待退伍军人心理健康状况调查

目的：研究待退伍军人的心理健康状况，为部队政治、卫生工作提供依据。方法：对某部退伍前610名老兵进行SCL-90及EPQ测试，将结果与中国正常人常模及中国军人常模进行比较。结果：老兵组的SCL-90总分≥160分51人（8.5％），因子分≥3的因子有躯体化（1.3％）、人际关系敏感（1.2％）、焦虑（1.3％）；SCL-90总分、因子分、阳性项目数均低于中国军人常模，差异非常显著；除躯体化、精神病性两因子外，SCL-90总分、因子分、阳性项目数和其余7个因子均低于中国正常人常模，有非常显著的差异。结论：待退伍军人的心理健康状况优于现役军人和中国正常人常模。心理问题的发生与老兵的个性特征及社会支持有关。     

驻舰艇军人心理状况与人格特征的相关研究

目的:探讨驻舰艇军人心理健康状态及相关因素。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)评估海军某水面舰艇200名驻舰航行(长航)前后的心理健康状况。结果:长航前,除人际关系因子外,驻舰军人SCL-90总分及其他因子分均较男性军人常模显著低(P<0.01)。长航后SCL-90总分及各因子分均有所提高,其中总分、躯体化、焦虑、恐惧及精神病性因子分变化有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。驻舰军人EPQ各分量表得分与男性常模比较差异均无显著性(P均>0.05)。SCL-90各因子分与EPQ精神质、神经质呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与掩饰性呈显著负相关(P<0.01);而人际关系、抑郁、恐惧因子分与内外向呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:驻舰军人心理健康水平较好。人格特征与应激状态下心理健康水平关系密切。     

男性服刑人员的心理状况与人格特征的相关性

目的 探讨济南市监狱男性服刑人员的心理状况及相关影响因素.方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）对550名监狱男性服刑犯进行调查.结果 研究组SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于全国常模（P＜0.01）;EPQ的精神质、内外向、神经质分量表评分均高于全国常模（P＜0.01）;掩饰性分量表评分低于全国常模（P＜0.01）.研究组SCL-90总分及所有因子分与EPQ分量表精神质（P）维度、神经质（N）维度呈正相关（P＜0.01）;SCL-90总分及除敌对及偏执因子外所有因子分与内外向（E）维度呈负相关（P＜0.05）;SCL-90总分及除躯体化因子外所有因子分与掩饰性（L）维度呈负相关（P＜0.05）.多元线性回归显示婚姻状况、犯罪类型和EPQ的神经质（N）、内外向（E）、精神质（P）进入SCL-90阳性症状的回归方程.结论 服刑人员存在较多的心理健康问题,在人格特征上存在高精神质、高神经质、高外倾性和低掩饰性的特点,其影响因素较多.     

民航飞行员的个性心理特征研究

目的探讨民航飞行员个性特点倾向及心理健康状况。方法对某公司飞行部94名现役飞行员用EPQ问卷(成人版)及SCL-90进行调查,并与全国常模比较。结果民航飞行员P、N分明显低于常模,E分明显高于常模,并具有显著性差异(P<0.005)。在SCL-90各项因子得分上均低于常模,除恐怖因子外,其余各因子得分比较都具差异显著性(P<0.005)。结论民航飞行员具有良好的个性特征及良好的心理健康状态。     

军人失眠症患者的心理健康状况及影响因素调查

目的:探讨军人失眠症患者的心理健康状况与人格特征、社会支持和应对方式的关系.方法:采用一般情况调查表、90项症状清单(SCL-90)、艾森克个性测验(EPQ)、社会支持量表(SSRS)和简易应对方式问卷对48名军人失眠症患者进行问卷调查. 结果:①军人失眠症患者SCL-90总分及各因子均显著高于军人常模,其中以躯体化、人际敏感和焦虑尤为突出(P＜0.01);②军人失眠症患者的EPQ-N、消极应对与SCL-90各因子呈显著正相关,EPQ-E、主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度和社会支持总分与SCL-90各因子呈显著负相关(P＜0.05或0.01).③回归分析显示,军人失眠症患者SCL-90总分有显著性影响的因素由大到小依次为EPQ-N、自责、主观支持、社会支持利用度和婚恋. 结论:军人失眠症患者心理健康状况可能受个性、对应方式、社会支持及婚恋等的综合影响.     

入伍新战士心理健康分析

目的 探讨入伍新战士心理健康及相关因素，为部队心理卫生工作提供科学依据。方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL一90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)，对703名入伍新兵进行心理健康及个性别评和背景资料调查。结果 新兵SCL一90总体水平：总分＞160分占12．23％，各因子分＞3分占0．57％一3．28％。其中强迫、焦虑2个因子分高于常模。背景资料分析：南北籍战士，独生子女与多生子女，城乡比较某些因子有显性差异。心理健康与EPQ的P、N维度呈高度正相关，与EPQ的E、L维度呈高度负相关。结论 新兵心理健康与社会因素及性格有关，应掌握新战士的心理特点开展心理卫生工作。     

幼儿教师心理健康状况调查

目的研究幼儿教师心理健康状况。方法对本地区302名幼儿教师进行SCL-90和EPQ测试，将结果与全国常模进行比较。结果幼儿教师SCL-90总分≥160分34人(11.9％)，因子分≥3的因子有人际关系敏感(12．2％)、抑郁(10．8％)、强迫(10．1％)、焦虑(9．4％)、敌对(6．3％)，各因子分均高于全国常模，差异非常显著。结论幼儿教师心理健康状况低于全国常模，心理问题的发生与幼儿教师的个性特征及压力有关。     

待退伍军人心理健康状况及应付方式的调查分析

目的了解待退伍军人的心理健康状况和应付方式,为待退伍军人心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表和应付方式问卷对待退伍军人及现役军人进行调查,分别回收有效问卷100份和105份,并比较待退伍军人、现役军人、中国军人常模的SCL-90及退伍军人与现役军人的应付方式各因子分。结果待退伍军人总体的SCL-90各因子分均低于现役军人及中国军人常模(P<0.05);应付方式问卷中,待退伍军人解决问题、求助因子分高于现役军人(P<0.05),自责、幻想、退避因子分低于现役军人(P<0.05),合理化因子分高于现役军人(P>0.05)。结论待退伍军人心理健康状况优于现役军人及中国军人常模,心理应付方式优于现役军人,多采用成熟应付方式。     

西安市公安局刑警心理健康状况与个性特征的相关研究

目的：为了解西安市公安局刑警的心理健康总体状况。方法：本研究使用SCL-90症状自评量表和艾森克人格问卷，对西安市公安局267名刑警进行了问卷测查。结果：表明被试除人际敏感因子以外，SCL-90其余8个因子的得分均显高于全国常模。得分为P维度分显高于全国常模，N维度分显低于全国常模。且SCL-90各因子分与N维度分呈显正相关，与E维度分呈显正相关，与P和L维度分相关不明显。结论：西安市公安局刑警的心理不健康症状较明显，且该症状和他们的个性特征密切相关。     

某部队基层战士的心理健康、应对方式及个性特征调查研究

目的调查分析某部队基层战士的心理健康、应对方式及个性特征。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)和艾森克人格测验问卷(EPQ)量表对某部队362名基层战士进行调查。结果 (1)362名基层战士的SCL-90除人际敏感与抑郁因子外,其余各因子评分均显著高于全国常模(P0.05),且人际敏感、抑郁、偏执评分显著低于军队常模(P0.05);(2)战士的SCSQ积极应对评分显著高于全国常模,而消极应对评分显著低于全国常模(P0.05);(3)基层战士的EPQ-E评分显著高于全国常模,EPQ-N与EPQ-P显著低于全国常模(P0.05),EPQ-L无明显差异(P0.05);(4)EPQ-N、EPQ-P与SCL-90各维度评分、消极应对呈显著正相关性,与积极应对呈显著负相关性(P0.05);EPQ-L维度与SCL-90各维度评分、消极应对呈显著负相关性(P0.05),与积极应对无明显相关性(P0.05);EPQ-E与SCL-90人际敏感、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、总评分及消极应对呈显著负相关性,与积极应对呈显著正相关性(P0.05)。结论基层战士的整体心理健康状况良好,个性属于外向稳定,普遍采取积极应对方式,应对方式及个性特征可直接或间接影响心理健康。     

视频脑电图在小儿癫痫诊断中的应用

目的评价视频脑电图(video-EEG)在小儿癫诊断中的应用价值。方法对126例具有发作性症状的患儿进行连续8h的包括清醒、睡眠、诱发试验及必要的认知测验的视频脑电图监测。结果经发作期视频脑电图证实,39例初诊为癫性发作的患儿中14例(35%)为非癫性发作;15例其他症状发作中13例(86%)为非癫性发作。64例样放电患儿中51例(80%)确定发作类型,22例(34%)确定癫类型。视频脑电图可发现短暂轻微的癫发作及样放电引起的一过性认知损伤。结论视频脑电图在排除非癫性发作、确定癫性发作的类型、评价脑电-临床关系方面可提供准确可靠的证据,进一步提高癫的临床诊断水平。     

Role of glutathione in repair of free radical damage in hippocampus in vitro.

Depletion of glutathione (GSH), an intrinsic antioxidant, increases vulnerability to free radical damage in a number of cell systems. This study investigates the role of GSH in limiting electrophysiological damage and/or recovery from free radical exposure in slices of guinea pig hippocampus. Synaptic potentials (PSPs) and population spikes (PSs) were recorded from field CA1. Free radicals were generated from 0.006% peroxide through the Fenton reaction. Analysis of the input-output curves showed that peroxide treatment decreased PSPs and impaired ability of the PSPs to generate PSs as previously reported. Recovery was nearly total within a half hour. Treatment with 5 mM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) for 2 h depleted hippocampal GSH to 79.2% of control values. The extent of free radical damage was not increased. Recovery, however, was only partial. GSH was further depleted by oxidation with diamide or covalent bonding with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) immediately before and during the peroxide treatment. Neither diamide nor DMF treatment in BSO-incubated tissue enhanced peroxide-induced electrophysiological deficits. Following these treatments, however, tissue showed little recovery from free radical damage. We conclude that glutathione is essential for repair processes in hippocampal neurons exposed to oxidative damage.     

Neuroprotective properties of memantine in different in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxicity

The pathogenesis of stroke, trauma and chronic degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been linked to excitotoxic processes due to inappropriate stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R). Attempts to use potent competitive NMDA-R antagonists as neuroprotectants have shown serious side-effects in patients. As an alternative approach, we were interested in the anti-excitotoxic properties of memantine, a well-tolerated low affinity uncompetitive NMDA-R antagonist presently used as an anti-dementia agent. We explored in a series of models of increasing complexity, whether this voltage-dependent channel blocker had neuroprotective properties at clinically relevant concentrations. As expected, memantine protected neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices or dissociated cultures from direct NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. However, low concentrations of memantine were also effective in neuronal (cortical neurons and cerebellar granule cells) stress models dependent on endogenous glutamate stimulation and mitochondrial stress, i.e. exposure to hypoxia, the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) or a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Furthermore, memantine reduced lethality and brain damage in vivo in a model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Finally, we investigated functional rescue (neuronal capacity to migrate along radial glia) by memantine in cerebellar microexplant cultures exposed to the indirect excitotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Potent NMDA-R antagonists, such as (+)MK-801, are known to block neuronal migration in microexplant cultures. Interestingly, memantine significantly restored the number of neurons able to migrate out of the stressed microexplants. These findings suggest that inhibition of the NMDA-R by memantine is sufficient to block excitotoxicity, while still allowing some degree of signalling.     

Knowledge of management of epilepsy in young adults in Jordan

PURPOSE: Nationwide studies on public knowledge of epilepsy have been undertaken in several countries, but not in Jordan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge of the management of epilepsy in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed during the period February-June 2005 on 16,044 individuals selected randomly to represent all regions of Jordan. Respondents were interviewed and asked to complete a five-item questionnaire testing their knowledge of the management of epilepsy. RESULTS: Most of the individuals (77.9%) agreed that patients with epilepsy are best treated in a specialized hospital for neurological diseases. Although the largest percentage of the sample (86.7%) agreed that the best person to treat epilepsy is a neurologist, others believed that a hypnotherapist (25.4%) or a religious healer (22.6%) is. As an immediate measure during an attack of epilepsy, most respondents (82.6%) agreed that protecting the patient's head is most important. During the postseizure period, 45.8% of respondents believed that offering the patient water or a cold or hot drink is appropriate. Two-thirds of the respondents (66.2%) agreed that epilepsy can be treated with drugs. Responses of the participants to the five items significantly differed with respect to age, gender, level of education, and occupation. CONCLUSION: Jordanians are reasonably well informed about most aspects of the management of epilepsy, but there is still a need for public education about this disorder.