高血压左室肥厚心电综合电压诊断价值分析

目的 探讨心电图综合电压标准在高血压左室肥厚（LVH）中的诊断价值,为高血压LVH的筛查、诊断和疗效观察提供依据.方法 按照美国超声学会（ASE）推荐使用的操作常规（ASE Convention）检测90例中国高血压LVH患者心脏质量指数（UCG-LVMI）,心电电压各参数反复测3个心动周期,取均值,评价心电图综合电压标准在高血压LVH中的诊断价值.结果 根据Cornell新标准,90例中国高血压LVH患者真阳性发生率为60.0%（男性）和64.4%（女性）,假阴性发生率为40.0%（男性）和35.6%（女性）.临床诊断评价：敏感度RⅠ＋SⅢ 20.0%、RV5＋SV1 36.7%、Ravl＋SV3 62.2%,特异度 RⅠ＋SⅢ 100%、RV5＋SV1 94.5%、Ravl＋SV3 95.5%,准确度RⅠ＋SⅢ 64.0%、RV5＋SV1 69.5%、Ravl＋SV3 82.0%.结论 ECG-Cornell标准诊断高血压LVH的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为62.2%、95.5%和82.0%.综合电压中Cornell电压诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确度最高,是高血压LVH筛查、诊断、预后的理想指标.     

Correlation of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy criteria with left ventricular mass by echocardiogram in obese hypertensive patients

Introduction

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and obesity are important cardiovascular risk factors. This study evaluates the influence of obesity on the diagnostic performance of the most used electrocardiographic criteria for LVH in hypertensive patients.

Methods

One thousand two hundred four outpatients from the Hypertensive Unit of the Hospital São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, were studied. All underwent 12-lead electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. The most known electrocardiographic criteria for LVH were assessed and compared with the left ventricular mass index obtained by echocardiogram in obese and nonobese groups of hypertensive patients.

Results

The population's mean age was 57.4 ± 4.7 years; 351 were men (29.1%) and 853 women (70.8%). Cornell voltage, Cornell duration, Sokolow-Lyon voltage, Romhilt-Estes criteria, and R wave in aVL 11 mm or higher showed a positive correlation with left ventricular mass index (P < .05). Notwithstanding, there were no changes regarding specificity for obese or nonobese characteristics. However, sensitivity had a statistically significant decrease in obese patients in regard to Sokolow-Lyon voltage and Romhilt-Estes criteria and strain pattern (P < .05).

Conclusion

Cornell voltage and Cornell duration criteria, Perugia score, R wave in aVL, and QTc variable had no significant changes in diagnostic sensitivity in the obese patients.     

Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in GUSTO IV ACS: an important risk marker of mortality in women.

AIM: To examine the association of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on admission electrocardiography with adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 7443 non-ST-elevation ACS patients in Global Utilization of STrategies to Open occluded arteries (GUSTO) IV ACS trial had admission electrocardiograms analysed at a core laboratory. LVH [>or=20 mm Cornell voltage (LV voltage) (women) or >or=28 mm (men) plus strain patterns] was observed in 586 (7.9%) patients, and women accounted for 74%. LVH patients were also older and had more co-morbidities, ST-depression >or= 0.5 mm, elevated C-reactive protein and N-terminal pro-brain naturetic peptide (NT-proBNP), and lower troponin T. Invasive procedures occurred less often in LVH patients (cardiac catheterization: 31 vs. 38%, P = 0.001; percutaneous coronary intervention: 12 vs. 20%, P < 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in patients with LVH (30 day: 5 vs. 3%, P = 0.046; 1 year: 14 vs. 7%, P < 0.001), whereas 30 day myocardial infarction (MI) and death/MI did not differ. After baseline adjustment including NT-proBNP, LVH remained associated with increased hazard of 1 year mortality in women, but not in men [P-interaction = 0.033; women: adjusted hazard ratio (LVH vs. no LVH): 1.42 (1.04-1.94), P = 0.029]. CONCLUSION: Electrocardiographic-LVH identifies an important subset of ACS patients with a higher risk of long-term mortality, particularly among women. These novel findings highlight opportunities to improve treatment and outcome among similar ACS patients.     

A review of the role of electrocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension

ECG remains the first line method for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertension. ECG diagnosis of LVH predicts a several-fold increase in age- and risk factor-adjusted cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in asymptomatic patients with essential hypertension. When compared with traditional ECG methods, Cornell voltage product and multifactorial criteria such as the Perugia criterion allow detection of LVH in a higher proportion of subjects while carrying a high attributable risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hence, traditional interpretation of standard ECG maintains an important role for cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertension.     

脂联素水平与高血压左心室肥厚关系探讨

目的:探讨血清脂联素(APN)与高血压左心室肥厚(LVH)的关系。方法:高血压患者119例,经超声心动图检查,依据左心室质量指数(LVMI)划分为LVH组(60例)、非LVH组(59例)。采用酶联免疫分析方法测定血清APN浓度。依据血清APN水平将患者分为低水平组(5.5μg/mL)39例、中间水平组(5.5～7.4μg/mL)40例及高水平组(7.4μg/mL)40例,应用Logistic回归分析探究血清APN水平与LVH的关系。结果:LVH组血清Log-APN水平显著低于非LVH组〔(0.7±0.1)vs(0.9±0.1)〕μg/mL,(P0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示与高水平组比较,低水平组发生LVH的OR值为8.56(95%CI:2.51～29.18,P=0.001),中间水平组发生LVH的OR值差异无统计学意义。结论:低APN血症与高血压患者发生LVH相关。     

Differentiation between left bundle branch block and left ventricular hypertrophy: Implications for cardiac resynchronization therapy

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces heart failure hospitalizations and mortality in patients with complete left bundle branch block (LBBB), but potentially not those with right bundle branch block or nonspecific LV conduction delay, such as that due to LV hypertrophy (LVH). Furthermore, endocardial mapping and simulation studies have suggested that one-third of patients diagnosed with LBBB by conventional electrocardiographic criteria are misdiagnosed, and these patients likely have a combination of LVH, LV chamber dilatation and delayed initiation of LV activation (incomplete LBBB). Increase in LV size due to hypertrophy/dilatation and slowed intramyocardial conduction velocity prolong QRS duration in patients with LVH, which can frequently go above the QRS duration threshold of 120 ms conventionally used to diagnose LBBB. New strict criteria for diagnosing complete LBBB have been proposed that utilize longer QRS duration thresholds (130 ms in women and 140 ms in men) and require the presence of mid-QRS notching/slurring in at least 2 of the leads I, aVL, V1, V2, V5 or V6. The emergence of CRT has led to an increased need to differentiate complete LBBB from LVH and other types of intraventricular conduction delay, which should be further studied.     

Left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular mortality by race and ethnicity

Background

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. The contribution of left ventricular hypertrophy to racial and ethnic differences in cardiovascular mortality is poorly understood.

Methods

We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and from the National Death Index to compare mortality for those with an electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy to those without left ventricular hypertrophy separately for whites, African Americans, and Latinos. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to control for other known prognostic factors.

Results

ECG left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly associated with 10-year cardiovascular mortality in all 3 racial/ethnic groups, both unadjusted and adjusted for other known prognostic factors. The hazard ratio for this association was significantly greater for African Americans (2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-3.42) than for whites and Latinos (1.32; 95% CI, 1.14-1.76 and 2.11; 95% CI, 1.35-3.30, respectively), independent of systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions

ECG left ventricular hypertrophy contributes more to the risk of cardiovascular mortality in African Americans than it does in whites. Using regression of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy as a goal of therapy might be a means to reduce racial differences in cardiovascular mortality; prospective validation is required.     

原发性高血压肱动脉功能与左室肥厚的相关性研究

目的 :探讨原发性高血压 (EH)患者肱动脉功能与左心室肥厚的相关性。方法 :采用超声技术分别检测2 8例 EH患者 (EH组 )和 30例正常健康者 (正常组 )肱动脉功能及左心室质量各参数 ,并进行相关性分析。结果 :EH组舒张末期肱动脉内径 (Dd)、横截面积 (L CSA)较正常组明显增加 ,顺应性系数 (CC)、肱动脉扩张系数 (DC)较正常组明显减少。相关分析结果显示 :DC、CC与血压、年龄呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,L CSA与年龄、血压正相关(P<0 .0 1) ;左心室舒张末期容积指数与 L CSA正相关 (P<0 .0 1) ,与 DC负相关 (P<0 .0 1) ;平均室壁厚度与DC、CC负相关 (P<0 .0 1) ,心室质量容积比率与 DC、CC负相关 (P<0 .0 1) ,左心室质量指数与 L CSA正相关 ,与 DC负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :EH患者存在肱动脉功能的改变 ,并能影响左心室质量。     

胰岛素抵抗与原发性高血压左室肥厚关系的研究

目的　探讨胰岛素抵抗 (IR)对原发性高血压 (EH)患者左室肥厚的影响。方法　检测 93例 EH病人的左室心肌重量指数 (LVMI)、相对室壁厚度 (RWT)、空腹血糖 (FSG)、空腹血胰岛素 (FSI) ,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数 (IRI)。设对照组 48例。结果　 IRI在对照组与 EH各组比较差异呈显著性 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,但在 EH各组间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。 IRI在 EH各组间与 RWT呈正相关 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,与 LVMI不相关 (P>0 .0 5)。结论　 IR存在于 EH患者中 ,与 RWT的增加有密切的关系 ,高胰岛素血症是 EH患者发生左室肥厚的重要因素。     

老年高血压患者血压变异性与左室肥厚的关系

目的 探讨老年高血原病患者血压变异性（BPV）与左室肥厚的关系。方法 选择216例高血压患者进行24h动态血压监测（ABPM）和超声心动图检查，分析血压变异性与左室肥厚的关系。结果 老年高血压患者合并左室肥厚组与无左室肥厚组比较，年龄、性别、24h平均血压和血糖、血脂水平无显著差异，但左室肥厚组的24h收缩压变异性（16．8±1．9VS14．3±2．3），白昼（14．9±2．5VS13．8±2．4）和夜间（10．8±3．7VS9．7±2．9）收缩压变异性均显著大于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．05）。结论 老年高血斥患者收缩斥波动与左室肥厚密切相关，可能预测高血压靶器官损害和不良心血管事件。     

透析患者甲状旁腺机能亢进与左心室肥厚的关系

目的　了解透析患者甲状旁腺机能亢进与左心室肥厚 (L VH)的相关关系。方法　分别测量我院 46例腹膜透析 (CAPD)患者、73例血液透析 (HD)患者、18例透析前慢性肾衰竭患者及 16例健康人的超声心动图 ,以了解左心室肥厚的发生率 ,并分别检查血甲状旁腺素 (i PTH)、钙、磷水平 ,分析血钙、磷、i PTH与 L VH之间的关系。结果　CAPD组、HD组、肾衰竭组的 i PTH较对照组明显增高 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,以肾衰竭组升高明显 ,并且与 L VH呈显著正相关 (r=0 .70 5 ,P<0 .0 0 1)。 CAPD组、HD组的血钙值、血磷值与对照组无明显差别 ,而慢性肾衰竭组则血钙明显低下、血磷明显升高。结论　尿毒症患者普遍存在甲状旁腺机能亢进 ,是导致透析患者心血管疾病发病率增高的原因之一     

高血压与左心室肥厚

左心室肥厚 ( LVH)是心血管疾病的重要危险因素 ,高血压是 LVH最常见的原因。本文就高血压患者 LVH的诊断方法、致病因素、病理生理、不良后果及药物治疗等问题作介绍     

应用超声心动图评价克山病患者的左室肥厚及左室重构

目的应用超声心动图观察克山病左室质量（LVM）及左室质量指数（LVMI）,从而评价克山病患者的左室肥厚及左室重构情况。方法在黑龙江省克山病病区,对53例经病史、查体、X线摄影和心电图检查确认为克山病的患者行超声心动图检查,观察其左室质量及左室质量指数的变化,结果与对照组比较。结果克山病患者的LVM及LVMI明显增大（P〈0.01）。患者的左室肥厚比例明显增高（P〈0.01）。超声心动图对克山病患者的左室肥厚的检出率明显高于心电图（P〈0.01）。结论克山病患者的LVM及LVMI明显增大,克山病患者中普遍存在着左室肥厚及左室重构。超声心动图能直观地观察克山病的LVM及LVMI,对克山病患者的左室肥厚及左室重构做出准确的评价。     

New precordial bipolar electrocardiographic leads for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy

Background

Novel small and wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices offer new means of recording cardiac activity in different applications. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of closely separated (6 cm) bipolar leads in differentiating subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) from healthy subjects.

Methods

The material contained body surface ECG of 236 healthy and 116 LVH subjects. A total of 36 vertical, 30 horizontal, and 66 diagonal bipolar leads located on the anterior thorax were analyzed. The QRS amplitudes were calculated, and the leads' overall diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

The best overall diagnostic performances were obtained from 2 areas: one near the precordial electrodes of standard leads V₁ to V₃ and the other on lower anterior thorax. Vertical and diagonal bipolar leads located at lower anterior thorax provided the highest ROC areas (≥0.79). These bipolar leads also provided similar sensitivities than the traditional Sokolow-Lyon method.

Conclusion

The new short distance vertical and diagonal bipolar leads are efficient in discriminating subjects with LVH from healthy subjects based on QRS amplitude.     

高血压病QT离散度与左心室肥厚及室性心律失常关系的探讨

目的　探讨高血压病QT离散度 (QTdispersion ,QTd)与左心室肥厚 (leftventricularhypertrophy ,LVH)及室性心律失常 (ventriculararrhythmia ,VA )的关系。方法　选择2 0 6例原发性高血压患者 ,进行静息同步 12导联心电图 ,动态心电图及超声心动图测定 ,计算QTd ,左室重量指数 (LVMI)等指标。结果　左心室肥厚组平均QTd水平为 (6 7 9± 15 0 )ms ,平均LVMI水平为 (12 9 6± 8 4 )g/m2 ,和左心室正常者相比有显著差异 (P <0 0 0 1)。QT和LVMI显著相关 (r=0 82 6 ,P <0 0 1)。QTd≥ 5 0ms的左心室肥厚组室性心律失常及复杂性心律失常的检出率为 10 0 %和 5 9 3% ,明显高于QTd <5 0ms的左心室肥厚组 (5 0 % ,2 5 % )和左心室正常组 (35 3% ,5 9% ) ,有显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　QTd对原发性高血压左心室肥厚室性心律失常 ,尤其是复杂性心律失常有一定的预测价值。     

长期应用依那普利对高血压病患者左室结构及功能影响

观察了28例Ⅱ期高血压病患者平均口服依那普利平均22个月后左室结构及功能改变。结果显示：用药后血压降低总有效率为89．3％，心率无变化。用药后空间隔、左室后壁及左定重量指数均明显下降（P＜0．05），A峰速度及A／E比值明显下降，E峰速度明显增高（P＜0．05）。提示：依那曾利长期治疗可有效降压，并同时逆转左室肥厚，改善左室舒张功能。