应用斑点追踪成像技术评价GHb异常糖尿病患者的左室舒张功能

目的:探讨斑点追踪成像技术评价糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,GHb)异常糖尿病患者左室舒张功能的临床价值。方法:选取38例GHb异常糖尿病患者、正常对照组32例,在左室心尖位长轴图像上测量基底段、中间段、心尖段各心肌节段纵向应变率(SrL)的舒张早期峰值(E’)、舒张晚期峰值(A’)和E’/A’的平均值,在左室短轴二尖瓣水平、乳头肌水平、心尖水平测量各心肌节段圆周应变率(SrC)和径向应变率(SrR)的E’、A’和E’/A’的平均值,同时测量左心常规超声指标。结果:与对照组相比,GHb异常糖尿病患者SrL的E’降低、A’升高以及E’/A’降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GHb异常糖尿病患者SrC的E’及SrC、SrR的E’/A’降低,SrC、SrR的A’升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间左心常规超声指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:GHb异常糖尿病患者左室舒张功能受损的早期改变是SrL、SrC的E’及E’/A’降低,SrL、SrC及SrR的A’升高,同时SrL、SrC及SrR的运动规律消失。     

斑点追踪显像对原发性高血压患者早期左心室舒缩功能改变的评价

目的 探讨斑点追踪显像(STI)评价原发性高血压(EH)患者早期左心室舒缩功能改变的价值.方法 65例左室正常构型(LVN)的EH患者,其中33例为无左房扩大(NLAE)者,32例为左房扩大(LAE)者,45例正常人,测量长轴三节段纵向应变率(SrL)和短轴三水平径向应变率(SrR)、圆周应变率(SrC)及旋转率(RotR)的收缩期S峰值、舒张早期E'峰值、舒张晚期A'峰值及E'/A'值.结果 NLAE和LAE组SrL的A'在三节段间和SrR的S和A'及SrE的S在三水平间差异无统计学意义.②与正常组相比,NLAE组和LAE组SrL的S和E'及SrL、SrR和SrC的E'/A'降低,SrL、SrR和SrC的A'及RotR的E'升高.结论 STI检测EH患者早期左心室功能的受损不仅为舒张功能,而且收缩功能亦同时受累.     

斑点追踪应变率成像评价类风湿关节炎患者左室舒张功能

目的 探讨斑点追踪应变率成像评价类风湿关节炎患者左室舒张功能.方法 类风湿关节炎患者(RA组)25例及健康查体者(Normal组)25例,M型超声测量左房前后径(LAD)、左室舒末内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(PWT);灰阶超声测量左房容积(LAV);血流多普勒测量二尖瓣血流E峰、A峰、E峰减速时间(DT)、等容舒张时间(IVRT),计算E/A; PW-DTI测量二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(E′)、舒张晚期峰值速度(A ′),计算E′/A′、E/E′;斑点追踪测定左室心尖四腔、两腔、三腔、二尖瓣短轴、乳头肌短轴、心尖短轴舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe)及舒张晚期应峰值应变率(SRa).结果 RA组A峰升高,E/A降低,E ′下降,E′/A′降低(P＜0.05);RA组各切面SRa均增大,乳头肌短轴SRe、心尖短轴SRe增大(P＜0.05);相关分析显示,二尖瓣短轴SRa、心尖短轴SRa与病程正相关(相关系数分别为0.318、0.336,P＜0.05).结论 RA舒张功能异常发生早于左室形态改变;SR是研究左室舒张功能的有效工具.     

斑点追踪技术评价兔心尖部室壁瘤形成的瘤体力学特点

目的 二维超声斑点追踪技术(STI)分析兔心肌应变率变化特点及其预测室壁瘤形成的力学评价价值.方法 利用20只新西兰白兔制作室壁瘤模型,4周后根据超声及病理学检查分为室壁瘤组和无室壁瘤组.应用STI分别测量并分析左心室短轴心尖水平径向应变率(SrR)和圆周应变率(SrC)的收缩期峰值(SrR-S、SrC-S)、舒张早期应变率峰值(SrR-E、SrC-E)及舒张晚期应变率峰值(SrR-A、SrC-A).结果 与无室壁瘤组比较,室壁瘤组各节段三期SrR及SrC峰值均降低(P均＜0.05).各节段之间比较,前、侧壁SrR-S、SrC-S下降更为显著(P＜0.05).ROC曲线显示,前、侧壁收缩期SrR曲线下面积分别为0.92、0.91;SrC曲线下面积分别为0.89、0.88.以应变率小于2.00 s-1为临界值,前、侧壁收缩期SrR诊断室壁瘤的敏感度分别为91.70％、89.73％,特异度分别为85.72％、71.41％;前、侧壁收缩期SrC诊断室壁瘤的敏感度分别为90.24％、88.32％,特异度分别为86.41％、85.20％.结论 心肌梗死后心尖部室壁瘤形成加重前、侧壁心肌应变的损害,前、侧壁收缩期SrR及SrC的下降程度可作为预测兔梗死心肌形成室壁瘤的重要参考指标.     

应变率显像对糖尿病患者左室心肌局部收缩及舒张功能的研究

目的应用应变率显像评价糖尿病患者左心室局部心肌纵向收缩和舒张功能。方法分别获取22例糖尿病患者（DM）和21例正常对照者标准心尖位左心长轴观、二腔观和四腔观图像，分析左室各室壁长轴方向基底部、中部心肌应变率曲线，计算各节段应变率及左室中部、基底部水平的舒张早期和心房收缩期的平均应变率。测量左室射血分数（EF％）和二尖瓣口血流的E、A峰值，计算E／A比值。结果与正常对照组比较，DM组左室各节段心肌收缩期应变率和舒张早期应变率均明显降低（P〈0．05），左室大部分节段心房收缩期应变率差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。在两组舒张早期和心房收缩期的平均应变率比较中差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。两组间EF％、E、A及E／A差异无显著性意义。结论应变率显像为定量评价糖尿病患者局部心肌舒缩功能提供了一种新方法。     

超声二维斑点追踪技术评价心尖肥厚型心肌病左心室扭转运动

目的 探讨应用超声斑点追踪成像技术(STI)评价心尖肥厚型心肌病(AHCM)患者左心室扭转运动(LVtor)的临床应用价值.方法 对34例AHCM患者与21名健康志愿者行二维超声检查.获取左心室短轴二尖瓣环水平、心尖水平二维图像,应用STI软件测定左心室短轴心底水平、心尖水平心肌旋转角度峰值及达峰时间、旋转速度峰值;测定左心室整体扭转角度峰值(Ptw)、达峰时间、左心室舒张期解旋减半时间(HTU);计算舒张期解旋率(Untw R);比较两组间各参数差异.HTU分别与二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值(E)、舒张晚期峰值(A)及E/A值行相关分析.结果 AHCM组左心室短轴心尖水平心肌收缩期旋转角度峰值和旋转速度峰值均较对照组增加,达峰时间延长(P均＜0.05);AHCM组左心室整体Ptw及扭转速度峰值较对照组显著增大(P均＜0.05);AHCM组舒张期HTU较对照组延迟,Untw R降低,解旋速度峰值减低(P均＜0.05).AHCM组HTU与E/A值呈负相关.结论 AHCM患者在左心室收缩功能正常时,心尖部旋转及左心室扭转运动增强,Untw R降低.STI可敏感地反映出AHCM患者的心肌功能变化.     

应变率显像对高血压患者左室舒张功能的评价

目的探讨应变率显像(SRI)技术评价高血压患者左室舒张功能的临床意义.方法获取25例高血压病人和20例正常人二腔观、三腔观和四腔观应变率显像及组织多普勒图像,分析左室各节段心肌舒张期应变率曲线和二尖瓣环运动速度曲线,计算左室各节段应变率(SR)、平均峰值应变率(mSR)、左室平均应变率传播速度(PVS)和二尖瓣环平均运动速度(V).常规测量二尖瓣口E、A、E/A值.结果与正常组相比,高血压组舒张早期V、SR均有明显降低,舒张早期和舒张晚期PVS均降低.舒张早期SR与V呈高度正相关.舒张早期除后间隔基底段和侧壁基底段外其余相应节段心肌SR均有显著降低.结论SRI是一项准确定量评价高血压患者左室整体和局部舒张功能的无创性新技术.     

兔室壁瘤形成后左心室舒张及收缩功能的变化

目的 应用二尖瓣血流脉冲多普勒(PWD)频谱及二维超声斑点追踪显像(STI)技术观察兔心肌梗死室壁瘤形成后左心室舒张和收缩功能的变化特点.方法 以28只健康新西兰大白兔制作心肌梗死模型,饲养4周,23只兔成模并存活.以建模前超声检查作为对照组,术后4周复查超声并行病理学检查,根据有无室壁瘤形成分为心肌梗死组(n=11)和室壁瘤组(n=12).测量左心室二维超声指标后,应用PWD分别测量各组二尖瓣的舒张早期血流速度(E)、舒张晚期血流速度(A);应用STI技术分别测量各组左心室短轴瓣环水平、心尖水平各节段的旋转角度、短轴瓣环水平圆周应变率(SrC)和径向应变率(SrR)的收缩期峰值应变率(SrC-S,SrR-S)、舒张早期峰值应变率(SrC-E,SrR-E)、舒张晚期峰值应变率(SrC-A,SrR-A),计算左心室整体扭转角度及舒张早期与舒张晚期峰值应变率之比(SrCe/SrCa,SrRe/SrRa).结果 与对照组比较,心肌梗死组和室壁瘤组左心室整体扭转角度及SrCe/SrCa、SrRe/SrRa均减小,以室壁瘤组更显著(P均＜0.05);各组间E/A差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 兔心肌梗死室壁瘤形成后,E/A呈假性正常化,而短轴瓣环水平圆周和径向应变率、左心室整体扭转角度显著减小,左心室局部和整体舒张功能及收缩功能进一步恶化.     

应变率成像评价2型糖尿病患者左室局部功能早期损害的临床研究

目的探讨应变率成像技术评价2型糖尿病患者左室局部功能早期损害的临床价值。方法选取左室构型正常的2型糖尿病患者（糖尿病组）20例,健康者20例为对照组。应用常规超声心动图测量二尖瓣口舒张期血流E峰、A峰,计算E／A,应变率成像技术测量左室长轴方向18节段的心肌收缩期峰值应变率（SRs）、舒张早期峰值应变率（SRe）和舒张晚期峰值应变率（SRa）,并计算SRe／SRa,比较两组各参数的差异。结果糖尿病组E峰、E／A低于对照组,A峰高于对照组,糖尿病组各节段室壁运动收缩期SRs低于对照组,糖尿病组舒张期SRe、SRa和SRe／SRa均低于对照组（均P〈0．05）。结论应变率成像技术可以定量评价糖尿病患者的左室局部心肌应变率异常,SRs可以作为评价左室局部收缩功能的有效指标,SRe、SRa和SRe／SRa可以作为评价左室局部舒张功能的有效指标。     

斑点追踪成像评价实验兔心肌梗死后骨髓干细胞移植区域心肌收缩功能

目的 应用超声斑点追踪(STI)技术探讨兔左室心肌梗死区域骨髓干细胞移植后的心肌收缩功能.方法 24只健康新西兰兔,随机分为3组:正常对照组(假开胸组)、急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(结扎左冠状动脉前降支,造成左室前壁心肌梗死)和骨髓干细胞移植组(AMI后2周,对梗死区域进行干细胞移植),于骨髓干细胞移植后4周分别采集三组动物左室短轴基底段、中间段及心尖段的动态二维灰阶图像;应用STI技术分析左室不同水平各节段心内膜下心肌径向应变率(SrR)、周向应变率(SrC)、旋转率(RotR)及扭转角度(Rot),常规超声心动图测定左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室短轴缩短率(LVFS),心导管测量左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左室压力最大上升及下降速率(LVdp/dtmax).结果 与正常对照组比较,AMI组LVEDd显著增大,LVEF、LVFS显著减低,LVSP、LVdp/dtmax明显降低,LVEDP明显升高,左室前壁局部及左室短轴三水平整体SrR、SrC、RotR和左室Rot均降低;骨髓干细胞移植组LVEDd较AMI组显著减小,LVEF、LVFS明显升高,LVSP、LVdp/dtmax明显升高,LVEDP降低明显,左室前壁局部及左室短轴三水平整体SrR、SrC、RotR和左室Rot均升高,但与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 STI可准确评价骨髓干细胞移植区域的心肌功能.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the left ventricular(LV) regional myocardial systolic function after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) injection in rabbits with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle-tracking imaging.Methods Twenty-four healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:group of sham-operated,group of masculine control (AMI was induced by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery),and group of cell infusion(after two weeks of AMI,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were injected to the region of AMI).Four weeks after cell deliver two-dimensional strain images were acquired from LV short-axis view(at the levels of mitral annulus,muscle papillary and apex),radial strain rate (SrR),circumference strain rate (SrC),rotation rate (RotR) and rotation (Rot) of three levels in short-axis views were measured by speckle-tracking imaging.The conventional echocardiography indices included LV diameter of end diastole(LVEDd),LV ejection fraction(LVEF),LV fractional shortening(LVFS).The catheter indices included LV systolic pressure(LVSP),LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)and maximum rate of rise and descend of LV pressure(LVdp/dtmax).ResultsCompared with sham-operated group,rabbits had significantly larger LVEDd,lower LVEF and LVFS,lower LVSP and LVdp/dtmax,higher LVEDP in control group,SrR,SrC,RotR and Rot of LV anterior regional myocardial function and global myocardial function of three levels in short-axis views were lower.Compared with control group,the rabbits had significantly smaller LVEDd,larger LVEF and LVFS,larger LVSP and LVdp/dtmax,lower LVEDP,SrR,SrC,RotR and Rot of LV anterior regional myocardial function and global myocardial function of three levels in short-axis views were larger in group of cell infusion.There was no significant between group of cell infusion and group of sham-operated.Conclusions Speckle tracking imaging can evaluate the regional myocardial systolic function of the area of BMSCs transplantation accurately.     

斑点追踪成像评价冠心病患者左心室舒张期形变及解旋运动

目的 观察应用斑点追踪成像(STI)技术评价冠心病患者左心室舒张期形变及解旋运动的价值.方法 随机选择临床拟诊为冠心病患者117例,根据冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉CTA结果分成心肌梗死组(60例)、心肌缺血组(31例)及对照组(26例).常规测量二尖瓣口舒张期血流速度(E、A)及二尖瓣后瓣环的运动速度(E'、A'),计算E/E'.运用STI技术测量左心室舒张期各方向应变率、解旋率.结果 与心肌缺血组、对照组相比,心肌梗死组E/E'增大,纵向、径向、圆周方向舒张早期及晚期应变率、解旋率减低(P＜0.001);与对照组比较,心肌缺血组仅解旋率、舒张早期纵向应变率、舒张早期与晚期圆周方向应变率减低,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 STI技术能有效评价冠心病患者左心室舒张期各方向的形变及解旋运动;与常规超声参数相比较,左心室舒张期径向、圆周方向应变率及解旋率能更早地反映心肌缺血患者左心室舒张功能的减低.     

Assessment of the longitudinal and circumferential left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in healthy elderly individuals by tissue-Doppler echocardiography: relationship with heart rate

Tissue-Doppler echocardiography (TDE) has been introduced to quantify stress echocardiography by means of assessing the left ventricular (LV) segmental myocardial velocities and excursion. The interaction between LV long- and short-axis function during physical exercise has not been elucidated completely. The aim of the present study was to investigate long- and short-axis LV function, as assessed by myocardial velocities and excursions at rest and during exercise and its possible relationship with heart rate in healthy elderly individuals by TDE. Twenty-seven individuals underwent an exercise test in the supine position on a bicycle ergometer. The initial workload was 30 Watts, followed by 20-Watt increments every third minute. Standard echocardiographic images with super-imposed colour TDE were digitized at the end of each step. The following variables were studied in the LV long- and short-axis: myocardial peak systolic velocity (PSV) and excursion, isovolumic contraction and relaxation times, peak velocity at early diastole (E'-wave) and peak velocity at late diastole (A'-wave) and the E'/A' ratio. Increments in myocardial peak systolic velocity and excursion in the LV long-axis were more pronounced during low workloads. The increase in those variables in the short-axis occurred mainly at higher exercise loads. The improvement in LV long- and short-axis functions was closely related to the increase in the heart rate. Shortening of the isovolumic contraction and relaxation times occurred only at the initial stages of exercise. An increase in the long-axis E'/A' ratio occurred during exercise, whereas this ratio was unchanged in the short-axis. In conclusion, during exercise, the LV long- and short-axis functions behave differently, and increases in LV long- and short-axis functions are related to changes in heart rate. Therefore, in the interpretation of echocardiographic findings during exercise stress echocardiography, these facts have to be taken into account.     

Interstudy reproducibility of parameters of left ventricular diastolic function: a Doppler echocardiography study.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Interstudy reproducibility of echocardiography for the assessment of parameters of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is disputed. Therefore, we evaluated the reproducibility of echocardiography for assessment of LV diastolic Doppler parameters in 40 consecutive patients (age range: 19-77 years), who underwent 2 echocardiographic examinations by trained sonographers following a standard protocol, in conditions in which intrapatient sources of variability were minimized. RESULTS: Interstudy reproducibility of measurements of the ratio of early (E) to late (A) peak velocities of transmitral flow (E/A) at tips of the mitral valve leaflets was found to be very good and substantially greater than analogous measurement obtained at mitral annulus level. Reproducibility of measurement of atrial filling fraction was good both at tips of mitral leaflets and at annular level. Interstudy reproducibility of isovolumic relaxation time and E-wave deceleration time was moderate. Measurements of E-wave propagation rate and the ratio of early (E') to late (A') peak velocities of diastolic excursion of lateral mitral annulus (E'/A') by Doppler tissue were found highly reproducible. Intrastudy between-reading reproducibility of Doppler parameters of LV diastolic function were overall very good, except for E-wave deceleration time. However, 80% confidence interval of absolute between-study differences of diastolic parameters were relatively large, and ranged from -0.11 to +0.19 for E/A at tips of mitral valve; -5 to +9 cm/s for E-wave propagation rate; and -0.69 to +0.19 for Doppler tissue-derived E'/A'. CONCLUSIONS: Under a standardized echocardiographic protocol and sonographers' training program, echocardiography can be a reproducible method for serial assessment of Doppler parameters of LV diastolic function, especially in cohort studies.     

超声斑点跟踪成像对扩张型心肌病患者左室短轴二维应变的定量研究

目的 应用超声斑点跟踪成像技术(STI)对扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者左心室短轴各节段心肌的二维应变进行定量研究,探讨其变化情况.方法 对26例经临床证实的DCM患者,获取胸骨旁左室短轴二尖瓣环、乳头肌、心尖平面连续三个心动周期图像(三个平面显示左室18节段).应用GE EchoPAC软件分析各短轴平面的整体应变峰值和各节段的收缩期应变峰值.对照组为30例健康体检者,以相同方式获取图像.结果 对照组各平面间及同一平面内节段间收缩期应变峰值具有一定规律,DCM组失去这种规律.与对照组比较,DCM组左室整体应变峰值、所有节段径向应变峰值及左室18节段中16节段环向应变峰值明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 扩张型心肌病患者左室短轴各节段收缩期径向应变峰值及多数节段环向应变峰值明显低于正常人,提示其左室短轴收缩功能明显受损.     

Factors associated with mitral annular systolic and diastolic velocities in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND: Measurements of systolic mitral annular velocity (S'), early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E'), and late diastolic mitral annular velocity (A') are used to assess left ventricular (LV) function. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the relationship between septal and lateral annular velocities and determine whether these velocities are related to body size (including body mass index [BMI]), heart rate (HR), blood pressure, or LV mass. METHODS: A total of 60 healthy participants who were normotensive, between age 20 and 52 years, underwent standard echocardiography and measurement of septal and lateral S', E', and A'. RESULTS: The lateral velocity exceeded the septal velocity for S', E', and A'. There was only weak to moderate correlation between the velocities at the two sites (r = 0.43-0.60). Septal S' was positively correlated with height and HR, and lateral S' was correlated with HR. Septal E' was negatively correlated with age, BMI, LV mass, and diastolic blood pressure, but lateral E' was only negatively correlated with age and BMI. Septal A' was positively correlated with age, HR, and BMI, whereas lateral A' was only positively associated with age. CONCLUSIONS: S', E', and A' are not only of different magnitudes at the septal and lateral sites, but are not closely correlated. There are relationships between annular velocities and body size, HR, blood pressure, and LV mass that differ between the septal and lateral annulus, providing a possible explanation for the lack of close correlation in these velocities and suggesting that these variables may need to be considered when interpreting annular velocities.     

超声斑点追踪成像技术对2型糖尿病患者左心室扭转运动早期变化的初步研究

目的 探讨超声斑点追踪成像技术评价2型糖尿病患者左心室扭转运动早期变化的临床应用价值.方法 2型糖尿病患者66例,且左心室射血分数≥50%,其中单纯糖尿病41例,糖尿病并左心室肥厚25例,正常对照者37例.采集受检者胸骨旁短轴二尖瓣水平、心尖水平二维图像,测量各水平收缩期平均旋转角度峰值、各室壁节段旋转角度峰值,计算左心室整体扭转角度峰值.结果 与对照组比较,单纯糖尿病组各水平平均旋转角度峰值、心尖水平各室壁节段旋转角度峰值及左心室整体扭转角度峰值均较对照组增大（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.糖尿病并左心室肥厚组二尖瓣水平部分室壁节段、心尖水平各室壁节段旋转角度峰值及各水平平均旋转角度峰值较对照组增大（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,心尖水平部分室壁节段旋转角度峰值及平均旋转角度峰值较单纯糖尿病组增大（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,左心室整体扭转角度峰值较正常对照组和单纯糖尿病组大（P＜0.01）.结论 在左心室收缩功能正常时,单纯糖尿病患者左心室扭转角度增大,合并左心室肥厚者更加明显,超声斑点追踪成像能够较早识别糖尿病患者左心室扭转角度改变.     

斑点追踪技术对急性前壁心肌梗死患者左心室扭转及解旋运动的研究

目的 应用斑点追踪技术(STI)评价急件前壁心肌梗死(AMI)患者左心室扭转及解旋运动的变化.方法 38例AMI患者根据左室射血分数(LVEF)分为两组:LVEF正常组(LVEF≥45%,21例)和LVEF减低组(LVEF<45%,17例).20例正常人作为对照组.取左室心尖和心底短轴二维图像,应用EchoPAC超声工作站进行脱机分析,计算左室扭转角度峰值(Ptw)、收缩末期扭转角度(AVCtw)、等容舒张末期扭转角度(MVOtw)、解旋率(UntwR)、扭转速度峰值(PTV)、扭转速度达峰时间(TPTV)、解旋速度峰值(PUV)和解旋速度达峰时间(TPUV).结果 与对照组及LVEF正常组相比,LVEF减低组Ptw、AVCtw、MVOtw、UntwR明显减低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).三组之间PUV、PTV及TPTV差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).UntwR与LVEF及左室收缩末期容积有相关性.结论 STI技术可准确评价前壁AMI患者左室扭转及解旋.AMI患者LVEF减低组左室扭转角度及UntwR明显减低;左室扭转及解旋影响左窒收缩功能.