城市生活垃圾综合管理模式初探

论述了城市生活垃圾综合管理系统的内涵、特征及其相关理念,提出了可持续发展的生活垃圾管理系统应具备的条件,并以上海市浦东新区为例,探讨了城市生活垃圾综合管理系统及发展城市生活垃圾综合管理系统的对策.     

基于主成分分析的生活垃圾产生量模型研究

分析了城市生活垃圾产生量的影响因素,从中选取了6项主要影响因素,研究了它们与城市生活垃圾产生量之间的关系;根据合肥市城市生活垃圾产生量的统计数据,运用主成分分析法对6项指标进行了综合分析,并研究其贡献率,提取出综合因子;针对城市生活垃圾产生量的增长特点,运用一元线性回归方法对综合因子进行拟合,建立了基于主成分分析的城市生活垃圾产生量模型;对合肥市2010年及2015年的生活垃圾产生量进行了预测。     

国外城市生活垃圾焚烧技术分析及其在我国的应用前景

城市生活垃圾焚烧技术是工业发达国家采用的主要垃圾处理方式之一，本文依据掌握的大量数据资料研究分析了工业发达国家城市生活垃圾焚烧技术的发展水平与实际应用状况，力求比较全面的反映各国城市生活垃圾焚烧技术的应用水平及其存在问题，同时依据我国城市生活垃圾产量和基本性状的科学分析数据及其发展趋势预测，在充分考虑我国应用和发展城市生活垃圾焚烧技术的基本条件及各类相关制约因素的前提下，提出了在我国发展与应用城市生活垃圾杰烧技术的建议。     

城市生活垃圾分类处理的调查与思考

以浙江省杭州市、宁波市、金华市等城市生活垃圾终端处理实践为研究对象,分析了城市居民开展垃圾分类处理的难点,从城市生活垃圾终端处理能力着手,提出了生活垃圾分类及处理的对策。     

城市生活垃圾综合处理工艺及发展趋势探讨

结合我国城市生活垃圾成分的特点,通过对城市生活垃圾污染、收运、处理处置现状的分析,指出现有城市生活垃圾处理方式的缺陷,探讨了城市生活垃圾综合处理工艺与相对应的资源再生工艺,指出综合处理工艺的优势,明确了城市生活垃圾处理方式的发展方向是生活垃圾综合处理。     

上海生活垃圾分类资源化指标探讨

上海生活垃圾分类资源化体系基本建立,但回收利用精细化管理水平有待进一步提高.分析了欧盟(德国)、美国、日本、中国的生活垃圾分类、无废城市建设、资源化利用情况及相关指标,结合上海城市定位,从体现业内基本需求、反映上海实践特色、反映国际发展趋势3个层面,提出了生活垃圾回收利用率、生活垃圾资源化利用率、原生生活垃圾填埋率、物...     

生活垃圾绿色收运“漳州模式”

在分析国内常见生活垃圾收运模式,并重点研究杭州清洁直运、北京海淀区垃圾收集系统升级改造模式的基础上,结合漳州市城市特点,提出以桶桶对接、桶车对接作为垃圾的基本收运方式,以建设绿色收运中心作为重要转运设施,构建漳州市生活垃圾绿色收运模式。该模式的构建有效避免了漳州市垃圾收运过程中出现的垃圾遗撒、异味扩散及噪声扰民等现象,解决了垃圾转运设施落地难、易产生邻避效应的问题,提高了生活垃圾收运效率。     

上海市生活垃圾产生量预测方法研究

探讨了经济发展、消费水平、人口因素对城市生活垃圾产生量的影响,建立并研究了GDP、TCE(总消费支出)、RTCE(与生活垃圾产出相关的消费支出)等预测模型,其中RTCE修正模型具有重要的应用价值。可以较准确地预测未来上海市生活垃圾产生量变化情况。     

城市生活垃圾系统化管理模式初探

介绍了城市生活垃圾系统化管理模式的基本概念,并基于产品生命周期、垃圾产生源以及管理体系利益相关方的角度分析了生活垃圾系统化管理模式的理论依据.同时,对城市生活垃圾系统化管理的目标、制定系统化管理规划的流程和关键因素进行了论述.     

城市生活垃圾填埋密度及其随深度分布规律

介绍了生活垃圾填埋密度的测定方法,基于苏州七子山垃圾填埋场现场测试数据及国外相关数据,探讨了垃圾填埋密度的主要影响因素,获得了该场垃圾填埋密度变化范围(510～1 730 kg/m3)及其随填埋深度增加而增大的规律,推荐了适合于我国南方城市生活垃圾场工程的密度-深度分布曲线。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.