80例老年人非小细胞肺癌临床分析

【目的】探讨老年晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）治疗效果和不良反应程度,为临床治疗NSCLC提供帮助。【方法】回顾性分析本科收治的晚期老年NSCLC80例,分析不同化疗方案及不同年龄段的治疗疗效和不良反应程度。【结果】联合用药方案总有效率为42．67％,控制率为90．67％;联合用药者不同年龄组的疾病控制率相比较差异无显著性;75岁以上年龄患者的血液学毒性和胃肠道不适反应比65～75岁患者的不良反应重,且差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。【结论】年龄并不是联合化疗的禁忌,对于PS评分和器官功能较好的老年晚期NSCLC采用以铂类为基础的两药联合化疗方案效果理想,75岁以上的老年患者其顺铂的用量为原始剂量的2／3。     

恩度联合化疗治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌25例临床护理

目的:探讨恩度(重组人血管内皮抑制素)联合含铂化疗方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效和不良反应护理。方法:将老年晚期NSCLC患者50例随机分为两组各25例,对照组采用NP方案(长春瑞滨+顺铂)治疗,观察组采用NP方案+恩度治疗,21 d为1个周期,2个周期治疗结束后对其疗效、生活质量及不良反应进行评价,并随访至少1年统计生存率。结果:观察组有效率为80.0%,6个月、12个月生存率分别为96.0%、88.0%,生活质量提高率为76.0%;对照组有效率为44.0%,6个月、12个月生存率分别为44.0%、20.0%,生活质量提高率为20.0%。以上两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:恩度联合化疗治疗老年晚期NSCLC,可提高患者疗效,延长生存期,提高生活质量,不良反应少。     

Non-small cell lung cancer therapy in the elderly

To date, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with the majority of lung cancers arising in the elderly. As a consequence, we can expect an increase in the number of older lung cancer patients considered suitable for chemotherapy in the near future. Elderly patients often have comorbid conditions and progressive physiologic reduction of organ function, which can make the selection of proper treatment daunting. Some patients will be able to tolerate chemotherapy as well as their younger counterparts, whereas others will experience severe toxicity and require treatment modifications. Thus, a major issue is effectively selecting patients suitable for standard or attenuated therapy. A comprehensive geriatric assessment performed at baseline is a useful tool that can help select the best treatment regimen to be administered to elderly patients. Until now, few trials have specifically focused on elderly patients affected by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly those with advanced disease; prospective elderly-specific studies in early stages are still lacking. High priority should be given to evaluating the role of new targeted therapies. Unfortunately, to date, clinical trials that include functional status and comorbidity as part of the geriatric assessment are rare. Future trials, specifically in the elderly population, should include these kinds of evaluations. The most recent therapies for the treatment of elderly patients with NSCLC will be discussed here.     

节拍化疗在晚期非小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

晚期非小细胞肺癌是当今世界难治的恶性肿瘤之一。目前,化疗是治疗非小细胞肺癌最常见的手段。然而,传统化疗在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时也会对正常细胞产生杀伤作用。为了解决这一问题,节拍化疗应运而生,其通过一种连续高频率、低剂量的给药方式,以抑制肿瘤血管的生成并抑制肿瘤生长。节拍化疗可以有效控制晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的疾病进展,延缓患者寿命,改善其生活质量。因此,节拍化疗已经成为治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有效的治疗方法。     

Advances in chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVES: To discuss the use of chemotherapy and targeted therapy for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). DATA SOURCES: Published articles, book chapters, and research papers. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy has improved both response and survival rates incrementally in patients with advanced NSCLC. Targeted therapy agents are now included in the treatment schema and are impacting overall survival in combination with chemotherapy for first-line therapy and as monotherapy for second- or third-line treatment. In recent years, chemotherapy has also shown efficacy in earlier stages of treatment, especially as adjuvant therapy after surgery. Additionally, elderly patients can tolerate platinum-based chemotherapy without significant toxicities; therefore, age should not be the only determining factor when deciding on treatment for an older person. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE: It is important for nurses to know and understand the background and rationale for many of the current treatments for NSCLC given today.     

Achievable complete remission of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Case report and review of the literature

Surgery is the first choice of treatment for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but few patients can be treated surgically because of either advanced disease or poor pulmonary function. Other therapies include radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as complementary and alternative therapies, usually with disappointing results. Bronchial artery infusion (BAI) is a manageable and effective method for treating advanced NSCLC. Outcome is good by BAI due to its repeatability and low toxicity. Icotinib hydrochloride is a newly developed and highly specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor and has been safely and efficiently used to treat advanced NSCLC. We herein report a 73-year-old patient with chronic cough, who was diagnosed with advanced NSCLC with the EGFR mutation of L858R substitution in exon 21, and treated with the combination of oral icotinib and BAI chemotherapy as the first-line therapy, which resulted in a satisfactory clinical outcome. Complete remission of advanced NSCLC can be achieved using the combination of oral icotinib and BAI chemotherapy.     

长春瑞滨联合奥沙利铂对中老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效分析

[目的]探讨长春瑞滨联合奥沙利铂（NL方案）治疗中老年患者晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效及相关不良反应.[方法]收集本院2007～2013年收治的56例中老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者临床资料.化疗方案为长春瑞滨25 mg/m2静脉推注,d1,d8;奥沙利铂130mg/m2静脉滴注,d2;21 d为1个周期,治疗最少2周期.观察患者的临床疗效及不良反应.[结果]联合用药化疗的总有效率为32.1％,患者的1年存活率为35.7％.药物的主要不良反应为乏力、白细胞减少、神经毒性、恶心呕吐等,但患者均可耐受.[结论]长春瑞滨联合奥沙利铂对中老年晚期NSCLC疗效确切,且患者的耐受性较好,值得临床推广.     

含铂双药方案治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性分析

目的观察顺铂联合长春瑞滨、多西他赛或吉西他滨治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性研究分别接受长春瑞滨+顺铂、多西他赛+顺铂和吉西他滨+顺铂方案化疗的114例老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效和副反应。结果 3组治疗的有效率分别为35.71%、39.39%、35.9%。副反应以骨髓抑制常见,白细胞减少3级以上者3组分别为26.2%、33.3%、23.1%,3级以上的血小板减少及贫血在全组病例发生率分别为5.26%、0.88%。结论年龄不是含铂双药化疗的禁忌,老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者可接受含铂的双药方案化疗,并能取得一定近期疗效。     

Chemotherapy for lung cancer

Chemotherapy is currently a primary treatment modality for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Combination chemotherapy of anticancer agents improves survival and mortality rather than chemotherapy with single agent. On the other hand, the role of chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is still controversial. Several meta-analysis demonstrated a small but significant survival benefit of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In the limited stage SCLC and locally advanced NSCLC, a combination of chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation was found to be superior to chemotherapy alone by several randomized trials and meta-analysis. Concurrent administration of anticancer agents with thoracic irradiation may be optimal treatment. In the last few years, several new agents have demonstrated antitumor activity against lung cancer and randomized trials of these drugs are now under way.     

参附注射液联合剂量密集化疗治疗老年晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的:探讨参附注射液联合剂量密集化疗治疗老年晚期胃癌的临床疗效。方法:将70例老年晚期胃癌患者按随机数字表分为对照组34例和治疗组36例。对照组采用常规剂量密集化疗,治疗组在此基础上联合参附注射液治疗。比较两组近期疗效、KPS疗效、毒副反应等指标。结果:两组缓解率、疾病控制率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但治疗组KPS评分改善情况显著优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组乏力、恶心呕吐、白细胞减少发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:参附注射液联合剂量密集化疗治疗老年晚期胃癌患者近期疗效肯定,且可降低患者化疗期间不良反应发生率,提高晚期胃癌老年患者的生活质量。     

Ramucirumab for the treatment of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT

Introduction: On 12 December 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ramucirumab for use in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.

Areas covered: This review discusses the best treatment strategy for ramucirumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor for patients with advanced NSCLC.

Expert opinion: The addition of ramucirumab to docetaxel in the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC who have progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy confers a 1.4-month improvement in overall survival, with an acceptable toxicity profile. The potential impact of the approval of the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)-blocking antibody nivolumab or pembrolizumab on the use of ramucirumab plus docetaxel in advanced NSCLC patient population is uncertain in clinical practice. In order to improve overall outcomes for patients with advanced NSCLC, both ramucirumab plus docetaxel and the PD-1-blocking antibody should be used in any treatment line.     

长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌38例临床观察

目的观察抗肿瘤国产药物长春瑞滨（盖诺）和顺铂联合化疗（NP方案）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效。方法采用NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）38例,男29例,女9例。病理类型以腺癌为主28例。Ⅲ期20例,Ⅳ期18例;初治25例,复治13例。结果部分缓解（PR）16例,稳定（SD）13例,进展（PD）9例,总有效率为42％。每周盖诺≥25mg／m^2的毒性主要为骨髓抑制,白细胞数下降为86．8％,Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度为18．4％,局部静脉炎发生率为52．6％。结论国产长春瑞滨替代进口诺维本＋顺铂治疗晚期NSCLC可行;其疗效确切,毒副反应较小。     

重组人P53腺病毒注射液联合化疗治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的近期疗效评价

目的探讨重组人P53腺病毒注射液联合化疗治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的近期临床疗效。方法收集晚期恶性肿瘤患者70例,采用重组人P53腺病毒注射液联合化疗方案治疗,评估患者的近期疗效及治疗前后肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、癌抗原199(CA199)和癌抗原153(CA153)水平。结果本组治疗有效率为55.7%,控制率为88.6%;治疗后鼻咽癌、胰腺癌、非小细胞肺癌和消化道癌的CEA水平均显著降低(P0.05);胰腺癌和消化道癌患者的CA199水平显著降低(P0.05),而鼻咽癌和非小细胞肺癌CA199水平无显著变化(P0.05);消化道癌CA153水平显著降低(P0.05);而鼻咽癌、胰腺癌和非小细胞肺癌患者CA153水平无显著变化(P0.05)。不良反应主要为化疗副性反应。结论重组人P53腺病毒注射液联合化疗治疗晚期恶性肿瘤具有显著近期疗效,能够改善患者的生存质量,毒副作用轻,值得推广应用。     

Toripalimab in an advanced non-small cell lung cancer patient with poor general condition after multiline treatment: a case report

Several clinical trials have proven that immunotherapy can improve survival and benefit non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In patients who progress after chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy can prolong overall survival compared with patients receiving single-agent chemotherapy. A 61-year-old man diagnosed with advanced NSCLC and without driver variants received first-line chemotherapy but experienced recurrence. During subsequent treatment, the disease progressed rapidly, and his general condition deteriorated; therefore, toripalimab monotherapy was initiated. Surprisingly, he responded well, and symptoms were relieved after several treatment cycles despite pseudoprogression, shown in chest images. For driver gene-negative NSCLC patients who progress after chemotherapy and who develop poor performance status (PS), ICIs are an option to alleviate symptoms and improve survival. Furthermore, immunotherapy in patients with pseudoprogression may also provide a survival benefit.     

吉非替尼治疗31例晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

【目的】探讨吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和毒副反应。【方法】选择晚期不能耐受化疗及不愿接受化疗的晚期NSCLC患者31例用吉非替尼治疗,直到病变进展或出现不可耐受的毒副反应而终止,观察其疗效和毒副反应。【结果】31例晚期NSCLC中,吉非替尼的有效率为38．7％,疾病控制率为61．3％,症状缓解率为38．7％,中位无进展生存期为4．5个月,中位生存期为10．5个月,1年生存率为35．3％。服药28d后卡氏（KPS）评分提高（18±5）分,主要的毒副反应为皮疹、皮肤瘙痒、腹泻和恶心呕吐,最常见的是皮疹和腹泻,多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度,对症处理后可缓解,未出现Ⅲ～Ⅳ度药物毒性反应。【结论】吉非替尼对于治疗不愿或不能接受传统细胞毒性药物化疗的晚期NSCLC疗效确切,可以显著改善临床症状和生活质量,毒副反应轻,且耐受性好。     

GP方案化疗前后加用平消片治疗中、晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的观察平消片合并GP方案（吉西他滨＋顺铂）化疗及单用GP方案化疗治疗中、晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的疗效及不良反应。方法选择80例接受化疗的中、晚期NSCLC患者随机分为单用化疗组（对照组）40例,化疗前后加用平消片组（治疗组）40例,治疗周期为21d,2个周期后评价短期疗效,平消片连服3个月以上。结果治疗组、对照组有效（完全缓解＋部分缓解）率分别为67.5%（27/40例）,45.0%（18/40例）,治疗组1、2年生存率分别为75.0%、62.5%,中位生存期450d;对照组1、2年生存率分别为70.0%、30.0%,中位生存期368d,两组有效率及2年生存率有显著差异（P〈0.05）。治疗组白细胞（WBC）下降占40.0%,血小板计数（BPC）下降占45.0%,对照组WBC下降占62.5%,BPC下降占67.5%。胃肠道反应恶心、呕吐发生率治疗组45.0%,对照组67.5%,两组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论平消片合用GP方案联合治疗中、晚期NSCLC,疗效显著,毒副作用减少,能增加机体免疫功能及抗癌能力,提高生存率和生存质量。     

多西他赛单药一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的探讨多西他赛单药一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及安全性。方法将60例老年晚期NSCLC初治患者作为治疗组,另选同期初治拒绝接受化疗患者30例作为对照组。治疗组予多西他赛单药治疗,对照组予最佳支持治疗。比较2组近期疗效、远期疗效、生活质量及毒性反应。结果治疗组有效率、临床受益率显著高于对照组,中位TTP（5.8个月）、中位OS（11.2个月）较对照组（2.6个月、4.6个月）显著延长;治疗组1年生存率（40.0%）显著高于对照组（10.0%）;治疗组药物毒性反应较轻。结论多西他赛单药一线治疗晚期NSCLC患者安全有效,值得临床推广应用。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗进展

肺癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约占85%,且大部分NSCLC患者在确诊时疾病已进展至晚期,病死率较高。近年来,临床对于晚期NSCLC的治疗已从传统的手术治疗、化学治疗、放射治疗、靶向治疗走向了免疫治疗。免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)治疗晚期NSCLC体现出了良好的抗肿瘤活性,尤其体现在细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4(CTLA-4)、程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)、程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)抑制剂。基于此,本文将重点综述CTLA-4、PD-1、PD-L1抑制剂在晚期NSCLC中的治疗进展,以期提高患者的临床获益率,为临床选择合理治疗方案提供参考。     

EGFR-TKI在EGFR突变非小细胞肺癌治疗中的应用现状及进展

表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变是非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中最常见的致癌驱动因素。表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKI）广泛应用于肺癌治疗中,特别是晚期NSCLC的一线治疗,与标准化疗相比,EGFR-TKI单药治疗已获得较好的疗效及耐受性。而EGFR-TKI在新辅助治疗、辅助治疗及晚期一线与其他药物联合治疗中的疗效尚未明确,获得性耐药成为了限制其疗效的主要问题。分子靶向治疗是驱动基因指导下的治疗,开启了非鳞非小细胞肺癌“个体化”与“精准”治疗时代。本文就EGFR-TKI治疗NSCLC的临床价值及耐药机制进行综述。     

榄香烯乳剂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察榄香烯乳剂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效与安全性。方法：将62例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为A组（榄香烯注射液＋化疗,32例）和B组（单纯化疗30例）;比较两组治疗前后肿瘤病灶、生活质量、T细胞亚群、血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖链抗原-125（CA-125）水平和不良反应发生情况。结果：2周期治疗结束后,A组生活质量评分较B组明显改善（P〈0.05）、A组有效率（31.25%）较B组（26.67%）明显升高（P〈0.05）;A组治疗后较治疗前CD3＋、CD4＋细胞、CD4＋/CD8＋比值升高（P〈0.01）;CD8＋细胞明显下降。而B组治疗后患者CD3＋、CD4＋细胞、CD4＋/CD8＋比值较治疗前降低（P〈0.05）;CD8＋细胞升高,但无统计学差异。与治疗后B组相比,A组血清CEA、CA-125明显减低,（P〈0.01）;B组治疗后CEA、CA-125也较治疗前减低,但无统计学差异。不良反应A组较B组减轻。结论：榄香烯注射液联合化疗可改善晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的生活质量,提高疗效。