on the adjacent spinal components.PURPOSETo determine the imaging effects of vertebral augmentation on the adjacent discs, the augmented vertebra, and the involved spinal segment.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective radiographic study.PATIENT SAMPLEPatients with acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who underwent vertebral augmentation or nonoperative treatments.OUTCOME MEASURESOn baseline and follow-up mid-sagittal T2W magnetic resonance images, quantitative measurements of disc degeneration, including disc height, bulging, and signal, vertebral height, wedge angle, and segmental kyphotic angle were acquired.METHODSLumbar spine magnetic resonance images of patients with acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures at a local hospital in Eastern China between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed. Student's t-tests and χ² tests were used to examine the differences of baseline and changes over time between vertebrae underwent vertebral augmentation and those did not. Paired t-tests were used to examine the differences between baseline and follow-up to study the changes of adjacent disc degeneration, creep deformity of the vertebra and progression of segmental kyphosis.RESULTSThere were 112 acute vertebral compression fractures (72 treated with kyphoplasty and 40 with nonoperative treatments) in 101 subjects. At final follow-up (mean 21.5 months), the cranial disc of the augmented vertebra decreased in height (p<.001), and both cranial and caudal discs decreased in signal intensity (p≤.02). The discs in the nonoperative group did not undergo such degenerative changes. For the fractured vertebra, vertebral height significantly decreased (p<.01 for both) and vertebral wedge angle significantly increased (p≤.01 for both), regardless of augmentation treatment or not. Segmental kyphotic angle significantly increased in vertebral fractures that underwent vertebral augmentation (p<.001), but not in those underwent nonoperative treatments.CONCLUSIONSPatients that underwent vertebral augmentation had more advanced disc degeneration at adjacent disc levels as compared to those without augmentation. The fractured vertebral body height decreased and the wedge angle increased, regardless of vertebral augmentation treatment or not. Vertebral augmentation may be associated with increased creep deformity of the adjacent vertebra and the progression of segmental kyphosis.     

椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎强化内固定治疗老年胸腰椎骨折

目的:探讨椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎强化内固定治疗老年胸腰椎骨折的安全性及临床疗效。方法:2007年8月至2010年8月,采用椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎强化内固定治疗22例老年胸腰椎骨折患者,其中男14例,女8例;年龄60～71岁,平均64.6岁;受伤至手术时间1～4d,平均2.7d。均为单节段骨折,其中T112例,T125例,L111例,L24例。依据Denis骨折分型:压缩性骨折6例,爆裂性骨折16例。胸腰椎损伤分类及严重度评分系统评分(TLICS)4～9分,平均5.2分;Load-sharing评分为4～6分,平均5.4分。神经功能按ASIA分级:B级2例,C级3例,D级7例,E级10例。通过侧位X线片对手术前后的伤椎Cobb角、椎体前缘压缩百分比、椎体中央压缩百分比进行比较;通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)及ASIA标准对手术前后疼痛和脊髓神经功能进行评定。结果:手术时间50～95min,平均60.8min;术中出血量50～130ml,平均84ml;患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有病例获得随访,时间12～48个月,平均21.6个月。伤椎Cobb角由术前的(19.5±9.5)°矫正至术后的(4.3±4.1)°,末次随访时的(6.2±4.7)°;椎体前缘压缩百分比由术前的(52.3±10.3)%恢复至术后的(6.1±4.2)%,末次随访时的(6.8±5.4)%;椎体中央压缩百分比由术前的(38.9±11.2)%恢复至术后的(8.3±4.7)%,末次随访时的(9.4±4.5)%。VAS评分由术前的(8.56±0.88)分恢复至术后的(3.48±0.91)分,末次随访时的(3.20±0.92)分。脊髓神经功能除10例E级无变化外,其余均有1～2级的恢复。所有病例未发现内固定失效及腰背部疼痛症状。结论:经椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎强化内固定手术时间短、出血少,明显减低了手术创伤导致的椎旁肌的退变和术后腰背痛的发生率,可有效改善神经功能及维持矫正效果,大大降低内固定失效率。     

经椎弓根植骨治疗老年人胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的　探讨经椎弓根植骨结合短节段内固定对防止老年人胸腰椎爆裂性骨折后期后凸畸形及腰背部疼痛的意义。方法　采用经椎弓根植骨结合短节段内固定治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折 1 6例 ,术后及随访期间摄X线片测定椎体成角、上下终板成角、椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值 ,了解患者后期腰背部疼痛情况 ,了解有无内固定失败等并发症。结果　通过经椎弓根植骨结合短节段内固定治疗 ,椎体成角、上下终板成角、椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值均明显改善 ,术后随访测量以上结果与术后相比无明显变化。随访期间 3例有轻度腰背部疼痛 ,其余无腰背部疼痛。无一例发生内固定折断、拔出、松动等并发症。结论　采用经椎弓根植骨结合短节段内固定治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折可有效地防止后期出现后凸畸形及腰背部疼痛 ,是治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折较理想的方法之一     

一期经后路三柱重建技术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折应用经后路进行脊柱三柱重建技术的临床效果.方法 对24例胸腰椎爆裂骨折采用经后路椎体次全切除、钛网置入及椎弓根钉重建术治疗.采用Frankel评定标准评定术后神经功能恢复情况.通过影像学变化评价后凸畸形矫正情况和椎管减压程度.结果 本组获随访13～46个月,平均24个月.椎体高度术后恢复至正常高度的97.8％.椎体后凸畸形角度矫正至术后3.5°.椎管容积矫正至术后椎管压迫完全解除.所有患者神经症状均有不同程度恢复.结论 经后路进行脊柱三柱重建技术,能有效矫正胸腰椎爆裂骨折的后凸畸形、解除椎管内压迫,达到术后即刻稳定,具有骨折复位满意,手术创伤较小及并发症少等特点.     

后路短节段椎弓根内固定治疗无神经损伤胸腰段爆裂骨折

目的　探讨后路短节段椎弓根内固定、经椎弓根椎体内植骨对无神经损伤胸腰段爆裂骨折的治疗效果。方法　对 2 2例无神经损伤的胸腰段爆裂骨折 ,采用短节段椎弓根内固定器复位固定、经椎弓根椎体内植骨 ,术前、后摄X线片、CT扫描。结果　术后伤椎高度明显恢复 ,后凸显著矫正 (P <0 0 5 ) ;术后 1年 ,后凸矫正度数大量丢失 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　后路短节段椎弓根内固定是治疗无神经损伤胸腰段爆裂骨折的一种理想方法 ,经椎弓根椎体内植骨不能阻止后凸矫正度数的丢失。     

短节段内固定并椎体成形术治疗重度椎体骨质疏松性骨折伴脊柱后凸畸形

目的 评估行后路内固定并椎体成形术治疗椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的疗效.方法 2007年1月～2011年12月,对32例椎体压缩＞2/3并伴脊柱后凸畸形的老年患者行后路脊柱后凸矫正及椎体成形术.对手术前后患椎高度、脊柱后凸Cobb角、腰背部疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）进行评价分析.结果 全部病例平均随访13.5个月.手术前,患椎平均剩余高度为27.8 %,脊柱后凸Cobb角25.3°,腰背痛VAS评分8.06,ODI为90%;术后1周,各项指标分别为63.1%,8.5°,3.14,59.7%;手术后3个月,分别为62.7%,8.69°,1.4,31.32%.与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论对于重度椎体骨质疏松性骨折合并脊柱后凸畸形的患者,行脊柱后凸矫正及开放椎体成形术,治疗效果良好.     

Long‐term results of thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures after short‐segment pedicle instrumentation,with special reference to implant failure and correction loss

Objective: To assess the long‐term results of short‐segment pedicle instrumentation for thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures. Methods: From February 1987 to June 1995, 89 patients with thoracolumbar or lumbar burst fracture were treated with short‐segment pedicle instrumentation, and 68 (76.4%) of them were followed up for an average of 8.0 years (range, 5–13 years). Radiographs were taken pre‐ and post‐ operatively, before implant removal and at final follow‐up. Computerized tomography (CT) scans of the fractured vertebrae were done on 18 patients, with their consent, at final follow‐up. Results: At final follow‐up, neurological status had improved at least one grade in the Frankel Grading system in 90.8% patients who had presented incomplete paralysis preoperatively, and low back pain was evaluated as Denis' P₁ in 60.3%, P₂ in 35.3% and P₃ in 4.4% of patients. An average of 2.5 mm (range, 0–6.5 mm) of implant deformation was recorded before implant removal, and implant failure was noted in 11 (16.2%) patients. At final follow‐up, loss of correction of the anterior vertebral body height and Cobb angle averaged 1.9% and 12.1°, leaving residual correction rates of 30.5% and 5.8°, respectively. The loss of correction occurred mainly at adjacent disc spaces, and collapse of the vertebral body was more severe at its center. CT scan revealed an obvious gap, which communicated with the adjacent disc space, in the vertebral body of 16 of the 18 patients scanned. Local kyphosis of more than 20° existed in five patients and three of them had low back pain. Conclusion: Short‐segment pedicle instrumentation provides satisfactory reduction for thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures. The relatively high incidence of implant failure and the loss of correction may be caused by various factors, and more adequate fusion is recommended.     

骨质疏松性压缩骨折椎体成形术中复位程度对疗效的影响

目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折采用椎体成形术治疗过程中椎体复位程度对疗效的影响。方法:自2004年10月至2007年6月,对采用椎体成形术治疗的37例(40个椎体)骨质疏松性压缩骨折进行回顾性分析,男12例,女25例;年龄48～87岁,平均(72.4±12.7)岁。对患者术前、术后及末次随访时进行VAS评分评估疼痛缓解情况,通过侧位X线片评估骨折椎体压缩及复位程度、椎体后凸角的变化。结果:所有患者获随访,平均随访时间(35.8±9.6)个月(12～47个月)。术前患者VAS评分为(8.4±1.6)分,术后第2日VAS评分为(2.1±1.2)分,与术前比较差异明显(P<0.05);末次随访时VAS评分为(1.6±0.9)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。侧位X线片测量椎体高度情况:术前椎体前缘和中央压缩程度分别为(72.0±10.6)%、(68.0±15.6)%,术后椎体前缘和中央压缩程度为(76.0±8.6)%、(73.0±6.1)%,与术前比较均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:椎体成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的一种有效的方法,可有效缓解患者的疼痛症状。即使X线显示骨折椎体未获得满意的复位,疼痛症状仍然缓解满意,骨折复位程度对疗效无明显影响。