283例股骨颈骨折人工关节置换术后并发症的临床观察

目的 探讨股骨颈骨折行人工关节置换的术后并发症。方法 回顾分析283例股骨颈骨折行人工全髋关节或人工股骨头置换术患者。术后随访2～10年，平均5．6年。结果 共出现如下并发症：假体松动42例，髋臼磨损15例，股骨头假体术后脱位3例，切口感染5例，坐骨神经损伤3例，深静脉血栓形成3例，假体柄穿出股骨上段1例，髋臼外缘骨折1例。结论 并发症产生的原因与手术操作、假体质量、个体体质差异有关。     

人工关节置换治疗偏瘫患肢股骨颈骨折

目的 探讨脑血管意外偏瘫患肢股骨颈骨折人工关节置换治疗的疗效.方法 对本科2000年1月～2006年8月收治的17例脑血管意外偏瘫患肢股骨颈骨折行人工关节置换术治疗.结果 本组17例在术后10～21天扶拐下地活动,平均14天;术后无严重的并发症发生;本组病例中有13例得到随访,术后2～4.5个月(平均3月),恢复患肢术前的功能状态;随访时间为6个月～6年1个月,平均2年7个月;定期行髋关节X片复查无髋关节假体脱位、松动及断裂.结论 脑血管意外偏瘫肢体股骨颈骨折患者行人工关节置换术治疗,是恢复髋关节功能、减少卧床并发症的较好治疗方法;术中外旋肌及关节囊的修复、人工关节松紧度的调整是恢复患者早期髋关节活动及防治术后脱位的有效措施.     

人工关节置换的临床护理及康复指导体会

20世纪70年代人工髋关节广泛应用于治疗老年人股骨颈骨折和股骨头坏死，我国在80年代开始研究关节置换术。随着髋关节置换术的成功应用，其他关节人工假体相继出现，几乎全身的活动关节均可行人工关节置换术，目前应用效果较好且广泛使用的人工关节是髋关节和膝关节，随着人工关节置换术的广泛开展，术后康复越来越受到重视。正确的康复指导，可促进病人肢体功能恢复，     

人工关节置换术治疗高龄髋部骨折的护理

目的：探讨人工关节置换术治疗75岁以上老年人髋部骨折的治疗方法和护理对策。方法：回顾性总结20例75岁以上髋部骨折,2例股骨粗隆间骨折,18例股骨颈骨折行人工关节置换术,术前、术后合并症及并发症的护理和预防进行分析。结果：通过处理均安全度过围手术期,治愈出院。结论：只要正确防治合并症、并发症,加强康复治疗及围手术期精心护理,75岁以上髋部骨折行人工关节置换术疗效确切,效果满意。     

人工关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨人工关节治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法回顾分析126例65岁以上股骨颈骨折,经后外侧入路行全髋或半髋关节置换。结果本组84例行人工股骨头置换,42例行全髋关节置换,术后1～4周患者扶拐下地活动。随访1.5～6.5年(平均4年10个月),患髋关节功能良好,无疼痛,X线片假体位置正常,无松动及下沉。结论人工股骨头或全髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折,有早期下地、并发症少、关节功能好的优点。     

股骨头置换术在头下型股骨颈骨折中的临床应用

目的：分析股骨头置换术治疗头下型股骨颈骨折的效果。方法将确诊并治疗的90例头下型股骨颈骨折分为置换组（人工股骨头置换术治疗）和对照组（切开复位内固定）各45例,对比两组患者手术相关数据（用时、出血、术后绝对卧床时间、术后6个月Harris评分、治疗有效率）。结果置换组手术用时、术中出血量明显高于于对照组,术后绝对卧床时间、住院时间明显低于对照组,术后Harris评分、治疗有效率明显高于对照组, P＜0．05,两组间差异具有统计学意义。结论股骨头置换术治疗头下型股骨颈骨折效果显著,有利于促进关节功能恢复。     

人工关节置换治疗老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折

目的探讨人工关节置换治疗老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折的疗效。方法对42例老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折行全髋或人工股骨头置换术,获得1.5～5年随访(平均3年2个月)。结果全髋关节置换15例,人工股骨头置换27例。按Harris评分,优良率为88.1%,无假体松动、关节脱位、假体周围骨折。结论采用人工关节置换治疗老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折,临床效果好,可以尽快恢复患者下地活动、减少并发症。     

后外侧小切口全髋置换术治疗股骨颈骨折

目的 总结后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的经验.方法 2002年10月-2005年1月收治的199例(207髋)初次全髋置换,其中46例(46髋)为股骨颈骨折患者,新鲜骨折31髋,陈旧性骨折15髋.采用后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术,观察股骨颈骨折置换的切口长度、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院天数、术后并发症、功能恢复和评分情况.结果 随访时间14～26个月,平均17.2个月.随访期间最后一次Harris评分:新鲜股骨颈骨折患者(84.1±8.6)分,陈旧性股骨颈骨折患者评分(85.8 ±7.6)分.所有患者术后X线片未见明显假体位置不良.新鲜和陈旧股骨颈骨折的手术切口、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).新鲜和陈旧性股骨颈骨折组各有1例患者脱位.结论 后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术具有创伤小、出血及并发症少和功能恢复快的特点,对于股骨颈骨折患者不仅能获得良好的髋关节功能,且减少了并发症的发生.     

人工髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的Meta分析

目的 对国外有关人工髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的研究文献进行分析,评价老年股骨颈骨折的治疗效能. 方法 计算机检索PubMED和Ovid等数据库,检索时间从1991年至2007年有关人工关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的文献资料.比较人工关节置换手术的病死率、脱位、关节翻修率、关节功能.对数据进行异质性检验,用Meta分析方法对数据进行处理,估计其综合比值比(odds ratio,OR值)和95%置信区间(confidence interval,95%CI). 结果 共纳入10篇相关的、以半髋和全髋关节置换对照治疗老年股骨颈骨折的文献.研究结果提示,两者的病死率之间差异无统计学意义;脱位率和翻修率之间Q值分别为4.03和2.78(P>0.1),不存在异质性,总体效应的P<0.01,全髋关节的脱位率高,但是翻修率低于半髋关节置换;关节功能Har-ris评分的Q值分别为23.94(P<0.1),存在异质性,总体效应的P<0.01,相对危险度(RR)为0.79,OR为0.35,95%CI为0.23～0.53,全髋置换术后髋关节功能明显优于半髋关节置换术后的患者. 结论 全髋关节置换术优于半髋关节置换术,在选择关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折时候,尽量全髋置换.对于不能耐受全髋关节置换手术和预期寿命低于5年的患者,则采用半髋关节置换.     

人工髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨人工髋关节治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法治疗27例75岁以上股骨颈骨折。在做好充分术前准备情况下，经后外侧入路施行全髋或半髋置换，手术强调假体位置的准确性及牢固性，术后早期活动。结果本组8例行人工股骨头置换，19例全髋关节置换，2～4周患者能扶拐下地。随访6个月～4年，患者关节功能良好，无疼痛，X线照片假体位置正常，无松动及下沉，效果满意。结论人工股骨头或全髋关节置换手术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折，有早期下地、并发症少、关节功能好、提高生活质量等优点。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.