Serum CK-MB isoenzyme after aortic and mitral valve replacements

A release of the MB fraction of creatine kinase (CK) enzyme into the serum due to myocardial manipulation and trauma occurs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Thus, the appearance of CK-MB activity as such is not sufficient to indicate of perioperative myocardial infarction. The mean (+/- SD) serum CK-MB isoenzyme level was 95 +/- 103 U/l 18 hours after aortic or mitral valve replacement in 76 patients. Thirteen patients undergoing closure of an atrial septal defect served as controls. They had a significantly lower (p less than 0.01) isoenzyme level postoperatively: 45 +/- 39 U/l. Two patients had the ECG changes of definite myocardial infarction after valve replacement and they also showed high CK-MB values, while the other patients with high enzyme level had no ECG signs suggesting acute infarction. CK-MB values correlated with the aortic cross-clamping time (r = 0.39, p less than 0.001) and weakly with the precordial ECG voltage of SV1 + RV5 (r = 0.25, p less than 0.01). While these findings may reflect the sensitivity of a thick myocardial wall to ischaemia during surgery, the postoperative recovery was not related to the serum CK-MB level.     

Serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MB concentration after endomyocardial biopsy

Serum total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB and myoglobin (Mb) were serially determined in 17 patients who underwent endomyocardial biopsy. Mean total CK levels increased from 36 +/- 27 U/l 30 min before biopsy to a maximum of 112 +/- 77 U/l 8 h following the procedure (p less than 0.05). Similarly, Mb concentrations rose from 57 +/- 55 micrograms/l to 119 +/- 57 micrograms/l 30 min after biopsy (p less than 0.05). Normalization of total CK and Mb levels occurred within 16 and 8 h, respectively. A new immunoenzymetric assay (IEMA) was used to measure the mass concentration of the CK-MB molecule. The initial CK-MB levels were 0.2 +/- 0.4 microgram/l; a small but significant elevation was recorded as early as 2 h after biopsy (1.6 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l, p less than 0.05). CK-MB returned to initial concentration 16 h after the beginning of the procedure. Comparison with the maximum CK-MB levels recorded in 16 myocardial infarction patients (258 +/- 172 micrograms/l, range 90-680 micrograms/l) indicated that the modest increase of CK-MB level detected after biopsy probably reflects a limited endomyocardium lesion at the sampling site, excluding any significant myocardial damage. Total CK and Mb, which showed more pronounced elevations than CK-MB, are likely to originate from other sources than the myocardium.     

血清心肌肌钙蛋白-I、肌酸激酶同工酶对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病心肌损伤的诊断价值

目的 探讨血清心肌肌钙蛋白I（CTn-I）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）及CK-MB／CK对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿心肌损伤的诊断价值。方法 对2001年8月至2003年12月78例HIE患儿与对照组同期入住新生儿病房26例无缺氧性脑痛的患儿于出生后18～24h取血，分别用快速固相免疫层析法、NAC-免疫抑制法、NAC法测定血清CTn-I、CK、CK-MB并计算CK-MB／CK值。结果 对照组、轻、中、重HIE四组患者间血清CTn-I、CK、CK-MB有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。其中3例重度HIE伴阵发性室性心动过速，CTn-I〉125ng／L；而CK-MB虽有升高，但无明显差异；CK-MB／CK值在各组中无明显差异。结论 重视对HIE患儿心脏功能的监测与治疗，对改善患儿的预后具有非常重要的意义，在评价HIE患儿心肌损伤时，CTn-I是比CK-MB及CK更敏感、更具有特异性的指标，所以CK-MB／CK不宜作为HIE患儿心肌损伤的生化指标。     

Serum cardiac markers response to biphasic and monophasic electrical cardioversion for supraventricular tachyarrhythmia--a randomised study

BACKGROUND: Electrical cardioversion in patients with various types of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT) may induce serum cardiac markers elevation. Only a few studies have evaluated the impact of the type of shock waveform on electrical myocardial injury. The aim of our study was to compare the response of serum cardiac markers to biphasic and monophasic cardioversion for SVT. METHODS: One hundred and forty one patients with various SVTs referred for electrical cardioversion were randomised to monophasic (MP) or biphasic (BP) cardioversion. Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), MB fraction of CK (CK-MB), myoglobin and troponin I were analysed before cardioversion and 254+/-58 min after the procedure. RESULTS: Average age of the patients was 67.9+/-11.3 years, 71 underwent BP and 70 MP cardioversion. In MP group, cumulative energy (CE)>150J was associated with significant elevation of CK and myoglobin levels after cardioversion (1.52+/-3.81 microkat/l and 187+/-433 microg/l), while CE<150J was not (-0.04+/-0.34 and 4+/-11, p<0.05). In BP group, CE>150J was associated with significant but smaller CK elevation (0.27+/-1.09 microkat/l, p<0.05) and comparable myoglobin elevation (80.7+/-21.4 microg/l, p<0.05). CE>150J was the only independent positive predictor for CK and myoglobin elevation in both groups. No significant changes in CK-MB and Troponin I levels after cardioversion were identified. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, electrical cardioversion for SVTs is not associated with biochemical signs of myocardial injury. Application of CE>150J can be followed by CK and myoglobin elevation most likely due to skeletal muscle damage. This reaction is more pronounced in MP than in BP cardioversion.     

免疫抑制法检测肌酸激酶同工酶活性高于肌酸激酶的临床价值分析

目的探讨免疫抑制法检测肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)结果高于肌酸激酶(CK)活性的临床价值。方法回顾分析4例免疫抑制法检测CK-MB结果高于CK活性的病例,并比较心内科与脑外科心肌酶谱检测结果CK-MB/CK比值。结果结果4例病例中3例为颅脑损伤,1例为结肠癌术后,4例病例均无心肌损伤;脑外科CK-MB/CK比值明显高于心内科(P<0.05)。结论免疫抑制法检测CK-MB活性假性高于CK活性,或CK-MB/CK比值上高有重要的脑损伤警示价值。     

缺血预适应在合并急性前壁心肌梗死的糖尿病患者中的临床研究

目的探讨缺血预适应(ischemic preconditioning,IP)对合并急性前壁心肌梗死的糖尿病患者梗死面积和左室功能的近期影响。方法114例行急诊冠状动脉造影示梗死相关动脉为前降支近段病变并进行成功经皮冠状动脉成形术(PCI)术的首次急性前壁心肌梗死患者,其中有63例合并有糖尿病,分组比较IP对肌酸激酶(CK)及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值浓度和左室功能的影响。共分为4组:非糖尿病IP组23例(A组);非糖尿病非IP组28例(B组);糖尿病IP组28例(C组);糖尿病非IP组(D组)35例。结果CK、CK-MB的峰值浓度A组显著低于B组(P<0.01),左室射血分数值A组显著高于B组(P<0.01)。C组与D组比较各项指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论IP在无糖尿病的急性前壁心肌梗死患者中可能有助于限制梗死面积,保护左室功能,而在合并糖尿病的急性前壁心肌梗死患者中,未观察到上述心脏保护作用。     

Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase in sera of patients after myocardial infarction

Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were studied in the sera of 42 patients following acute myocardial infarction and compared to creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Mitochondrial AST( ASTm ) was detected in 93% (39/42) of patients. Maximum recorded ASTm activity was 59.5 +/- 8.8 U/l and was found 39.4 +/- 3.5 hours after the onset of symptoms (chest pain) of myocardial infarction. In contrast the maximum recorded cytoplasmic AST ( ASTc ) activity was greater (327 +/- 23 U/l) and it occurred earlier (33.5 +/- 2.2 hours) after onset of infarction compared to ASTm . ASTm correlated significantly (p less than 0.05) with ASTc , LDH and ALT but not with total CK or CK-MB. ASTc correlated significantly (p less than 0.05) with total CK, CK-MB and LDH but not ALT. Maximum recorded ASTm activity was significantly associated with the clinical assessment of left ventricular failure ( Killip classification) but not with ventricular arrhythmias. In a subset of 15 patients evaluated with invasive hemodynamic measurements of cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. ASTm correlated significantly (p less than 0.05) and better than CK-MB with the hemodynamic assessment of left ventricular dysfunction. Thus ASTSm can be readily identified in sera of patients after acute myocardial infarction and may be of value in the evaluation of patients with acute myocardial infarction.     

Differentiating muscle damage from myocardial injury by means of the serum creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme MB mass measurement/total CK activity ratio

We immunoenzymometrically measured creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme MB in extracts of myocardium and in homogenates of five different skeletal muscles. CK-MB concentrations in the former averaged 80.9 micrograms/g wet tissue; in the skeletal muscles it varied widely, being (e.g.) 25-fold greater in diaphragm than in psoas. CK-MB in skeletal muscles ranged from 0.9 to 44 ng/U of total CK; the mean for myocardium was 202 ng/U. In sera from 10 trauma and 36 burn patients without myocardial involvement, maximum ratios for CK-MB mass/total CK activity averaged 7 (SEM 1) ng/U and 18 (SEM 6) ng/U, respectively. Except for an infant (220 ng/U), the highest ratio we found for serum after muscular damage was 38 ng/U. In contrast, the mean maximum ratio determined in 23 cases of acute myocardial infarction exceeded 200 ng/U. Among seven determinations performed 8 to 32 h after onset of symptoms, each infarct patient demonstrated at least one ratio greater than or equal to 110 ng/U. Ratios observed after infarct were unrelated to treatment received during the acute phase. We propose a CK-MB/total CK ratio of 80 ng/U as the cutoff value for differentiating myocardial necrosis from muscular injury.     

川崎病患儿血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ变化及临床意义

目的 :探讨心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ (cTnI)在川崎病急性期心肌损伤的诊断价值。方法 :检测川崎病 (KD)组 (n =5 6 )及对照组(n =2 0 )患儿血清cTnI、肌酸激酶 (CK)、肌酸激酶同功酶 (CK -MB)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)浓度。结果 :KD组与对照组血清CK、LDH浓度无显著差别 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而血清cTnI、CK -MB浓度明显高于对照组水平 (P <0 .0 0 1)。在诊断KD患儿急性期心肌损伤上cTnI优于CK -MB(P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :cTnI与CK -MB对KD患儿急性期心肌损伤有诊断价值 ;与CK -MB比较 ,cTnI具有高度特异性、灵敏度 ,指导早期IVIG治疗 ,从而减少KD患儿心血管并发症的发生。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病合并心肌损害相关因素分析

目的 :探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (NHIE)伴心肌损害的心电图、血清心肌酶学改变与HIE分度的相互关系 ,心肌损害与窒息恢复时间的关系。方法 :对 16 5例HIE伴心肌损害的患儿出生后 4 8h以内的血清LDH(乳酸脱氢酶 )、CK (肌酶激酶 )、CK -MB (肌酶激酶同功酶 )、HBDH (a -羟丁酸脱氢酶 )的含量进行测定 ,并作心电图检查。结果 :心肌损害与窒息恢复时间呈明显正相关 ,P <0 0 1。 83例 (83/16 5 )患儿心电图出现改变 ,重度组改变分别大于轻、中度组 ,轻度组大于中度组。经方差分析显示 :心肌酶中CK、CK -MB变化与HIE的分度呈正相关性 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;12例 (12 /16 5 )病人于出生后 12h内出现心肌酶谱变化 ,而其中 8例的酶谱变化出现于生后 6h内。结论 :心肌损害和窒息恢复时间密切相关 ,常规检测心肌酶、心电图对HIE伴心肌损害的程度及预后判断 ,以及指导临床治疗有较大参考价值 ;生后 12小时内即可监测心肌酶学变化     

Creatine kinase MB in cases of skeletal muscle trauma

Fifty-eight patients admitted through our emergency room with severe skeletal muscle injury but no obvious cardiac contusions were evaluated for creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB). When such patients show an above-normal value for total CK, it is a question of whether or not myocardial injury has been sustained along with skeletal muscle injury when (a) there are no obvious chest contusions or (b) the patient is unconscious and unable to complain of chest pain. Whenever there is doubt concerning the cardiac status of a patient, lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes, serial electrocardiograms, and CK isoenzymes are ordered. Our study revealed that serum of 8.6% of the trauma victims had CK-MB values exceeding 5.0 EU/L (reflecting abnormal CK-MB concentrations) as part of their increased total CK. All patients had normal electrocardiographic patterns along with negative results for LD isoenzymes; none had sustained any demonstrable myocardial injury. The CK-MB value must be interpreted together with the total CK value for appropriate diagnosis in patients with skeletal muscle trauma.     

Leukocyte filtration in the early reperfusion phase on cardiopulmonary bypass reduces myocardial injury

Improved myocardial protection and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have limited, but not abolished, intraoperative myocardial damage due to surgical reperfusion injury after release of the aortic crossclamp. In this double-blind, randomized study, we evaluated whether short-term leukocyte filtration during reperfusion may further reduce myocardial damage. Thirty-eight patients with coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to CPB with (group I; n = 19) or without leukocyte filtration (group II; n = 19). There was no difference in bypass time or crossclamp time between the groups. No patient in group I required catecholamines, whereas three patients in group II were supported with adrenaline or dobutamine on the first and second postoperative day. In addition, troponin T plasma levels were lower in group I (p < 0.05), whereas other markers for tissue injury (CK, CK-MB, LDH, S-GOT and S100B) did not differ. In conclusion, leukocyte filtration during reperfusion may further improve CPB by reducing myocardial damage.     

病毒性脑炎血清心肌酶的变化及其临床意义

目的研究病毒性脑炎时血清心肌酶的变化及其临床意义。方法收集病毒性脑炎（病脑组）48例,另有体检正常者40例为对照组。采用东芝全自动生化分析仪,以酶速率法测定所有患者的血清天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶心肌型同工酶（CK-MB）、a-羟丁酸脱氢酶（a-HBDH）水平。结果62．5％（30／48）病脑组血清心肌酶出现异常,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;病脑组患者血清中AST、LDH、CK水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．05或〈0．01）,病脑组CK-MB、a-HBDH水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论病毒性脑炎常伴随心肌细胞损伤,血清心肌酶水平升高,对该类患者应常规行血清心肌酶测定。     

Serum enzymes in acute myocardial infarction after intracoronary thrombolysis

Serum kinetics of total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB isoenzyme, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) activities were studied in twenty patients with acute myocardial infarction randomly assigned to receive either intracoronary urokinase (group A) or conventional (control) therapy (group B). The temporal characteristics of enzyme changes described were the time lag from onset of chest pain until maximum catalytic concentration value, the rate at which enzymes are released into blood, the peak value of the serum enzyme curves and (d) the fractional disappearance rate (Kd) for each enzyme considered. Thrombolytic treatment induced earlier peak times in group A: for CK, 10.8 vs 27.0 h, for CK-MB, 10.4 vs 23.1, for AST, 13.9 vs 31.3, for LD, 24.4 vs 49.1, and for HBD, 20.5 vs 48.5 (for all enzymes, p less than 0.001). The maximal rate of release for the enzymes was at least twofold greater in group A. Enzyme peak activities and Kd were not significantly different between the groups. The most significant discrimination between the two groups was obtained with AST peak time (Hartz overlap index (Oi) = 0.11) and CK-MB peak time (Oi = 0.12).     

Early elevation of S-100B protein in blood after cardiac surgery is not a predictor of ischemic cerebral injury

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that early changes in S-100B levels after cardiac surgery are nonspecific and mostly reflect damage to tissues outside the brain rather than ischemic brain damage. METHODS: We measured serum levels of S-100B at several times perioperatively in 21 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In addition, we measured levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), creatine kinase (CK), the cardiac isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB), and myoglobin (MB) in these patients. RESULTS: Early increases in serum S-100B concentration were significantly (p<0.01) correlated with increases in markers of tissue injury outside the brain: S-100B/CK: r(2)=0.69; S-100B/CK-MB: r(2)=0.64; S-100B/myoglobin: r(2)=0.60; S-100B/NSE: r(2)=0.51; CK/NSE: r(2)=0.60; CK-MB/NSE: r(2)=0.59; and myoglobin/NSE: r(2)=0.54. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that increases in S-100B in the early phase after cardiac surgery are not due to release of S-100B from brain alone but also from tissue outside the brain.     

川芎嗪预处理对体外循环后心肌损伤的保护作用

目的探讨川芎嗪预处理在体外循环(CPB)心脏手术中的心肌保护作用及机制。方法28例非发绀型先天性心脏病患者,随机分为对照组和川芎嗪预处理组,每组14例。川芎嗪预处理组患者麻醉诱导后经颈内静脉滴入川芎嗪3mg/kg,30min滴完,转流后追加1mg/kg于氧合器中,对照组于上述时间给予等量生理盐水。两组分别于转流前、主动脉开放后30min和术后24h测定外周血天冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)和肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的变化。同时,分别于转流前和主动脉开放后30min取右心耳心肌组织,观察心肌超微结构变化。结果两组主动脉阻断时间比较差异无统计学意义。CPB期间两组患者心肌损伤指标AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB明显升高(P<0.05),川芎嗪组心肌酶含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。川芎嗪组心肌超微结构受损较对照组为轻。川芎嗪组CPB后线粒体计分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论川芎嗪预处理使患者心肌超微结构损害减轻,心肌线粒体结构和功能的完整性得到保护,心肌酶漏出减少,故川芎嗪预处理在CPB手术中有较好的心肌保护作用和应用前景。     

Myoglobin,creatine kinase MB isoforms and creatine kinase MB mass in early diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with acute chest pain

OBJECTIVES: Measurements of myoglobin and creatine kinase (CK)-MB isoforms have been suggested to be sensitive tests for the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). We have investigated the utility of myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK)-MB isoforms and creatine kinase MB mass (CK-MBm) in early diagnosis of MI using cardiac troponin T (cTnT) positivity as a reference. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study population comprised 440 patients who had had chest pain for less than 12 h. Patients were divided into cTnT negative (cTnT-) or cTnT positive (cTnT+) patients (concentration of cTnT >0.1 microg/L at two different time points during 72 h). RESULTS: At the time of admission to the emergency department receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of CK-MB isoforms and CK-MBm were not better than that of myoglobin. Six hours after admission CK-MB isoforms and CK-MBm provided statistically significantly larger areas under the curve (AUC) than myoglobin (p < 0.01). When ROC curves were related to the onset of chest pain (< 3 h, 3-6 h, and > 6 h) there were no significant differences between the cardiac markers studied. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present findings, CK-MB isoforms or myoglobin offer no advantage over CK-MBm as early markers of myocardial infarction.     

还原型谷胱甘肽预防表阿霉素心脏毒性的观察

目的观察外源性还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)预防表阿霉素心脏毒性的疗效。方法60例乳腺癌术后患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例。治疗组接受连续6个周期CEF方案化疗+GSH治疗;对照组仅采用CEF方案化疗。化疗前、化疗3个周期及6个周期后,利用心电图、心肌酶、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)、常规超声心动图及组织多普勒超声技术评价两组患者化疗后的心脏毒性。结果化疗3个周期后,两组患者的心电改变、cTnⅠ损伤情况、左心室射血分数(EF)、左心室短轴缩短率(FS)、二尖瓣舒张早期流速峰值/舒张晚期流速峰值(E/A)、E峰流速时间(DT)、心肌肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)等无显著性差异(P>0.05),舒张功能参数Em/Am有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。化疗6个周期后,两组患者的EF、FS、心肌酶CK、CK-MB、LDH无显著性差异(P>0.05);心电改变、cTnI损伤情况有显著性差异(P<0.05);舒张功能参数E/A、DT、Em/Am有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论GSH对表阿霉素引起的心脏毒性有防治作用,机制可能与GSH的抗氧化及抑制钙超载有关。     

ICU冠心病患者超声心动图与心肌酶的关系及意义

目的探讨ICU冠心病患者的超声心动图与心肌酶水平的关系和意义。方法选取我院2018年7月至2019年7月在ICU治疗的冠心病患者50例作为观察组;并选取同一时期来我院的健康体检者50例作为对照组。应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪行超声心动图检查;并采集两组的空腹外周静脉血,分离血清,并采用酶速率法测定肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和羟丁酸脱氢酶(HB-DH)水平。结果应用超声心动图检测冠心病的检出率为84.0%;观察组左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)明显高于对照组,左室射血分数(LVEF)明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的CK、CK-MB和HB-DH水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson检验,冠心病患者血清CK、CK-MB和HB-DH水平均与LVEF呈直线负相关性(r分别=-0.684、-0.658、-0.662,P均<0.001)。结论ICU冠心病患者超声心动图和心肌酶水平呈现出良好的线性关系,可能对心肌损伤程度具有一定的指示作用,对病情评估有重要价值。     

肌酸激酶及其同工酶、肌红蛋白等在电烧伤患者中的应用

目的探讨肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）及心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肌红蛋白（Myo）在电烧伤患者中的应用。方法检测电烧伤患者（包括电击伤和电弧伤）的CK、CK．MB、HBDH的含量及cTnI与Myo的阳性率，并与急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者和健康对照组进行比对分析。结果电烧伤患者的CK、CK-MB、HBDH的含量及cTnI与Myo的阳性率均显著高于健康对照组（P〈0．01）；电烧伤患者的CK、CK-MB和Myo的阳性率明显高于ACS组（P〈0．01），HBDH的测定值与ACS组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而cTnI的阳性率则低于ACS组。电击伤组Myo的阳性率明显高于电弧伤组（P〈0．01）。讨论CK、CK-MB、HBDH水平及Myo阳性率的增高可能是触电导致肌肉损伤引起的，与心脏损伤不一定有关。cTnI可用于判定电烧伤患者是否出现心脏损害。