Detection of dilated cerebral ventricles in infants: a correlative study between ultrasound and computed tomography.

Cross-sectional ultrasonic (US) and computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained to compare their relative accuracies in determining cerebral ventricular size in 20 infants less than one year of age. The goal was to determine whether ultrasound imaging techniques could replace CT in the serial evaluation of the lateral ventricles, particularly in patients with ventricular shunts. The US images were obtained with a servo-controlled real-time sector and trapezoid scanner of the authors' own design. In 85% of the infants, biventricular width by US and CT differed by less than 0.5 cm, and in 95% by less than 1 cm.     

Metastic tumor presenting as intracerebral hemorrhage. Report of 6 cases examined by computed tomography

Six patients with intracranial metastases were studied with computed tomography (CT). The initial appearance suggested cerebral hemorrhage. Atypical location, contrast enhancement, or multiplicity proved helpful in differentiating tumors from other causes of intracerebral hemorrhage. Four patients showed contrast enhancement and 3 had multiple lesions. Metastases with associated intracerebral hematoma may simulate a spontaneous hematoma.     

Diagnosis of Caroli disease by computed tomography: report of two cases.

Two patients are discussed in whom Caroli diseases was diagnosed with the aid of computed tomography (CT). One patient had the pure form of the disease, characterized primarily by saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts and clinically manifesting as recurrent cholangitis. The second patient had a form ccharacterized primarily by hepatic fibrosis and clinically manifesting as portal hypertension. These are the first patients studied with CT to be reported to the authors' knowledge; CT is recommended as the optimal noninvasive method to evaluate such patients.     

Diagnosis of epidermoid tumor by computed tomography. Analysis and evaluation of findings.

Primary intracranial intradural extraventricular epidermoid tumor may be suggested by the findings on computed tomography (CT), which is also useful during the follow-up period. Epidermoid tumors may exhibit minimal symptoms and have usually spread far beyond their original site by the time they are found. Early detection, delineation, and characterization are possible with CT.     

Myxoid intraneural cysts of external popliteal ischiadic nerve. Report of 2 cases studied with ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Peripheral neuropathy of the external popliteal ischiadic nerve caused by intraneural cysts is a very rare and peculiar pathological phenomenon compared with diseases associated with extraneural cysts or colliquative phenomena of solid nervous lesions. Two cases of peripheral neuropathy of the external popliteal ischiadic nerve caused by intraneural cysts and evaluated with ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance are described. The diagnostic efficacy of these imaging modalities is also evaluated with particular reference to MR capability to define the morphology of such lesions and their relationships to the surrounding structures. It is not yet possible to obtain a correct diagnosis about histopathologic features by means of the imaging techniques currently available. Nevertheless, they do provide information about the involvement of the neighboring areas, which are useful indications for possible surgical treatment of the disease.     

Adrenoleukodystrophy. A correlative analysis of computed tomography and radionuclide studies

A discrepancy in location of abnormality has been noted between computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide studies in patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Radionuclide concentration occurs only in the periphery of the lesion or area of acute demyelinating process and no concentration is seen in the area af gliosis whereas gliosis appears as a low-density lesion in the CT scan. Forward migration of radionuclide uptake in the follow-up study is another characteristic feature of this disease.     

Arachnoiditis ossificans. Diagnosis with helical computed tomography.

Arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) is a rare entity in which ossification of the leptomeninges occurs. This report illustrates a patient with AO of the cervical and dorsal spine, diagnosed by helical computed tomography with multiplanar reconstruction. It demonstrates the value of computed tomography in diagnosing calcified plaques and the utility of multiplanar reconstruction in giving an exact anatomic reference to neurosurgeon.     

Methanol poisoning. Report of 2 cases studied with x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

The authors report 2 cases of deliberate methanol intoxication explored by Computed Tomography and MR Imaging. These two methods gave similar results showing bilateral areas of putaminal necrosis. This characteristic finding is of great diagnostic value in these clinically-oriented cases. MRI gives better anatomical details and may reveal small haemorrhagic lesions.     

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasound for the evaluation of tumor blood flow

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated implanted rat mammary adenocarcinoma tumors during a 5-week period using ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with a destruction-replenishment imaging scheme was used to derive estimates of blood volume and flow. These ultrasound-derived measures of microvascular physiology were compared with contrast-enhanced CT-derived measures of perfusion and vascular volume made by the Mullani-Gould formula and Patlak analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The tumor cross-sectional area and necrotic core cross-sectional area determined by the 3 methods were correlated (r>0.8, P<0.001, n=15). The spatial integral of perfusion estimated by CT correlated with the spatial integral of flow from ultrasound (P<0.05). The contrast-enhanced tumor area calculated from the ultrasound analysis was highly correlated with the contrast-enhanced area estimated by CT images (r=0.89, P<0.001, n=15). However, the fraction of the tumor area enhanced by the CT contrast agent was significantly larger than either the fraction enhanced by ultrasound contrast agent or than the viable area as estimated from histology slides. CONCLUSION: Destruction-replenishment ultrasound provides valuable information about the spatial distribution of blood flow and vascular volume in tumors and ultrasound analysis compares favorably with a validated contrast-enhanced CT method.     

Thymic cyst: computed tomography and ultrasound correlation

Thymic cyst is a rare cause of an anterior mediastinal mass that cannot be easily differentiated from more sinister neoplastic anterior mediastinal processes on the chest radiograph. It is controversial as to whether computed tomography can make the distinction between thymic cysts and neoplastic disease. Sonography is a useful adjunct to the computed tomographic examination in determining whether or not an anterior mediastinal mass is cystic. Sonography is easily performed provided the mass is in contact with the chest wall.     

Retrocaval ureter: computed tomography and ultrasound appearance

The computed tomography and sonography appearance of retrocaval ureter is correlated with findings on intravenous urography. Computed tomography is recommended as the imaging procedure of choice to confirm the diagnosis of retrocaval ureter.     

Evalation of renal masses by ultrasound and computed tomography: A preliminary study

Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound were performed on fifty-two patients with renal masses. Both modalides were able to correctly demonstrate the renal mass with an equal degree of accuracy. Since renal ultrasound is a well established, economical and noninvasive technique, it should be the diagnostic procedure of choice to determine whether or not a mass demonstrated by intravenous urography is cystic or solid. However, if faster scanning times as well as lower patient cost could be accomplished, more widespread use of CT as a diagnostic modality for differentiation of renal masses could result.     

Diagnosis of acoustic neuroma with computed tomography

Summary Sixty-one acoustic neuromas were examined with computed tomography (CT). For differential diagnosis the tumors were thoroughly analyzed for manner of growth, shape, volune, calcification, attenuation pattern, contrast enhancement, presence of peripheral edema, and cisternal deformation.     

Cavitating lung nodules and pneumothorax in children with metastatic Wilms' tumor.

Lung metastases evolved into large thin-walled cysts in two children with Wilms' tumor. Histologic examination of one lesion suggested that invasion of a small bronchus or bronchiole, leading to ball-valve obstruction, was responsible. One patient also experienced recurrent pneumothorax, probably on the same basis. The formation of thin-walled cysts has not previously been observed with metastatic Wilms' tumor. Pneumothorax is a rare complication of metastatic Wilms' tumor.     

Relative value of computed tomography and hypocycloidal tomography in the diagnosis of pituitary microadenoma a radio-surgical correlative study

Summary The relative value of a second generation CT scanner and complex motion polytomography are compared in 36 patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery due to clinical and biological evidence of pituitary hypersecretion. CT findings of focal glandular hypodensity in 17 patients and upward convexity of the sellar contents in 15 patients suggested the presence of a pituitary microadenoma. Complex motion tomographic findings suggesting a microadenoma were found in 21 of 32 cases and included bulging of the sellar floor or localized thinning of the lamina dura. Selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy was performed on 34 of the 36 patients and the preoperative location based on CT scanning data was positively correlated with surgical results in 75% of the cases. When there is a strong clinical suspicion of pituitary hypersecretion both CT and polytomography may suggest the existence and location of a microadenoma. CT should be the radiographic technique of choice since it produces accurate information as to the size and density of the pituitary gland.Orginal presentation: 9th Congress of the European Society of Neuroradiology, Brussels, 12–13 September 1980.     

Comparative study of jaws with multislice computed tomography and cone-beam computed tomography

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the dosimetric and diagnostic performance of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the study of the dental arches.

Materials and methods

Effective dose and dose to the main organs of the head and neck were evaluated by means of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) placed in an Alderson Rando anthropomorphic phantom and using a standard CBCT protocol and an optimised MSCT protocol. Five patients with occlusal plane ranging from 54 cm to 59 cm who needed close follow-up (range 1–3 months) underwent both examinations. Image quality obtained with CBCT and MSCT was evaluated.

Results

Effective dose and dose to the main organs of the head and neck were higher for MSCT than for CBCT. Image quality of CBCT was judged to be equivalent to that of MSCT for visualising teeth and bone but inferior for visualising soft tissues. Beam-hardening artefacts due to dental-care material and implants were weaker at CBCT than at MSCT.

Conclusions

When panoramic radiography is not sufficient in the study of the teeth and jaw bones, CBCT can provide identical information to MSCT, with a considerable dose reduction. MSCT is, however, indicated when evaluation of soft tissue is required.