Z径路法结合留置气泡技术减轻注射用鼠神经生长因子肌内注射时疼痛的效果评价

目的探讨Z径路法结合留置气泡技术在减轻注射用鼠神经生长因子肌内注射时疼痛的效果。方法选择我院神经内科接受肌内注射鼠神经生长因子患者298例,第1天用常规肌内注射法注射,第2天用Z径路法结合留置气泡技术注射,比较两次患者疼痛评分(NRS)及注射后5min药液渗出情况。结果 Z径路法结合留置气泡技术在肌内注射时产生的中重度疼痛率及注射后5min药液渗出率均明显低于常规肌注法(P0.01)。结论 Z径路法结合留置气泡技术可有效缓解注射用鼠神经生长因子肌内注射时的疼痛,且可以降低药液渗出率。     

Z型注射法结合留置气泡技术用于罂粟碱肌内注射的效果观察

目的：探讨将Z型注射法结合留置气泡技术应用在罂粟碱肌内注射的效果。方法：将需肌内注射罂粟碱给药的64例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各32例,对照组使用常规肌内注射法,观察组使用Z型注射法结合留置气泡技术注射罂粟碱。比较两组患者疼痛评分,硬结、红肿、渗液发生率。结果：观察组疼痛VAS评分低于对照组,注射后硬结、红肿、渗液发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：Z型注射法结合留置气泡技术应用于罂粟碱注射,能够有效减少注射部位疼痛,降低注射部位局部硬结、红肿、渗液发生率。     

不同技术肌内注射黄体酮避免药液回渗的效果评价

[目的]探讨最佳操作技术以减少和避免黄体酮肌内注射后回渗。[方法]将608例在我院门诊注射黄体酮治疗的病人随机分成4组,分别采用常规法、留置气泡技术、Z径路技术、Z径路加留置气泡技术进行注射,观察比较四种注射方法发生的药液回渗率以及黄体酮注射剂量对药液回渗率的影响。[结果]黄体酮不同肌内注射方法的药液回渗率比较差异有统计学意义,且与注射剂量相关(P0.01或P0.05);药液回渗率由高到低依次为常规肌注法、留置气泡技术、Z径路技术、Z径路加留置气泡技术。[结论]Z径路加留置气泡技术简单易行,可提高用药剂量的准确性,减少药物浪费,降低相关并发症发生,是黄体酮肌内注射减少和避免药液回渗的最佳给药途径。     

Z径路法结合留置气泡技术减轻缩宫素肌肉注射时疼痛的效果评价

目的 探讨Z径路法结合留置气泡技术用于减轻缩宫素肌肉注射时疼痛的效果.方法 选择2010年1～12月于本院自然分娩,产后子宫缩复不良的产妇50例,按常规法和Z径路法结合留置气泡技术,分别在每例患者两侧臀部各肌肉注射缩宫素1次.比较2种方法注射后15 min药液外溢情况及局部疼痛程度.结果 Z径路法结合留置气泡技术注射缩宫素发生药液外溢率为4%,产生疼痛率为10%;使用常规肌肉注射法,发生药液外溢率为16%,产生疼痛率为26%.2种方法在药液外溢和局部疼痛方面比较差异显著.结论 与常规法比较,Z径路法结合留置气泡技术可以有效减轻缩宫素肌肉注射时引起的疼痛.     

Z径路法结合留置气泡技术减轻缩官素肌肉注射时疼痛的效果评价

目的探讨Z径路法结合留置气泡技术用于减轻缩宫素肌肉注射时疼痛的效果。方法选择2010年1～12月于本院自然分娩,产后子宫缩复不良的产妇50例,按常规法和Z径路法结合留置气泡技术,分别在每例患者两侧臀部各肌肉注射缩宫素1次。比较2种方法注射后15min药液外溢情况及局部疼痛程度。结果Z径路法结合留置气泡技术注射缩宫素发生药液外溢率为4％,产生疼痛率为10％;使用常规肌肉注射法,发生药液外溢率为16％,产生疼痛率为26％。2种方法在药液外溢和局部疼痛方面比较差异显著。结论与常规法比较,Z径路法结合留置气泡技术可以有效减轻缩宫素肌肉注射时引起的疼痛。     

肌内注射黄体酮局部不良反应及护理措施

目的分析针对性护理对肌内注射黄体酮局部不良反应的护理效果。方法选取2016年6月~2017年12月我院168例IVF-ET术后患者,均采用Z径路肌内注射法配合留置气泡技术进行肌内注射黄体酮,并采取针对性护理措施。观察不良反应发生情况。结果 168例患者治疗后不良反应:出现轻度硬结者130例、中度硬结者33例、重度硬结者5例,其中伴有皮肤红肿者9例、伴有皮肤痒者3例、伴有药液外渗者3例。结论肌内注射黄体酮后,应根据不良反应发生的原因采取针对性护理措施,可缓解患者疼痛和不适,明显降低患者的局部不良反应。     

Z径路肌内注射方法对学龄期患儿注射不良反应及恐惧心理的影响

目的:探讨Z径路肌内注射方法对学龄期患儿注射不良反应及恐惧心理的影响。方法:将120例学龄期患儿随机分为研究组和对照组各60例,研究组采用Z径路肌内注射方法,对照组采取常规肌内注射方法。比较用药后72 h内注射部位不良反应发生情况,应用自制恐惧头像模拟评分进行注射前后恐惧心理评估。结果:研究组注射后局部药液外溢、皮下硬结、局部感染、组织变形、皮下血气肿、疼痛等方面与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者恐惧评分明显低于对照组,治疗后心理状况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:Z径路肌内注射方法能够减少患儿注射后局部不良反应,提高患儿心理舒适度。     

Z-track肌内注射法结合留置气泡技术在注射黄体酮中的应用

目的观察Z-track肌内注射法结合留置气泡技术在黄体酮注射治疗中的效果。方法86例注射黄体酮患者,同一患者一侧采用Z-track肌内注射法结合留置气泡技术、一侧采用常规肌内注射法;观察不同注射方法药液外溢、疼痛、瘙痒、红肿等局部不良反应发生情况。结果用Z-track肌内注射法结合留置气泡技术时,局部不良反应12例、发生率13.95%,用常规肌内注射法,局部不良反应28例,发生率32.56%,两种方法药液外溢、疼痛发生率比较有统计学意义。结论黄体酮肌内注射宜采用Z-track肌内注射法结合留置气泡技术。     

改良肌内注射利多卡因对缓解生长因子注射痛的效果

目的观察改良肌内注射利多卡因对缓解生长因子注射痛的效果。方法便利抽样法选择2011年1-12月在温州医科大学附属第二医院接受鼠神经生长因子肌内注射治疗的120例患者为研究对象,按入院先后将其分为分为空白对照组（C）、利多卡因组（L）、利多卡因＋留置气泡技术组（S）,每组40例。C组患者行鼠神经生长因子常规注射法;L组患者行鼠神经生长因子和利多卡因联合注射,采用常规肌内注射法;S组行鼠神经生长因子和利多卡因联合注射,并采用留置气泡技术行肌内注射。比较三组患者注射时疼痛情况及注射后疼痛缓解时间。结果注射时,S和L组、S与C组患者的疼痛程度的差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,而L和C组患者的疼痛程度的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。S和C组、L和C组患者的疼痛缓解时间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但S和L组患者比较,疼痛缓解时间的差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用改良肌内注射利多卡因可有效缓解肌内注射时疼痛程度,且疼痛缓解速度优于常规方法。     

三种肌内注射方法应用于水肿患者的动物实验及临床观察

目的:探讨三种肌内注射方法应用于水肿患者的临床效果,为选择适合水肿患者的注射方法提供依据。方法:选取30例成年水肿大鼠进行动物实验和36例水肿患者进行临床观察,分别采用Z径路注射法、常规注射法及气泡封堵注射法进行肌内注射。结果:Z径路肌内注射法与常规肌内注射法在防止药液外渗方面的效果差异有统计学意义(P0.05);气泡封堵肌内注射法与常规肌内注射法在减少组织变形方面的效果差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Z路径肌内注射法及气泡封堵肌内注射法用于水肿患者的效果优于常规肌内注射法。     

几种改良肌注方法在无痛注射中的研究现状

通过分析造成传统肌肉注射疼痛的原因，探讨几种缓解患者肌肉注射疼痛的不同方法。如按捏手法、按压法、调整进针角度法、控制进针深度法、使用局麻药物控制法、气泡封堵注射法、Z路径肌肉注射法、耳穴压豆法、两针头法、音乐疗法等在临床护理操作中的应用原理，同时比较各种方法的优缺点，根据患者不同的特质，选择适宜的肌肉注射的方法，从而最大程度减轻患者的注射疼痛，提高护理质量满意度。     

Are non-pharmacological nursing interventions for the management of pain effective?— A meta-analysis*

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of a non-pharmacological intervention on the management of pain was conducted Forty-nine relevant primary studies were identified and retrieved Individual mean pain scores from these studies were converted to standardized effect sizes and meta-analyses were conducted Although there is evidence, in the form of primary studies, to suggest that non-pharmacological nursing interventions are effective in the management of pain, the 49 studies, pooled in this meta-analysis, were too heterogeneous to detect a difference between the treatment and control groups reliably There is a need to rigorously test these interventions in the form of primary RCTs     

3种肌内注射缩宫素方法对患者疼痛程度的影响

目的观察3种肌内注射缩宫素方法对患者疼痛程度的影响。方法将90例患者随机分为3组,每组各30例及各100例次,分别采用常规注射法、留置气泡注射法、0.9%生理盐水稀释注射法对3组患者进行肌内注射缩宫素。比较3组患者注射后疼痛程度和局部反应情况。结果 3组患者肌内注射缩宫素疼痛程度比较,P〈0.01,差异具有统计学意义,其中采用0.9%生理盐水溶液稀释法比其他两组肌内注射时疼痛程度明显减轻,但是3组患者肌内注射缩宫素局部反应比较,P〉0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论采用0.9%生理盐水溶液稀释法肌内注射缩宫素能有效缓解患者疼痛程度,且安全可靠,不影响药物疗效,患者满意,值得临床推广应用。     

Using Buzzy,Shotblocker, and Bubble Blowing in a Pediatric Emergency Department to Reduce the Pain and Fear Caused by Intramuscular Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial

IntroductionProcedural pain in general, and intramuscular (IM) injection pain in particular, is one of the most distressing and painful health care experiences for children. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods are used as forms of pain control for children undergoing acute painful interventions in emergency departments.MethodsThis study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. The sample consisted of children aged 5 to 10 years old who required IM injections. Children were placed in 4 subgroups through randomization, using a computer program: the Buzzy (MMJ Labs. Atlanta, GA) group (n = 40), the ShotBlocker (Bionix Development Corporation, Toledo, OH) group (n = 40), the bubble-blowing group (n = 40), and the control group (n = 40). Immediately before and after the injection, the children, their parents, and an observer were asked to evaluate the child’s level of fear. The Oucher scale was also employed by the observers, children, and parents immediately after the procedure to assess the level of pain in the children in each group.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was determined between the control and intervention groups in terms gender, age, previous pain experienced with injection, the parent who was with the child, the parent’s age. A significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups in terms of levels of pain and fear during IM injection. Pain and fear were notably less in the group of children receiving the Buzzy intervention.DiscussionThe Buzzy intervention should be used when children are undergoing IM injections to reduce their levels of pain and fear.     

Intramuscular injection techniques

The administration of intramuscular (IM) injections is an important part of medication management and a common nursing intervention in clinical practice. A skilled injection technique can make the patient's experience less painful and avoid unnecessary complications.     

缓解肌肉注射时疼痛的方法

综述了缓解肌肉注射时疼痛的方法如改进技术操作或通过音乐疗法、暗示疗法、认知疗法、默想法来缓解疼痛。对于肌肉注射刺激性大的药物可通过稀释药液局部皮肤处理等缓解疼痛。     

缓解肌肉注射时疼痛的方法

综述了缓解肌肉注射时疼痛的方法，如改进技术操作或通过音乐疗法、暗示疗法、认知疗法、默想法来缓解疼痛。对于肌肉注射刺激性大的药物可通过稀释药液、局部皮肤处理等缓解疼痛。     

Efficacy of EMLA cream to reduce fear and pain associated with interferon beta-1a injection in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Fear of pain from injections may affect adherence to needed drug therapy. A single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of EMLA cream in reducing the fear and pain associated with intramuscular (IM) injection during administration of interferon beta-1a to patients with multiple sclerosis. Patients rated fear of injection on a visual analog scale before the injection and rated injection pain following the injection. With the application of EMLA cream, the mean pain-of-injection score was found to be significantly lower than the mean fear-of-injection score. The 18 patients who completed the study experienced a statistically significant decrease in both scores. This study suggests that the use of EMLA cream may reduce the pain and fear associated with IM injections.     

改良留置气泡技术对肌内注射药液外渗影响的研究

目的 探讨改良留置气泡技术对肌内注射药液外渗的影响.方法 选取在门诊注射室进行肌内注射的患者359例,按随机数字表法将研究对象分为3组,其中试验组120例、对照一组120例、对照二组119例.试验组采用改良留置气泡技术,对照一组采用留置气泡技术,对照二组采用常规肌内注射法,观察3组患者肌内注射操作药液外渗情况.结果 试...     

The effect on pain of three different methods of intramuscular injection: A randomized controlled trial

This paper is the report of a study to determine the effect on pain of internally rotating the foot, pointing the toes down and/or using the Z‐track technique during intramuscular injection and to investigate differences in pain perception related to gender and body mass index. A randomized controlled trial was carried out from September to November 2010 on 75 patients receiving diclofenac sodium intramuscularly at a university hospital in Zonguldak, Turkey. The primary outcome measure collected was pain intensity, measured on a visual analogue scale. Each subject received three injections by the same investigator using three different techniques. The three techniques were randomly allocated, and the subjects were blinded to the injection technique being used. After each injection, another investigator, who had no prior knowledge of which injection technique was used, immediately assessed pain intensity using the visual analogue scale. Research findings demonstrated that the Z‐track and internally rotated foot techniques significantly reduced pain intensity during intramuscular injection. Statistically significant differences in pain intensity were observed between the three injection techniques. The results supported the hypothesis that the internally rotated foot and Z‐track techniques significantly reduce pain intensity.