靶向热休克蛋白-27基因沉默对5-氟尿嘧啶诱导SW480细胞凋亡的影响及机制

目的：通过RNA干扰抑制热休克蛋白-27（HSP27）基因的表达,探讨沉默该基因对5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）诱导大肠癌SW480细胞凋亡的影响及机制。方法：将细胞分为正常对照组（Normal组）、阴性siRNA转染组（NC组）、HSP27-siRNA转染组（siRNA组）、单纯5-FU组（5-FU组）、5-FU+阴性siRNA转染组（NC+5-FU组）、5-FU+HSP27-siRNA转染组（siRNA+5-FU组）,通过脂质体LipofectamineTM 2000将HSP27-siRNA导入SW480细胞,CCK-8法检测靶向HSP27的siRNA和5-FU对SW480细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞技术观察转染后细胞在5-FU作用下的早期凋亡情况,Western blot方法检测凋亡相关蛋白Active-casepase-3、Active-caspase-9及细胞色素C（Cytc）的表达。结果：CCK-8法检测结果显示siRNA+5-FU组细胞增殖抑制率明显高于同期siRNA组和5-FU组,表明联合应用抑制率明显升高（P＜0.05）。流式细胞仪检测结果表明siRNA组和5-FU组均可诱导SW480细胞凋亡,两者联合应用细胞早期凋亡率明显升高,与Normal组及NC组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;Western blot检测结果显示siRNA+5-FU组Active-casepase-3、Active-caspase-9、Cytc蛋白相对表达水平均高于siRNA组和5-FU组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论：靶向HSP27-siRNA能有效抑制大肠癌SW480细胞HSP27蛋白的表达,上调Active-casepase-3、Active-caspase-9、Cytc蛋白的表达,增强5-FU诱导SW480细胞凋亡,逆转肿瘤细胞对5-FU的耐药。     

shRNA沉默DNA-PKcs表达对肝癌耐药细胞BEL7402/5-FU耐药性的影响

目的观察shDNA-PKcs沉默DNA-PKcs基因对肝癌耐药细胞Bel7402/5-FU耐药性的影响。方法采用双酶切、测序分析鉴定shDNA-PKcs干扰质粒;用阳离子脂质体法将shDNA-PKcs质粒转染BEL7402/5-FU细胞,根据荧光细胞数计算转染率,Real-time PCR及Western blot检测沉默效率;MTT法检测细胞药物敏感性;Real-time PCR和Western blot检测P-gp mRNA和蛋白表达。结果双酶切鉴定结果显示质粒约为6300bp,测序结果显示插入序列为shDNA-PKcs序列。荧光细胞计数显示质粒的转染率为62.2%。Real time PCR及Western blot检测结果显示DNA-PKcs mRNA及蛋白水平的沉默效率分别为82.6%、71.8%;MTT检测结果显示shDNA-PKcs实验组的ADM和5-FU的IC50值比对照组ADM、5-FU低（P〈0.05）,DDP和MMC的IC50值与对照组比无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Real time PCR和Western blot检测结果显示实验组P-gp mRNA、蛋白表达水平均比对照组低（P〈0.01）。结论 shDNA-PKcs干扰质粒能够有效抑制BEL7402/5-FU细胞中DNA-PKcs表达,增加细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,其机制可能与P-gp蛋白的下调有关。     

趋化因子受体CXCR4小干扰RNA对人大肠癌细胞株迁移的抑制作用

目的:探讨趋化因子受体CXCR4小干扰RNA(siRNA)对人大肠癌细胞株迁移的抑制作用.方法:采用RT-PCR、Western印迹和体外迁移实验检测趋化因子受体CXCR4在大肠癌细胞株SW480、SW620、LoVo 细胞的表达及迁移能力.将与CXCR4 mRNA互补的 siRNA及非抑制性双链RNA(Non-silencing dsRNA),在脂质体介导下以150 nmol/L终浓度转染大肠癌细胞SW480,以RT-PCR和Western印迹法检测CXCR4表达的变化,Transwell迁移实验检测大肠癌细胞SW480迁移的变化.结果:大肠癌细胞SW480高表达CXCR4,大肠癌细胞LoVo低表达CXCR4,SW620的CXCR4表达水平介于二者之间.与LoVo 细胞相比,SW480和SW620迁移细胞明显增多(P＜0.01).与对照组、脂质体组和Non-silencing dsRNA组相比,siRNA组SW480细胞内CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白均明显降低,细胞迁移被明显抑制 (P＜0.01).结论:CXCR4 siRNA可通过下调CXCR4的表达抑制人大肠癌细胞SW480的迁移.     

BMP-2联合温热化疗对SW480中GDF15和TFF3表达的影响

目的：探讨骨形态发生蛋白-2（Bone morphogenetic protein-2,BMP-2）联合温热化疗对SW480中GDF15和TFF3表达的影响。方法：BMP-2作用于大肠癌SW480细胞系,置于43 ℃温热化疗30 min,培养6 h。（1）流式细胞法检测SW480细胞的凋亡;（2）Western blot法检测GDF15和TFF3蛋白表达情况;（3）RT-PCR半定量检测GDF15和TFF3 的mRNA表达。结果：BMP-2联合43 ℃温热化疗后SW480细胞凋亡增加,GDF15和TFF3蛋白表达水平下降,GDF15和TFF3 的mRNA表达亦下调。结论：BMP-2联合温热化疗通过抑制大肠癌SW480的GDF15和TFF3蛋白及其相关基因表达,增强抑制SW480的增殖及转移复发的作用;温热疗法联合化疗对GDF15和TFF3表达抑制有协同作用。     

RNAi沉默Polo-like kinase-1基因表达对大肠癌细胞端粒酶活性的影响

 目的 探讨polo-like kinase-1（PLK1）基因对大肠癌细胞增殖和端粒酶活性的影响。 方法根据PLK1基因序列特点,设计并用化学方法合成小干扰核糖核酸分子（small interfering RNA,siRNA）,转染人大肠癌SW480细胞后,分别采用实时定量PCR和Western blot检测PLK1基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平。分别采用MTT法和TRAP-ELISA方法检测PLK1基因转染对大肠癌细胞增殖和端粒酶活性的影响。 结果 所设计的5个siRNA均能明显抑制大肠癌SW480细胞PLK1 mRNA水平,以P4效果最好。以P4转染处理大肠癌细胞后,PLK1 mRNA水平和蛋白水平明显下调,且呈浓度和时间依赖性。MTT和TRAP-ELISA方法检测发现,P4siRNA转染组细胞增殖和端粒酶活性明显受到抑制,且呈浓度和时间依赖性（P＜0.05,P＜0.05）。 结论 PLK1基因对大肠癌细胞增殖具有重要的调控作用,以PLK1 siRNA转染处理大肠癌细胞,可明显抑制大肠癌细胞的恶性增殖,其机制可能与抑制端粒酶活性有关。     

DNA-PKcs影响肝癌耐药细胞BEL7402/5-FU耐药性的机制

目的利用RNA干扰技术探讨DNA-PKcs基因沉默影响肝癌细胞BEl7402/5-FU耐药性的机制。方法将靶向DNA-PKcs的干扰质粒shDNA-PKcs转染肝癌耐药细胞BEL7402/5-FU,利用实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot法检测转染干扰质粒后DNA-PKcs基因的沉默效率;Western blot检测Artemis、磷酸化Artemis蛋白水平的表达。结果实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot检测结果显示转染shDNA-PKcs后,DNA-PKcs mRNA及蛋白水平表达均下调（P〈0.05）;Western blot检测结果显示shDNA-PKcs转染组Artemis蛋白表达水平与对照组相比均有所降低（P〈0.05）,磷酸化Artemis蛋白表达水平在转染前后无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论 ShDNA-PKs干扰质粒能抑制Bel-7402/5FU细胞中DNAPKcs、Artemis蛋白的表达、但对P-Artemis的表达无影响。     

敲低Piezo2对人结肠癌细胞HCT116和SW620增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的 探讨敲低机械敏感性离子通道Piezo2对人结肠癌细胞HCT116和SW620增殖、迁移侵袭能力的影响。方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)及蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）分别检测结直肠癌组织及其相应癌旁组织中Piezo2的mRNA和蛋白表达情况;Western blot检测Piezo2在正常结肠上皮细胞NCM460、结肠癌细胞SW480和HCT116、结肠癌淋巴结转移细胞SW620的表达;将HCT116、SW620细胞系稳定转染Piezo2敲低慢病毒载体,利用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测转染后HCT116和SW620细胞的Piezo2表达情况;CCK-8法检测转染后HCT116和SW620细胞的增殖能力;Transwell法和细胞划痕修复实验检测转染后HCT116和SW620细胞的侵袭和迁移能力;通过裸鼠皮下成瘤检测HCT116和SW620细胞敲低Piezo2后肿瘤大小变化,通过免疫组化检测ki67表达。结果 RT-qPCR及Western blot实验显示,癌组织Piezo2的mRNA和蛋白表达均高于癌旁组织（P均<0.05）;Wes...     

沉默信息调节因子2对大肠癌细胞有氧糖酵解和生长增殖的调控作用及其机制

目的：探讨沉默信息调节因子2 (SIRT2)对大肠癌细胞有氧糖酵解和生长增殖的影响,阐明其相关作用机制。方法：选择大肠癌HCT116细胞和SW480细胞进行培养,采用Western blotting法检测2种细胞中SIRT2蛋白表达情况。选择SIRT2蛋白表达高的大肠癌HCT116细胞进行后续RNA干扰实验,设立阴性对照组、SIRT2-siRNA#1组、SIRT2-siRNA#2组和SIRT2-siRNA#3组;选择SIRT2蛋白表达低的大肠癌SW480细胞进行后续过表达实验,构建SIRT2重组质粒,选取处于对数生长期的SW480细胞,设立空白组、空载体质粒转染组和SIRT2质粒转染组;采用HCT116细胞进行回复实验,设立对照组、 SIRT2-siRNA和葡萄糖-6磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）质粒共转染组和SIRT2-siRNA#3组。利用Lipofectamine2000将质粒和siRNA分别转染至SW480细胞和HCT116细胞,验证沉默和过表达SIRT2后,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测培养液中葡萄糖水平,比色法检测培养液中乳酸水平,克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成率,CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖...     

靶向EZH2的shRNA表达对SW480细胞的抑制作用及5-Fu对其影响的研究

目的 研究EZH2特异性shRNA对人结肠癌细胞株SW480细胞的抑制作用和化疗药物5-FU对其干预作用的影响。方法 体外将EZH2特异性shRNA表达载体转染SW480细胞,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测细胞EZH2 mRNA及蛋白的表达,M TT法检测细胞增殖活性;将靶向EZH2的shRNA表达的SW480细胞接种于裸鼠,5-FU对其进行干预,RT-PCR检测瘤组织EZH2 mRNA的表达。结果 与阴性对照组相比,基因沉默组EZH2 mRNA表达明显降低(P<0.01),EZH2蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05);与空白对照组相比,基因沉默组细胞生长受到明显抑制(P<0.05);接种于裸鼠后,与正常组相比,5-FU基因沉默组与基因沉默组瘤组织体积、质量、EZH2 mRNA的表达均明显降低(P<0.01),与基因沉默组相比,5-FU基因沉默组EZH2 mRNA的表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 靶向EZH2的shRNA表达在体外及体内均可显著抑制SW480细胞EZH2 mRNA和蛋白表达及细胞生长;5-FU能显著抑制体内EZH2基因沉默的SW480细胞EZH2 mRNA的表达。     

双位点小干扰RNA靶向抑制表皮生长因子受体促大肠癌细胞凋亡和5-氟尿嘧啶化疗增效的实验研究

为观察针对单位点与双位点的RNA干扰技术抑制大肠癌LoVo细胞表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的表达，诱导细胞凋亡以及对5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）敏感性的差异。构建质粒表达载体pU6-EGFR-shRNA-1和pU6-EGFR-shRNA-2，脂质体转染人大肠癌LoVo细胞，G418筛选4周，分5组：1组为LoVo细胞，2组为对照质粒载体HK，3组为pU6-EGFR-shRNA-1，4组为pU6-EGFR-shRNA-2，5组为pU6-EGFR-shRNA-1和pU6-EGFR-shRNA-2各半量，实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测mRNA和蛋白的表达，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率，细胞增殖分析试剂CCK-8（Cell CountingKit-8）测定5-FU不同浓度和时间对LoVo细胞的抑制率和半数抑制浓度（IC50）。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.