学龄前儿童膳食营养与缺铁性贫血的关系研究

[目的]探讨学龄前儿童膳食营养与缺铁性贫血(IDA)的关系。[方法]采用配对t检验分析儿童膳食营养与IDA_的关系；采用因子分析和Logistic回归模型分析膳食中营养素与IDA的关系。[结果]贫血儿童与非贫血儿童(动物类 蔬菜 水果类食物)／(谷类 豆类食物)的比值、(蔬菜 水果类)／(谷类 豆类食物)的比值的差别有统计学意义(分别为Z=2．17，P=0．03和Z=2．04，P=0．04)。贫血组儿童两种比值的中位数为1．4l和0．84，P2.5～P97．5为0．43～7．99和0．07～6．03；非贫血组儿童两种比值的中位数为1．57和1．00，P25～P97．5为0．42～10．71B和0．18～6．32，贫血组比值较非贫血组低；贫血组儿童两种比值的Qu-QL为1．34和0．96，而非贫血组儿重为1．21和0．95；贫血组儿童两种比值的QU-QL较非贫血组儿童高，离散度较大。膳食中VitA、VitB2、VitC的摄人越多，患贫血的危险性越低。[结论]学龄前儿重多食动物类食物及蔬菜、水果类食物，且它们与谷类和豆制品类食物必须达到一定的比例。膳食中VitA、VitB2、VitC的摄人越多，患贫血的危险性越低。     

膳食结构与儿童缺铁性贫血的关系

缺铁性贫血 (IronDeficiencyAnemia ,IDA)是由于体内铁缺乏致使血红蛋白合成减少而引起的贫血。IDA是世界范围内广泛存在的营养性疾病 ,患病人数达 12亿人之多〔1〕。在一些发展中国家 ,儿童IDA的患病率相当高 ,1998年世界卫生组织 (WHO)调查报告显示发展中国家的学龄儿童IDA患病率高达 46% 〔2〕。在我国大部分省市报道 6岁以下儿童IDA患病率为 3 0 %～ 40 % ,6～ 2 4月龄为高发群体〔3〕。IDA是影响我国学龄前儿童健康的严重问题。轻度贫血虽不会危及生命 ,但可能导致儿童生长发育迟缓 ,免疫功能低下 ,容易并发其他疾病。对儿童…     

幼儿膳食与缺铁性贫血的关系调查

铁是人体内不可缺少的微量元素之一 ,在机体代谢中 ,有着重要的地位 ,因为它参与氧的运载、交换和组织呼吸过程。如果膳食中长期缺铁 ,人体就会引起缺铁性贫血 (ＩｒｏｎＤｅｆｉｃｉｅｎ ｃｙＡｎａｅｍｉａＩＤＡ) ,而缺铁性贫血又是当今世界上普遍存在的营养缺乏症之一。我国对 8个省市 7799名幼儿的调查结果表明 ,血红蛋白小于 11ｇ/ｄｌ的幼儿约占 3 9 9%。研究表明 ,ＩＤＡ对机体产生多方面的影响 ,不仅妨碍智能发育 ,使学生能力下降 ,还削弱免疫功能 ,限制人体的活动能力 ,幼儿缺铁会出现行为异常 :疲乏、烦躁、反应迟钝、学习能力及…     

应用平衡膳食防治儿童缺铁性贫血研究

目的应用平衡膳食防治儿童缺铁性贫血。方法研究制订儿童平衡膳食的简便方法,通过学习班培训幼儿园保健医生,使之在幼儿园得以应用;从1990年至2000年系统观察应用平衡膳食较好的23所幼儿园儿童贫血患病率,每年定期用氰化高铁法测定小儿血红蛋白;数据经趋势性χ2检验。结果儿童缺铁性贫血患病率1990年为23.98%,应用平衡膳食后,逐年下降,2000年下降为0.55%,线性趋势有显著性意义(χ2趋势=645600.18P<0.01)。结论平衡膳食防治儿童缺铁性贫血安全、有效,值得推广和普及。     

合理膳食调配对幼儿缺铁性贫血影响的研究

缺铁性贫血（ＩＤＡ）为儿童时期的常见疾病,与膳食营养有很大关系。针对幼儿缺铁性贫血的主要原因,并考虑影响机体铁吸收的因素,我们采用增加动物性铁的摄入量,并在食用时配以富含Ｖｃ的食物的措施,以促进幼儿血色素的提高,实验为期三个月（１９９１．１０～１９９...     

武汉市近郊缺铁性贫血儿童的膳食调查

以武汉市近郊7～12岁缺铁性贫血儿童为对象，用24小时回顾法进行了连续5天的膳食调查与分析。结果表明．7—12岁儿童缺铁性贫血发病的主要原因是膳食结构不合理．动物性食品摄入量过少，新鲜蔬菜和水果摄入量不足。将热能及各种营养素的摄入量与RDA进行比较，除铁元素外，均低于RDA的80％，表现为明显的不足。同时发现，不良饮食习惯也是发生缺铁性贫血的重要原因。     

广西居民缺铁性贫血与膳食营养素摄入关系的研究

目的了解广西城乡居民缺铁性贫血与膳食营养素摄入量之间的相互关系,为开展营养健康教育提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取广西8个市(县)共2865人,膳食调查采用连续3日24小时个人膳食询问法;用氰化高铁法测量血红蛋白。结果广西城乡居民膳食中铁的供给量普遍高于推荐量,而钙、钾、镁、视黄醇当量、维生素B1、维生素B2等均低于推荐量。另外,农村居民膳食中蛋白质、锌、硒、维生素C等均低于推荐量。结论广西居民缺铁的根本原因是膳食铁的吸收率太低和饮食习惯的不合理,而不是膳食铁的供应量不够。维生素A等营养素的缺乏也是导致我区居民缺铁性贫血的原因之一。     

合理膳食干预防治儿童缺铁性贫血

缺铁性贫血是小儿最常见的营养缺乏性疾病,可导致儿童体力(尤其是耐力)、记忆力和思维能力下降,注意力不集中以及因免疫水平降低而诱发的各种感染[1].作者于2004～2007年对辖区内幼儿园进行儿童保健专项检查,发现部分幼儿园因各种原因未坚持实行代量食谱,针对发现的问题结合4年儿童查体统计原始资料进行分析,观察儿童缺铁性贫血患病的动态变化,为预防儿童贫血提供干预依据.     

维生素A在铁缺乏及缺铁性贫血治疗中的作用

近几年研究发现维生素A缺乏与铁缺乏具有显著的相关性,维生素A治疗缺铁性贫血和铁缺乏也取得了较好的临床效果.本文就维生素A缺乏与铁缺乏的相关性和作用机制,以及维生素A治疗缺铁性贫血的临床疗效和研究进展进行了综述,为维生素A用于儿童缺铁性贫血的防治提供依据,同时为降低我国儿童缺铁性贫血及铁缺乏的发病率提供更有效的防治措施.     

Multiple contributors to iron deficiency and anemia in Senegal

Abstract

Background Anemia, especially due to iron deficiency early in pregnancy, has adverse consequences on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods A cross-sectional study of 480 pregnant women in their second trimester was conducted in Senegal's capital, Dakar. Eighty women were selected per health center. Parasitological, dietary, and genetic factors were assessed to ascertain their relationship to anemia status and etiology.

Results Thirty-nine percent of the women were anemic; only 12–13% of the women had any parasite. Daily heme iron was reported in 35% of women, but intake amounts were low. Intakes of iron inhibitors were frequently consumed. Mean hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were significantly higher and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels were lower in women who consumed iron inhibitors less frequently.

Conclusions Results of this study can improve the current antenatal program in Senegal and similar West African countries. Educating about dietary iron inhibitors and encouraging patient compliance can be significant contributors to reducing anemia in pregnancy.     

Nursing care to pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia

This study was carried out with the following objectives: to set up a protocol of data survey and nursing diagnosis, and to detect the most frequent nursing diagnosis among pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. The protocol was applied in 52 nursing visits to pregnant women who presented hemoglobin values lower than 11.0 g/dl. The most frequent nursing diagnosis were: altered nutrition, risk to infection, impaired maintenance of the home; knowledge deficit on adequate feeding; risk to fetal injury regarding decrease in uteroplacental perfucion; non-compliance risk. Based on nursing diagnoses, interventions and nursing expected results with its application were planned.     

Correct assessment of iron depletion and iron deficiency anemia

OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency anemia is caused by decreased production of red blood cells (RBCs) and is characterized by a reduction in either the hematocrit (Ht) or the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb). It is detected by blood iron status measures that are below population reference standards and also below the "usual or normal" levels for an individual. In some medicine practices, usually only hemoglobin and hematocrit are routinely measured with a full blood count, without measuring the indicators of iron status. Biochemical measures that are collected on single occasion are difficult to interpret in individuals, and normal ranges of hemoglobin and hematocrit do not necessarily confirm an iron deficiency condition, because they decrease only when severe iron depletion is present and are often unreliable or misleading. Thus, iron-depleted individuals can quickly develop iron deficiency if not detected early. METHODS: Information from hematological laboratory tests records on female patients at reproductive ages were collected and analysed. RESULTS: In this study, measurement of general test for anemia in some individuals revealed normal levels of RBCs count, Hb, Ht, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and cell morphology, whereas the levels of parameters of iron depletion and iron deficiency anemia such as serum iron and ferritin showed reduced values. The results indicate that individuals who are ordered cell blood count (CBC) measures alone without examining the indicators of iron status (Group C vs Group D) may not be correctly assessed with a definitive diagnosis and categorized as normal individuals. But in fact, they are susceptible to iron depletion and could develop iron deficiency anemia. CONCLUSIONS: In evaluation of iron deficiency status it is important that total CBC test be accompanied by the other tests of iron status to pinpoint true iron deficiency. Otherwise, many cases may be missed out and misdiagnosed as normal individuals.     

铁调素与早产儿缺铁性贫血的研究现状

缺铁性贫血(IDA)是早产儿生后面临的最主要挑战之一.IDA严重影响早产儿的体格生长、免疫功能及神经系统发育.目前,尚无早期诊断早产儿IDA的特异性指标,并且对于早产儿IDA亦缺乏统一诊断和治疗标准.对于铁调素测定,可以早期特异性反映早产儿体内铁状态变化,并且可用于早期诊断早产儿IDA,而且敏感度及特异度均较高,还可为...     

成人缺铁性贫血调查分析

目的缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia,IDA)是最常见的贫血,严重影响着人类的健康。本研究通过对IDA患者的病例进行分析,总结其人口学特征、病因和实验室检查情况,为IDA预防和诊治提供参考依据。方法选取2014-04-01-2017-04-01齐齐哈尔市第一医院收治的494例成人IDA患者为调查对象,收集患者临床资料进行回顾分析,分析成人IDA患者人口学特征、病因及实验室检查结果。结果 494例成人IDA患者中,男134例(27.1%),女360例(72.9%);年龄18～45岁171例(34.6%),45～60岁188例(38.1%),60岁135例(27.3%);城镇人口居多,为299例(60.5%),农村人口为195例(39.5%)。男性以胃肠道疾病为主要病因,女性以月经多为主要病因,老年患者胃肠道恶性肿瘤比例较高。实验室检查结果显示,血小板数增多检出率为55.3%,红细胞平均体积与血小板数量呈负相关,r=-0.211,P0.001;骨髓巨核细胞增多检出率高,为89.1%,骨髓增生明显活跃的检出率随贫血程度加重呈上升趋势,P=0.002。结论成人IDA患者主要以胃肠道疾病和女性月经过多为主要病因,对于成人男性患者及非月经增多所致的女性患者,尤其针对中老年患者,胃肠镜检查对确定IDA病因十分重要。对血小板增多的IDA患者临床医生需注意鉴别。