窦性心率震荡与心率变异性指标在急性冠状动脉综合征患者中变化特征对比

目的 探讨急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者窦性心率震荡（HRT）指标变化特征及其与心率变异性（HRV）的相关性.方法 对60例健康体检者和151例ACS的患者[分为不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组（71例）和急性心肌梗死（AMI）组（80例）]24 h动态心电图检查结果进行分析,检测HRT指标震荡初始（TO）、震荡斜率（TS）和HRV时域指标24 h窦性R-R间期标准差（SDNN）、全程相邻窦性R-R间期之差的均方根值（rMSSD）、相邻窦性R-R间期相差≥50 ms的心搏数占总窦性心搏数的百分比（PNN50）.比较HRT、HRV指标和HRT异常的发生率在各组间的差异,进一步探讨ACS患者HRT和HRV指标相关性.结果 UAP组和AMI组TO明显高于对照组[（1.31±1.03）％和（1.36±0.93）％比（0.19±0.09）％],TS明显低于对照组[（2.92±1.45）和（2.85±1.61） ms/RR间期比（4.24±2.86） ms/RR间期],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;UAP组和AMI组TO和TS比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.UAP组和AMI组HRV时域指标SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50明显低于对照组[（116.57±29.47）和（92.36±13.41） ms比（136.25±31.12） ms、（24.93±11.36）和（23.23±8.47） ms比（37.13±14.86）ms、（5.65±2.50）％和（4.53±2.81）％比（9.41±3.12）％],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;AMI组SDNN明显低于UAP组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;UAP组和AMI组rMSSD、PNN50比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.UAP组和AMI组HRT异常率明显高于对照组[80.3％（57/71）和88.8％（71/80）比41.7％（25/60）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.ACS患者TO与SDNN呈负相关（r=-0.276,P=0.029）,而TS与SDNN（r=0.312,P=0.046）、PNN50（r=0.138,P=0.035）、rMSSD（r=0.212,P=0.027）呈正相关.结论 ACS患者HRT、HRV变化从不同方面反映心脏迷走神经的功能受损,二者互相联系又相互独立.     

原发性高血压不同类型与窦性心率震荡关系

目的 探讨不同类型原发性高血压患者窦性心率震荡(HRT)的特点,评估窦性HRT指标对原发性高血压患者心脏自主神经功能损害的价值.方法 107例原发性高血压患者(高血压组)和46例健康体检者(健康对照组)均接受24 h动态心电图(Holter)检查,根据血压昼夜节律特点将高血压组分为杓型高血压组38例、非杓型高血压组53例及反杓型高血压组16例,分别比较各组HRT和心率变异性(HRV)各项指标,并分析震荡初始(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)与24 h平均收缩压、舒张压等指标之间的关系.结果 高血压组TO、TS、窦性RR间期标准差(SDNN)与健康对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).非杓型高血压组及反杓型高血压组TO明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05),TS则明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.05);而杓型高血压组TO、TS与健康对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).同时非杓型高血压组和反杓型高血压组的TO明显高于杓型高血压组,TS则明显低于杓型高血压组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).相关性分析显示,TO与平均心率和年龄呈正相关(Spearman等级相关系数=0.265,P=0.004;Spearman等级相关系数=0.217,P=0.018),与SDNN和左室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(Spearman等级相关系数=-0.287,P=0.002;Spearman等级相关系数=-0.179,P=0.049).TS与平均心率和年龄呈负相关(r=-0.335,P=0.015;r=-0.238,P=0.009),而与SDNN和LVEF呈正相关(r=0.540,P=0.001;r=0.432,P=0.001).结论 在原发性高血压患者中,血压昼夜节律异常者窦性HRT减弱或消失,提示窦性HRT在评估原发性高血压患者心脏自主神经功能损害方面有一定价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore sinus heart rate turbulence (HRT) in patients with different subtypes of essential hypertension (EH), and analyze the relationship between HRT and autonomic nervous system function damage in these patients. Methods The study consisted of 107 patients with EH (EH group) and 46 controls (control group). Based on 24 hours dynamic electrocardiogram, all patients were divided into dipper,non-dipper,and anti-dipper blood pressure group. The indexes about HRT and heart rate variability (HRV) among these groups were calculated and compared,and the relationship between turbulence onset (TO),turbulence slope (TS) and 24 hours mean systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure was analyzed. Results There were significant differences in TO,TS,SDNN between EH group and control group(P ＜ 0.05 ). TO in non-dipper and anti-dipper blood pressure group was significantly higher than that in control group( P ＜ 0.05 ), and TS was lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in TO,TS between dipper blood pressure group and control group (P ＞ 0.05). TO in non-dipper and anti-dipper blood pressure group was significantly higher than that in dipper blood pressure group, but TS was lower than that in dipper blood pressure group (P ＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that TO had positive relationship with average heart rate and age (rs = 0.265, P = 0.004;rs = 0.217, P = 0.018 ), but had negative correlation with SDNN and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (rx = -0.287,P = 0.002;rx =-0. 179, P = 0.049). Whereas, TS had negative correlation with average heart rate and age (r = -0.335, P =0.015 ;r = -0.238,P= 0.009), but had positive relationship with SDNN and LVEF(r = 0.540,P = 0.001 ;r =0.432,P = 0.001 ). Conclusions HRT of EH patients becomes significantly low. It suggests that the autonomic nerve function in EH patients be injured seriously.     

冠心病患者窦性心率震荡及心率变异性的变化

目的 对冠心病患者窦性心率震荡（HRT）及心率变异性（HRV）指标进行分析,评价冠心病、冠脉病变与HRT、HRV的关系,以及两种指标的相关性.方法 选择经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者103例（A组）,其中稳定性心绞痛（SAP）患者35例（A1组）、不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）患者28例（A2组）、急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者40例（A3组）与有室性期前收缩但无器质性心脏病患者30例为健康对照组（B组）,行常规24 h动态心电图检查,测定HRT指标（震荡起始TO及震荡斜率TS）及HRV各时域指标（SDNN、PNN50、HF）.结果 （1）A组各亚组TO值明显高于B组（-4.17±2.75、-3.16±3.18、-0.96±2.92;-6.30±3.47）,TS值明显低于B组（6.81±3.18、5.12±3.31、3.20±1.71;9.52±3.85）（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）;A组各亚组HRV各时域指标（SDNN、PNN50、HF）值均明显低于B组（P＜0.05）;（2）在A1组中,TO与冠脉评分呈正相关;TS、SDNN、PNN50、HF与冠脉评分呈负相关,其中与TS相关性最强（r=0.45）;（3）TO与SDNN、PNN50、HF均呈负相关;TS与SDNN、PNN50、HF均呈正相关,其中与HF的相关性相对较强（r=0.47）.结论 （1）冠心病患者HRT现象变钝（TO值升高,TS值降低）,HRV各时域指标降低;（2）在预测冠脉病变严重程度上,HRT参数特别是TS相对HRV指标能更敏感地反映冠脉严重程度;（3）HRT与HRV参数间有相关性,其中TS与HF相关性较强.     

急性心肌梗死患者窦性心率震荡现象的临床价值分析

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死患者窦性心率震荡的临床价值.方法 选取86例急性心肌梗死患者(心肌梗死组)和60例有室性期前收缩的健康体检者(非心肌梗死组)进行24 h动态心电图监测,比较两组室性期前收缩后的震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS).结果 心肌梗死组T0高于非心肌梗死组(P＜0.01);TS低于非心肌梗死组(P＜0.01).死亡组TO高于非死亡组(P＜0.05),TS低于非死亡组(P＜0.05).心肌梗死组中TO异常50例(58.1%),TS异常58例(67.4%),非心肌梗死组分别为10例(16.7%)和6例(10.0%),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).T0和TS均异常的52例中死亡24例(46.2%),TO或TS异常的28例中死亡7例(25.0%),TO和TS均正常的6例中死亡1例(16.7%),三种情况病死率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 急性心肌梗死患者窦性心率震荡现象减弱或消失时病死率增高,及时监测分析心肌梗死患者TO和TS对预测猝死高危患者及危险分层有重要临床价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical utility of the sinus rhythm turbulence in the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods All day the dynamic electrocardiogram was monitored in 36 patients with AMI (AMI group) and 60 healthy subjects with ventricular premature beat (VPB) (control group),the TO value and TS value after VPB was compared between two groups. Results The TO value after VPB in AMI group was higher than that in control group (P＜0.01), the TS value after VPB in AMI group was lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01). The TO value in the non-survivors with AMI was higher than that in the survivors,while their TS value was lower with a significant difference (P＜ 0.01). The irregular positive rate of the TO value and the TS value in the patients with AMI was 58.1%(50/86) and 67.4%(58/86), while that of the healthysubjects was 16.7%(10/60) and 10.0%(6/60) with a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05). The research from the follow-up visit of the selected patients in 2 years showed that death rate of the patients with both irregular TO and TS was 46.2% (24/52), the death rate with either irregular TO or TS was 25.0%(7/28), the death rate with both regular TO and TS was 16.7%(1/6), and the difference of the three phenomenon was significant (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion As long as the sinus rhythm turbulence of the patients with AMI disappears or declines,the death rate increases, and to monitor and analyze their TO and TS in time is helpful for us to avoid the sudden death of the patients and to discover the levels of their risks.     

老年高血压患者窦性心率震荡的研究

目的 研究老年高血压患者心率震荡(HRT)的特点,评估HRT指标对老年高血压患者心脏自主神经功能损害的价值.方法 选择老年高血压患者58例作为观察组,再根据血压昼夜节律特点,分为3个亚组:杓型组17例,非杓型组22例,反杓型组19例,选择体检健康者18例作为对照组.比较组间震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS),分析TO、TS与24 h平均收缩压、舒张压、脉压、心率变异性的相关性.结果 观察组T0(%)[-7.1～6.8(-0.3)]>对照组[-5.8～-0.1(-1.9)](P<0.01),TS(ms)(7.53±4.05)<对照组(10.01±3.72)(P<0.05);非杓型组和反杓型组TO[分别为-6.7～6.5(-0.3),-7.1～6.8(0.5)]>对照组[-5.8～-0.1(-1.9)](P<0.05),非杓型组TS(6.79±2.99)<对照组(10.01±3.72)(P<0.05),反杓型组TS(6.51±3.71)<对照组(10.01±3.72)(P<0.01);TO与总体标准差(SDNN)呈负相关(P<0.05);TO与平均值的标准差(SDANN),TS与SDNN、SDANN无相关性(P>0.05);TO、TS与24 h平均收缩压、舒张压、脉压均无相关性(P>0.05).结论 老年高血压患者HRT指标较对照组差异具有统计学意义,血压昼夜节律异常患者HRT明显减弱.提示HRT在评估老年高血压患者心脏自主神经功能损害方面具有一定价值.     

急性心肌梗死患者早期心律震荡与梗死面积及预后的关系研究

[目的]探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者早期心律震荡(HRT)与梗死面积及预后的关系。[方法]选择165例早期AMI患者进行24h动态心电图(Holter)检查,计算HRT的两个参数:震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS),并对TO、TS进行分析。所有患者根据是否发生心源性死亡分为死亡组和生存组。规定12导心电图中病理性Q波导联数≥4者为大面积梗死,≤3者为小面积梗死。组间比较采用χ2检验。[结果]死亡组TO≥0且TS≤2.5ms/RR间期的阳性率显著高于生存组(P﹤0.01)。大面积AMI组TO≥0且TS≤2.5ms/RR间期的阳性率显著高于小面积AMI组(P﹤0.01)。[结论]TO,TS值的变化与AMI患者早期的心源性死亡及梗死面积密切相关。HRT的减弱或消失可作为预测AMI患者早期发生恶性心脏事件的敏感指标之一。     

窦性心率震荡结合室性早搏在AMI患者远期预后中的价值

目的探讨AMI患者行PCI术后,窦性心率震荡与室性早搏在其远期预后中的价值。方法67例在住院期间发生室性心律失常的AMI患者,按随访结果分死亡组和生存组。比较室早宽度、切迹数、窦性心率震荡TO、TS;并作多变量Logistic回归分析。结果生存组与死亡组的室早宽度、切迹数、TS比较有显著差异性(P<0.01);TO无显著差异(P>0.05);室早切迹数和TS与远期死亡有相关性(OR=4.641[1.376,15.653],P<0.05;OR=0.111[0.022,0.552],P<0.01)。结论HRT参数TS值与室早切迹数在急性心肌梗死患者的远期预后中有重要价值。     

慢性心力衰竭患者心率震荡现象的临床意义

目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者窦性心率震荡(HBT)的临床意义.方法 30例CHF患者(CHF组)及28例非器质性心脏病患者(对照组)行24 h动态心电图检查.根据NYHA心功能分级,将CHF组分为轻度CHF组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)16例及重度CHF组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)14例;CHF组中缺血性心脏病18例及非缺血性心脏病12例.分析比较各组HRT的初始值(TO)及震荡斜率(TS)两项指标.结果 CHF组TO值[(0.43±0.83)%]较对照组[(-1.49±1.00)%]明显增高(P＜0.05),CHF组TS值[(2.67±0.66)ms/RRI]较对照组[(8.52±2.09)ms/RRI]明显降低(P＜0.05).重度CHF组TO值[(0.79±0.67)%]较轻度CHF组[(0.12±0.86)%]明显增高(P=0.026),重度CHF组TS值[(2.88±0.79)ms/RRI]较轻度CHF组[(2.40±0.35)ms/RRI]明显增高(P=0.045).缺血性心脏病与非缺血性心脏病患者TO及TS值比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CHF组中TO及TS值同时异常(TO≥0,TS≤2.5 ms/RRI)占53.3%(16/30),而TO或TS值仅1项异常占40.0%(12/30),CHF组HRT检测异常率为93.3%(28/30).结论 CHF患者HRT现象明显减弱,HRT可作为CHF严重程度的有效观测指标,对CHF患者预后的预测起指导作用.     

窦性心律震荡和QT离散度对老年慢性心功能不全猝死的预测价值比较

目的探讨窦性心律震荡(heart rate turbulence,HRT)对老年慢性心功能不全猝死的预测价值及与QTd的比较.方法慢性心功能不全患者82例,LVEF＞0.45组35例,LVEF 0.35～0.45组38例,LVEF 0.25～0.34组9例.存活50例,死亡32例,其中猝死16例.全部进行TO、TS、QTd测量并比较.结果存活组与猝死组比较差异显著(χ2=18.96,P＜0.01);LVEF＞0.45组与LVEF 0.35～0.45组比较差异不显著(χ2=3.05,P＞0.05),LVEF 0.35～0.45组与LVEF 0.25～0.34组比较差异显著(χ2=6.13,P＜0.01),LVEF＞0.45组与LVEF 0.25～0.34比较差异显著(χ2=12.84,P＜0.01);在各组中TO/TS异常比QTd异常例数略多,但均未达到统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论窦性HRT和QTd对慢性心功能不全患者危险程度评估都是一种简便、有效的方法之一,但由于窦性HRT需要在有室早时才能检测,故在临床应用中受到一定限制,二者可以互相补充.     

美托洛尔缓释片对代谢综合征患者心率震荡的影响

[目的]观察代谢综合征患者与对照组心率震荡的变化及美托洛尔缓释片对代谢综合征心率震荡的影响。[方法]①检测代谢综合征及对照组心率震荡的差别。②单纯的MS(A组)及伴有靶器官损害的MS(B组)经美托洛尔缓释片干预后,治疗前后两组心率震荡的差别。[结果]MS组与对照组间TO、TS、LVEF差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),MS组低于对照组,A组与B组比较,显示A组TS、LVEF较B组降低(P﹤0.05),TO无统计学意义,经美托洛尔干预治疗后,MS组治疗前后比较,结果显示前后TO、TS比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),LVEF比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]MS存在着心率震荡的异常,尤其是伴有靶器官损害者,经过美托洛尔干预后,心率震荡明显改善,而LVEF无改变。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.