玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿

目的:观察玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿的疗效。方法:经检眼镜、光相干断层扫描及荧光素眼底血管造影检查证实的糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿患者25例(25眼),玻璃体腔内注射40g/L的曲安奈德0.1mL,随访6mo,对比观察治疗前后视力、眼压及黄斑区视网膜厚度变化。结果:治疗后1,3,6mo,平均视力分别为0.20±0.15,0.35±0.20,0.21±0.18,与治疗前的0.08±0.04相比,其差异具有统计学意义;黄斑区视网膜厚度分别为360.7±50.2,263.2±60.1,313.5±86.4μm,与治疗前的463.4±105.1μm相比,其差异具有统计学意义。结论:玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿短期内能有效改善黄斑水肿,提高视力,但其长期疗效和安全性需进一步研究。     

玻璃体内注射曲安奈德联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗弥漫性糖尿病性黄斑水肿

目的　评价玻璃体内注射曲安奈德（ｔｒｉａｍｃｉｎｏｌｏｎｅａｃｅｔｏｎｉｄｅ,ＴＡ）联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗弥漫性糖尿病性黄斑水肿（ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｍａｃｕｌａｒｅｄｅｍａ,ＤＭＥ）短期的临床疗效和安全性。方法　将３５例（３９眼）弥漫性ＤＭＥ患者根据治疗方法不同分为２组,分别为单纯ＴＡ治疗组（２４眼）和联合治疗组（ＴＡ注射联合黄斑部格栅样光凝术,１５眼）。其中联合治疗组在ＴＡ注射１个月后行黄斑部格栅样光凝术,距ＴＡ注射术后３个月、６个月分别观察２组患者最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、彩色眼底照相、ＯＣＴ及并发症情况。结果　治疗后３个月,单纯ＴＡ治疗组和联合治疗组最佳矫正视力分别为０．１６±０．０８、０．１６±０．１７,黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度分别为（２７２．２±５９．４）μｍ、（２７９．０±９８．９）μｍ,眼压分别为（１５．４±４．３）ｍｍＨｇ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）、（１４．９±３．２）ｍｍＨｇ,２组间最佳矫正视力、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度和眼压比较差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）;治疗后６个月,单纯ＴＡ治疗组和联合治疗组最佳矫正视力分别为０．２７±０．０３、０．２８±０．１５,黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度分别为（２８９．２±３３．９）μｍ、（２４８．０±１０２．７）μｍ,眼压分别为（１５．５±２．３）ｍｍＨｇ、（１５．１±３．５）ｍｍＨｇ,２组间最佳矫正视力、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度和眼压比较差异亦均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。与治疗前视力相比,两组在治疗后３个月、６个月均有所提高,与治疗前黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度相比,两组均有所下降,与治疗前眼压相比,两组无明显变化。结论　与单纯ＴＡ注射相比,玻璃体内注射ＴＡ联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗弥漫性ＤＭＥ短期内疗效和安全性并不占据明显优势。鉴于本次病例观察时间较短,尤其再次治疗的患者例数较少,故其远期疗效、安全性仍有待大样本的长期观察。     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection as primary treatment for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal triamcinolone injection on the course of diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Forty-eight eyes of 48 diabetic patients were treated with 8 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone injection as the primary therapy for diabetic macular edema. The main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, fundus fluorescein angio- graphy, macular edema map values of Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph II (HRT II), and intraocular pressures before and after intravitreal injection. RESULTS: The visual acuity increased in 41 of 48 eyes (85.4%) during a mean follow-up time of 7.5 months. The mean baseline best-corrected logMAR (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution) value for visual acuities of the patients before intravitreal triamcinolone injection was 1.17+/-0.20. After treatment, it was 0.85+/-0.29 at 1 month, 0.73+/-0.30 at 3 months, and 0.74+/-0.31 at 6 months, and the differences were significant when compared with baseline values (for each, p<0.001). The mean edema map values significantly decreased by 36% at the 6-month examinations when compared with preinjection values (p<0.001). Average intraocular pressure rose 24.3%, 29.1%, and 11.8% from baseline at the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up intervals. Intraocular pressure elevation exceeding 21 mmHg was observed in 8 of 48 eyes (16.6%), but was controlled with topical antiglaucomatous medications in all eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone application provides significant improvement in visual acuity of diabetic patients and clinical course of macular edema, and may therefore be a promising approach in the primary treatment of diabetic macular edema.     

玻璃体腔注射曲氨奈德与bevacizumab 治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿疗效比较

目的 对比分析玻璃体腔注射曲氨奈德(TA)与抗血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体(bevacizumab)治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿(DME)的临床疗效.方法 经眼科常规检查和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查确诊,共68例82只眼DME患者纳入观察.患者被分成两组进行玻璃体腔注射TA(4mg/0.1ml)或bevacizumab(1.25mg/0.05ml)治疗.TA组37例45只眼,bevaicizumab组31例37只眼,两组在年龄、糖尿病病程、黄斑水肿病程、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、中心视网膜厚度(CMT)、眼压等方面均无显著差异.比较治疗后4、8、12周两组间BCVA、CMT、眼压的改变.结果 TA组与bevacizumab组在治疗后4 周、8周、12周时视力差异无统计学意义(t=-0.316,0.896、0.879,P=0.754、0.389、0.384).治疗后4周、12周时,TA组比bevacizumab组黄斑水肿有显著下降(t=-1.892、-3.007,P=0.036、0.004),8周时差异无统计学意义(t=-0.362,P=0.722).眼压在治疗后8周、12周时两组差异有统计学意义(t=2.334、2.600,P=0.026、0.015),TA组眼压明显高于bevacizumab组.结论 玻璃体腔注射TA比bevacizumab更早、更有效地降低糖尿病黄斑水肿,并且维持时间更长,此结果还需大样本、多中心的临床随机对照研究.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide use in diffuse persistent diabetic macular edema

PurposeTo determine the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone injections (iv TA) for diffuse persistent diabetic macular oedema (DMO) based on the functional parameter of modification in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the anatomic parameter of quantitative changes in central macular thickness, as determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The secondary outcome is to analyse the safety of the procedure.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 16 patients (22 eyes) were included over a period of six months. Type and time of evolution of diabetes mellitus, previous treatments, BCVA, lens status, intraocular pressure (IOP) and central macular thickness, were analysed. During the follow-up period were collected: number of injections, changes in BCVA, IOP, central macular thickness, and complications observed.ResultsImprovement in BCVA was recorded in 30.77%, 47.37% and 52.63%, at one, three and six months, respectively (P<.05 at 3 months). The IOP increased in 57.69% at one month, and 75 and 47.05%, at 3 and 6 months, respectively (P<.05 at 3 months). Progression of cataracts was found in 22.72%. No cases of endophthalmitis were observed.ConclusionsIntravitreal TA is a good therapeutic option for patients with persistent DMO, increasing BCVA and decreasing central macular thickness in the short term, with a percentage of clinical resolution of more than 70%. However, due to the transient effect, and potential adverse effects, it should be administered to selected refractory cases with caution.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for idiopathic cystoid macular edema

PURPOSE: To report intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for idiopathic cystoid macular edema (ICME). DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS:Two patients with ICME were treated with intravitreal triamcinolone. RESULTS: In one patient, best-corrected acuity was 20/70 before treatment and 20/30 6 months posttreatment in both eyes. Foveal thickness was 606 microm before and 197 microm posttreatment in the right eye and 542 microm before and 190 microm posttreatment in the left eye. In another patient, best-corrected acuity was 20/200 before treatment and 20/50 5 months posttreatment; foveal thickness was 580 microm before and 208 microm posttreatment. Recurrence of macular edema responded to repeat intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in both patients. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone may be associated with reduced edema and improved vision in patients with ICME; however, these changes may be transient.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema

PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcome of patients undergoing intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of long-standing cystoid macular edema after phacoemulsification. DESIGN: Prospective clinical interventional cases series studies. METHODS: The study included five patients suffering from cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. They received an intravitreal injection of 25-mg crystalline triamcinolone acetonide transconjunctivally with topical anesthesia. RESULTS: In the follow-up period of 6.6 +/- 4.1 months, visual acuity increased from 0.26 +/- 0.13 to a mean maximal visual acuity of 0.60 +/- 0.19. For all patients, visual acuity improved during the follow-up by at least 0.20. Two (40%) patients developed intraocular pressure values higher than 21 mm Hg, which could be controlled by topical antiglaucomatous treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may be a therapeutic option for long-standing cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery.     

玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗黄斑水肿的临床疗效观察

目的:评价玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德(TA)治疗黄斑水肿的疗效和安全性。方法:纳入45例50眼有黄斑持续水肿的病史,分为两组:TA组:23例25眼,接受玻璃体腔注射4mg(0.1mL)曲安奈德;对照组:22例25眼,接受黄斑格栅状光凝术,两组随访时间为6mo,分析两组治疗前及治疗后的最佳矫正视力、光学相干断层扫描检测黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度、10～2阈值检测程序行视野检查、及眼压的变化情况。结果:TA组在治疗后1、3mo平均最佳矫正视力、平均黄斑阈值敏感度、中心10°平均光敏感度比对照组值高,平均黄斑中心凹厚度比对照组值低(P<0.05),6moTA组的平均黄斑阈值敏感度高于对照组(P<0.05),其余三项指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。TA组治疗后14眼(56%)先后出现不同程度的高眼压,对照组患者治疗后发现有2眼(8%)(均为视网膜中央静脉阻塞)眼压升高现象,两组比较高眼压发生率有显著性差异(P=0.000),局部应用降眼压药物治疗可恢复至正常范围,其中部分高眼压患者需全身用药。结论:玻璃体腔内注射TA治疗黄斑水肿在0.5a内安全有效。     

Intravitreal versus posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To compare the short-term effects of intravitreal versus posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema. METHODS: This is a prospective and interventional study. Sixty eyes of 60 patients who had diffuse diabetic macular edema were assigned to receive a single intravitreal injection (4 mg) or a single posterior subtenon injection (40 mg) of triamcinolone acetonide. The central retinal thickness was measured using optical coherent tomography before injection and at 1 and 3 months after injection. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) were also measured. RESULTS: Both intravitreal and posterior subtenon injections of triamcinolone acetonide resulted in significant improvements in visual acuity at 1 month and 3 months after injection. Both groups resulted in a significant decrease in central macular thickness (CMT) at 1 month and 3 months post-injection. IOP in the intravitreal injection group was significantly higher than in the posterior subtenon injection group at 3 months after injection. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide had a comparable effect to the intravitreal triamcinolone injection and showed a lower risk of elevated IOP. Posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be a good alternative for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema.     

康柏西普联合曲安奈德球内注射治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿

目的：探讨康柏西普联合曲安奈德球内注射治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效。

方法：回顾性队列研究。合并黄斑水肿的糖尿病患者40例43眼,治疗前记录BCVA、IOP和OCT检查。根据治疗方式分为两组,A组患者给予玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合曲安奈德治疗,B组给予玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗。分别于治疗后1d,1、4、8、12、24wk记录BCVA、IOP和CMT及并发症等情况。

结果：A组治疗后不同时间点的视力与治疗前(0.83±0.03)相比均有差异(P<0.05),治疗8wk时达到最佳视力(0.23±0.04); 治疗后CMT与治疗前(612.4±47.6μm)有差异(P<0.05); 24wk内平均注射次数2.7次。B组治疗后不同时间点视力与治疗前(0.79±0.09)有差异(P<0.05),治疗4wk时达到最佳视力(0.25±0.06)。治疗后CMT与治疗前(597.8±62.4μm)有差异(P<0.05),24wk内平均注射次数3.6次。两组患者第一针与第二针治疗间隔时间有差异(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前后眼压无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：康柏西普联合曲安奈德球内注射治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿安全、有效、见效快,但疗效更持久,且可降低打针频率。     

玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿

目的:研究玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德(triamcinolone ace-tonide,TA)治疗糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿的有效性。方法:2004-06/2006-01确诊的31例(34眼)糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿患者,行玻璃体腔注射TA(4mg/0.1mL)治疗。对比分析治疗前后三个参数:最佳矫正视力、OCT检测黄斑中心凹厚度、眼压。随访时间3～10(平均6)mo。结果:患者31例(34眼),年龄50～75(平均63)岁。OCT检测黄斑中心凹厚度治疗前平均518±95μm,治疗随访6mo后平均220±89μm(P<0.05);最佳矫正视力范围治疗前为4.0～4.5,平均4.0±0.15,治疗后为4.1～4.6,平均4.3±0.15(P>0.05);所有患者眼压都有升高,升高值2.0～4.5(平均3.5)mmHg(P>0.05),但都在正常眼压范围之内。没有其他并发症发生。结论:玻璃体腔注射TA是治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿的有效方法,但患者的视力没有明显的提高。     

玻璃体腔曲安奈德注射联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿

目的 观察玻璃体腔曲安奈德注射(intravitrealal triamcinolone acetonide,IVTA)联合黄斑格栅样光凝(macular laser grid photocoagulation,MLG)治疗糖尿病性弥漫性黄斑水肿(diffuse diabetic macular edema,DME)的疗效.方法 对24例(26眼)DME患者行IVTA治疗,1m后联合MLG治疗.观察联合治疗前和联合治疗后(1、3、6、9、12)m时患者的视力、眼压、眼内炎性反应、晶体及眼底改变,同时应用光相干断层成像术(optic coherent tomography,OCT)测量黄斑区视网膜厚度.随访6m～18m(平均12m).结果 所有26眼中,有23眼(88.5%)视力提高,3眼(11.5%)视力不变.黄斑中心凹平均厚度联合治疗前为(556±189)μm,联合治疗后(1、3、6、9、12)m时分别为:(285±151)μm;(205±87)μm;(209±107)μm;(216±76)μm;(220±93)μm.联合治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).在本研究随访期间,所有患者未发生黄斑水肿复发.26眼中4眼(15.4%)术后暂时性眼压轻度升高,1眼(3.8%)白内障加重.结论 IVTA联合MLG可以有效地治疗DME,提高视力并减少黄斑水肿的复发.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To determine if intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide is safe and effective in treating diabetic macular edema unresponsive to prior laser photocoagulation. DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen eyes with clinically significant diabetic macular edema (CSME) that failed to respond to at least two previous sessions of laser photocoagulation. METHODS: Eyes were diagnosed with CSME and treated with at least two sessions of laser photocoagulation according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study guidelines. At least 6 months after initial laser therapy, the response was measured by clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Eyes with a residual central macular thickness of more than 300 microm (normal, 200 microm) and visual loss from baseline were offered intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide. The visual and anatomic responses were observed as well as complications related to the injection procedure and corticosteroid medication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity and quantitative change in OCT macular thickening were assessed. Potential complications were monitored, including intraocular pressure response, cataract progression, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and endophthalmitis. RESULTS: All patients completed 3 months of follow-up, and 8 of 16 patients (50%) completed 6 or more months of follow-up. Mean improvement in visual acuity measured 2.4, 2.4, and 1.3 Snellen lines at the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up intervals, respectively. The central macular thickness as measured by OCT decreased by 55%, 57.5%, and 38%, respectively, over these same intervals from an initial pretreatment mean of 540.3 microm (+/-96.3 microm). Intraocular pressure exceeded 21 mmHg in 5, 3, and 1 eye(s), respectively, during these intervals. One eye exhibited cataract progression at 6 months. No other complications were noted over a mean follow-up of 6.2 months. Reinjection was performed in 3 of 8 eyes after 6 months because of recurrence of macular edema. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone is a promising therapeutic method for diabetic macular edema that fails to respond to conventional laser photocoagulation. Complications do not appear to be prohibitive. Further study is warranted to assess the long-term efficacy and safety, and the need for retreatment.     

Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema: principles and practice

Diabetic retinopathy is fast emerging as a leading cause of newly diagnosed legal blindness amongst the working population. Macular edema, as it is commoner, accounts for more vision impairment than neovascular proliferation in diabetic patients. Laser photocoagulation, which is the standard treatment of macular edema, is associated with significant complications and an improvement in visual acuity is unsatisfactory. Intravitreal injection of corticosteroids (especially triamcinolone acetonide) is an emerging treatment modality in the management of diabetic macular edema. This article presents an overview of the principles, technique and complications associated with this procedure.     

玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿(英文)

目的:比较玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德和传统方法治疗视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的疗效。方法:共有21例因视网膜静脉阻塞导致黄斑水肿的患者纳入此项临床研究。接受治疗前所有的患者均进行了全面的眼科检查,并随机分为两组。实验组9例患者进行玻璃体腔注射4mg曲安奈德治疗;对照组12例患者接受传统方法治疗。结果:治疗前,对照组视力(logMAR)为1.20±0.38,而实验组为1.64±0.31。治疗后1mo,对照组的视力改善到0.98±0.54(logMAR),而曲安奈德治疗组改善到0.87±0.61(logMAR)。实验组和对照组之间视力改善有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:研究结果显示,尽管实验组和对照组的患者视力均有改善,但治疗视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿,玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德比传统方法更有效。     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for refractory chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TAAC) injections in patients with refractory cystoid macular edema (CME) after cataract extraction. SETTING: LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. METHODS: In this nonrandomized retrospective case review, 8 eyes of 8 patients with a history of pseudophakic CME recalcitrant to current standard treatment modalities were enrolled. The mean duration of the CME was 20 months. The patients received intravitreal injections of 1 mg of TAAC and were followed for a mean of 8 months. The main outcome measures included visual acuity, the presence of CME on biomicroscopic examination, angiographic evidence of perifoveal leakage, intraocular pressure (IOP), and complications related to treatment. RESULTS: The visual acuity increased in all patients. The magnitude of improvement was mainly restricted by underlying macular pathology and correlated well with the level of visual acuity at entry into the study. Angiographic improvement occurred in all patients. Temporary increases in IOP were easily controlled with topical medications. No other adverse effects could be attributed to this technique. Repeated injections were required. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal administration of TAAC was safe and effective in recalcitrant cases of pseudophakic CME with a beneficial effect on the macular edema and visual acuity. A prospective randomized study is needed to determine with accuracy the efficacy, safety, and exact timing of this technique and possibly to recognize subtypes with a more favorable response. Repeated injections were required in all eyes. The development of a sustained-release intravitreal drug-delivery system would be beneficial.