多层螺旋CT在胸部孤立性纤维瘤诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值探讨

目的探讨多层螺旋CT在孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值,以提高对其诊断水平。方法回顾性分析我院2008年9月~2013年4月经手术病理证实的21例(男14例,女7例)SFT的CT表现,所有病例均接受CT平扫及增强检查。结果 MSCT上表现为孤立、边界清楚的单发肿块。瘤体较小时,CT平扫常表现为均匀的低密度肿块,增强多均匀显著性强化;瘤体较大时,常因内部囊变、坏死呈不均匀低密度,强化多为显著不均匀强化,呈地图样或分层样强化。结论 MSCT可清晰显示SFT病灶的形态、大小及其与周围组织的关系,对SFT的诊断和鉴别诊断具有一定帮助。     

胸部孤立性纤维瘤11例多层螺旋CT征象分析

目的探讨胸部孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现特征,并结合相关文献进行分析,旨在提高对本病的认识,提高术前影像诊断准确率,从而为临床诊疗提供帮助。方法回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实的胸部SFT的MSCT特征。结果本组胸部SFT均来源于胸膜,6例女性,5例男性;8例来源于脏层胸膜,3例来源于纵隔胸膜,均表现为与相邻胸膜广基底相连的边缘较光整的肿块。2例表现平扫及增强后密度均匀,其余均表现平扫密度不均匀,增强后呈典型"地图样"强化,最高强化程度等同于同层心房密度,并均呈持续性强化。平扫7例见环形稍高密度假包膜显示。11例病例均无钙化,无瘤内血管显示。本组病例均为良性,无转移。结论胸部SFT具有一定的CT表现特征,正确认识CT的影像学特点,可以提高SFT的术前正确诊断。     

肾孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现

目的 提高对肾脏等泌尿系孤立性纤维瘤(solitary fibrous tumor,SFT)的CT认识及诊断、鉴别诊断能力.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月—2015年6月间7例经手术和病理证实SFT的CT影像学资料和病理,包括良性6例,恶性1例,男5例,女2例,平均年龄45.5岁.结果 7例患者中,CT表现良恶性与病理相符为100%,所有病例均为单发圆形或类圆形肿块,左肾4例,右肾3例,CT表现良性为病灶边界清楚,内部均匀,膨胀性生长,也可见多发小片状或不规则低密度区,恶性为类圆形囊实性团块状影,密度不均匀,边缘不清,向周围浸润生长.结论 CT表现为单发孤立、类圆形边缘清晰,密度均匀或欠均匀,不均匀强化,延迟持续强化伴粗大供血血管时,应考虑SFT的可能性.     

胸部孤立性纤维瘤的CT诊断和鉴别诊断

目的：探讨胸部孤立性纤维瘤（SFT）的CT表现及鉴别要点。方法回顾性分析20例经病理和（或）免疫组化证实的胸部SFT患者的CT表现和临床资料。结果20例患者中SFT发生在胸膜者18例,其中1例位于叶间裂内;发生在纵隔者1例;发生在肺内者1例。CT平扫14例密度均匀,6例密度欠均匀,内可见低密度区,3例瘤内见斑点状钙化。行增强扫描的15例患者中11例肿块呈轻中度强化,3例肿块呈明显强化,其中4例肿块内出现强化血管影,3例呈特征性的“地图样”强化。18例胸膜SFT中4例可见“尾征”,1例带蒂。结论胸部SFT的CT表现具有一定特征性,结合临床资料和鉴别诊断,可以提高本病的诊断水平。     

胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现,进一步提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现。结果 6例胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤中,发生在腹部5例,1例发生于盆腔。CT平扫表现为边界清晰的不均匀略低密度软组织肿块,可见索条状及斑片状更低密度区,未见明确钙化征。增强扫描肿瘤均显著不均匀强化,肿瘤内更低密度区无强化,强化形式呈"快进慢出"。1例肿瘤内及周围见增粗、迂曲血管。结论胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现具有一定的特征性,动态增强扫描可提高诊断准确性,但最后确诊仍需结合病理学及免疫组化检查。     

2 例腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤的 CT 表现

目的：探讨腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤的CT特征。方法：回顾性分析2例经病理检查证实的腹膜后孤立性纤维 瘤的CT表现,并与病理学结果作对照分析。结果：腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现为肿块巨大,境界清楚,轻中度分 叶;平扫呈等或低密度,增强扫描呈轻中度强化或明显强化;动脉期瘤内可见线状、迂曲的血管影,静脉期肿瘤持 续性不均匀强化,并可见强化的包膜。病理学检查肿瘤细胞呈梭形,间质为增生的粗细不均匀的胶原纤维,肿瘤由 细胞密集区和细胞疏松区组成;免疫组织化学特点为CD34和bcl-2阳性。结论：腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现具有一 定的特征性,病理形态学及免疫组织化学检查可以明确诊断。     

多排螺旋CT对胸膜孤立性纤维瘤诊断价值

目的 分析胸膜孤立性纤维瘤(SFTP)的多排螺旋CT(MSCT)影像表现,提高对该病的诊断及鉴别诊断能力.方法 经手术病理证实16例胸膜孤立性纤维瘤患者的MSCT图像资料进行回顾性分析,16例均行增强.结果 16例均为胸腔内单发肿块,大小不等,呈类圆形或椭圆形,边界清,直径2.3～19.0cm,12例较大肿块密度不均匀,多数内见囊变及坏死,4例内见钙化,4例小肿块密度均匀,平扫CT值21～37HU,增强后均匀或不均匀持续强化,CT值43～85HU,8例呈“地图样”强化,7例肿瘤内见血管影.7例位于右侧,9例位于左侧,采用多平面重建(MPR)技术进行后处理可进一步明确病变与周围组织的关系.结论 SFTP的MSCT有一定的特征性,MSCT检查有利于明确病变的大小、范围、部位、形态、密度及强化特征,但最终需病理学确诊.     

孤立性纤维瘤的影像学分析

目的：探讨多部位孤立性纤维瘤（solitary fibrous tumors,SFT）的影像学表现,提高对该疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实为SFT的CT/MR及手术病理资料。其中8例患者均行螺旋CT平扫并增强、多平面重建（MPR）、冠状、矢状重建,2例CT平扫及MRI平扫并增强。分析获取图像,探讨SFT的CT/MR表现。结果8例位于胸膜腔内,1例骑跨胸腹部后纵隔,1例位于上颈部及颅内,形成勾通性肿块。胸膜来源的SFT常以宽基底附于胸膜,肿瘤与正常胸膜间夹角常为钝角,肿块较小（小于10 cm）推压肺组织,与肺组织尚可分界;肿块较大（大于或等于10 cm）时,与肺组织分界较模糊,提示有侵犯可能;胸膜来源的SFT的CT平扫表现为均匀或略不均匀软组织肿块,增强扫描病灶表现为不均匀强化,呈地图样强化,病灶较大时可见不规则坏死区。胸膜外（纵隔、头颈部）SFT表现为巨大软组织肿块,生长较缓慢,常生长于相对薄弱间隙内,推压或侵犯邻近器官。MRI平扫T1WI为等信号,T2WI为不均匀高信号,FS-T2WI呈不均匀混杂高信号,DWI呈低信号,增强扫描病灶明显不均匀强化,周缘强化略明显。结论 SFT好发于胸膜腔内,表现为孤立的软组织肿块,宽基底、界线较清楚、邻近肺组织受推压、血供丰富,无肺门、纵隔、腋窝淋巴结肿大;纵隔及头颈部可为胸膜外SFT的发病部位,肿块生长于肌间隙或薄弱间隙,血供丰富,明显强化。病灶大于10 cm、强化不均匀（伴坏死）、侵犯周围组织提示恶性可能。     

孤立性纤维性肿瘤的MSCT-MRI表现及病理学特征分析

目的探讨孤立性纤维性肿瘤（SFT）的MscT和MRI表现及其病理学基础。方法回顾性分析9例SFT的MSCT和MRI表现、病理组织学和免疫组化特征,并进行对照分析。结幂9例SFT中,发生于肺部1例,胸膜2例,颈部2例,腹部1例,腹膜后1例,盆腔1例,下肢1例,临床无症状,或表现为局部肿块及其引起的压迫症状。其中7例进行MSCT检查,1例进行MR检查,1例进行MSCT和MR检查。SFT在MSCT和MRI上表现主要为境界清楚的较大肿块,对周围组织无侵犯,密度／信号均匀或不均匀。增强扫描8例呈明显强化,可见不均匀间隔样强化及肿瘤血管,其中5例呈“地图样”强化：1例呈轻度强化。病理学显示肿瘤以梭形细胞为主,问质含丰富胶原和血管,构成细胞密集区与细胞疏松区的特征,细胞异型性不明显。免疫组化染色CD34、vimentin阳性,C-100、CK阴性。结论SFT是一种少见的间叶源性软组织肿瘤,临床表现无特异性;MSCT和MRI表现有一定的特征性,均有利于病变的显示和诊断。     

肾上腺孤立性纤维瘤1例影像报道及文献复习

目的 总结肾上腺孤立性纤维瘤的影像征象,提高对该病影像征象的认识,减少误诊.方法 报道1例经手术后病理确诊为肾上腺孤立性纤维瘤的临床及影像资料,并复习相关文献.结果 该病例为女性,年龄30岁.肿块超声上呈低回声团块,边界清楚,包膜完整,肿块内部及周围见丰富血流.CT平扫呈边界清楚的实性软组织密度团块,伴内部低密度灶,增强扫描,肿瘤实体部分发生明显强化,而其内低密度区无强化.结论 肾上腺孤立性纤维瘤虽然罕见,但在CT上有比较特征表现,有助于术前定位及诊断.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.