茵陈蒿对实验性食道肿瘤大鼠血浆中分子物质含量的影响

1 材料 中药茵陈蒿自福建省中医学院国医堂购得,经鉴定为菊科植物茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris Thunb)的干燥幼嫩茎叶。每次称取500g茵陈蒿生药,加自来水3000ml浸泡1h,加热煮沸后继续煮30min,取滤液后再加水2000ml重煮1次。将2次滤液合并,冰箱保存备用。 亚硝酸钠为北京红星化工厂分析纯产品。N-甲基苄胺为上海试剂三厂分析纯产品。先取N-甲基苄胺1.3ml加入5滴二甲基亚砜摇匀助溶,加入蒸馏水100ml,然后加入亚硝酸钠0.8g摇匀,4℃冰箱保存备用,每w配制1次。     

瓜蒌水煎剂的镇咳祛痰作用研究

目的：研究瓜蒌水煎剂的镇咳、祛痰作用。方法：用瓜蒌水煎剂小鼠灌胃观察对小鼠氨水致咳作用及呼吸道酚红排泄作用的影响。结果：瓜蒌水煎剂能抑制氨水的致咳作用及增加小鼠呼吸道酚红的排泄,表明瓜蒌具有镇咳祛痰作用。     

降脂宁调脂及抗动脉粥样硬化的研究

目的：研究降脂宁水煎剂调脂及抗动脉粥样硬化（AS）的作用。方法：鹌鹑高脂饲料喂饲造成高脂及AS模型，降脂宁灌胃45天，取血测定血脂、血脂蛋白及载脂蛋白，取横膈段主动脉，观察内膜下及中膜组织内脂肪颗粒。结论：降脂宁水煎剂可明显降低鹌鹤血清TC、TG、LDL－C浓度，提高HDL－C、Apo-AI、Apo a/b水平，减轻高脂饲料对鹌鹑主动脉内膜的损伤，提示降脂宁水煎剂有调脂及抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

石菖蒲对行为绝望动物抑郁模型的抗抑郁作用

目的：对石菖蒲水煎剂的抗抑郁作用进行筛选研究。方法：用小鼠尾悬 挂试验和大鼠强迫游泳试验抑郁模型对石菖蒲水煎剂的抗抑郁作用进行研究。结果：在小鼠尾悬挂试验和大鼠强迫游泳试验中,石菖蒲水煎剂与氟丁汀一样可以使小鼠尾悬挂的失望时间和大鼠强迫游泳的不动时间显著缩短,并呈一定的剂量依赖性,但其药理作用比氟西汀弱。石菖蒲的各剂量组与生理盐水对照组比较,统计学上有非常显著性差异,结论：石菖蒲水煎剂在行为绝望动物抑郁模型上有明显抗抑制作用。     

茵陈蒿汤的发展及现代研究

综述了茵陈蒿汤的发展及研究现状，自仲景以来，历代将茵陈蒿汤化载用于治疗各类黄疸性疾病，现代研究表明，茵陈蒿汤不仅具有促进胆红素代谢的作用，还具有抗肝损伤，抑制肝细胞凋亡、抑制星状细胞活化及胶原合成等作用，其作用的物质基础主要为6，7-二甲基香豆素、都桷子素及大黄素等，并进一步明确了一些有效组分的作用靶点。     

陈皮及橙皮甙对小鼠排空、小肠推进功能的影响

采用改良的酚红含量测定法观察陈皮水煎剂及橙皮 对小鼠办肠运动功能的影响。结果：陈皮水煎剂和橙皮 对正常小鼠胃排空、小肠推进无影响；陈皮水煎剂能拮抗新斯的明引起的小鼠胃排空、小肠推进亢进；可加强阿托品、肾上腺互对小鼠胃排空抑制作用，但对其造成的小鼠小肠推进抑制没有影响。提示陈皮对胃排空有一定抑制作用，橙皮具有一定的促胃肠动力作用，其作用机制可能与胆碱能受体和肾上腺互受体有关。     

茶树根抗痛风作用的实验研究

目的：通过对茶树根抗痛风实验研究,探讨该药抗痛风的药效学作用。方法：采用尿酸钠结晶植入法观察茶树根水煎剂的抗急性痛风性关节作用;采用腹腔注射尿酸酶抑制剂和尿酸法观察茶树根水煎剂对高尿酸血症的作用.结果：茶树根水煎剂对痛风性关节炎小鼠有明显的抑制作用;对高尿酸血症模型小鼠的血尿酸和血黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性都有明显的降低作用,能促进高尿酸血症模型小鼠的尿尿酸的排泄.结论：茶树根具有良好的抗痛风作用。     

茵陈蒿汤保肝作用有效成分分析

目的：分析茵陈蒿汤保肝作用有效成分。方法：用75%乙醇分别提取茵陈蒿，栀子，大黄及茵陈蒿汤。观察其对D-GalN诱导的大鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用。结果：茵陈蒿醇提物对D-GalN诱导的大鼠肝细胞损伤ALT升高的降低作用优于茵陈蒿醇提物，栀子醇提物及大黄醇提物，结论：茵陈蒿汤保肝作用可能是茵陈蒿，栀子，大黄共同作用的结果。     

枳实消痞丸对动物胃肠运动的影响

目的：观察枳实消痞丸对小鼠在体胃肠运动的影响及对兔离体肠运动的影响。方法：小鼠灌服枳实消痞丸水煎液后测胃中甲基橙残留率及小鼠肠推进率，同时考察枳实消痞丸对离体兔十二指肠运动的影响。结果：10.7/kg、21．4g／kg枳实消痞丸水煎液可减少小鼠胃中甲基橙残留率，42．8g／kg剂量则可明显增加小鼠胃中甲基橙残留率；3个剂量均能提高肠推进率。13．5％枳实消痞丸水煎液和0.1％吗丁啉对离体肠有兴奋作用，收缩振幅加大，27％、54％的枳实消痞丸水煎液对离体肠肌收缩均有显著的抑制作用。结论：不同剂量枳实消痞丸对胃肠道有双相作用。     

紫花地丁水煎剂调节小鼠免疫细胞功能的体外研究

目的：通过研究紫花地丁(Viola yedoensis Makino)水煎剂体外对C57小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能的影响，探讨紫花地丁的免疫调节功能，寻求一种更适宜的免疫调节剂。方法：3H-TdR掺入法测定不同浓度的紫花地丁对小鼠脾淋巴细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的毒性作用；MTT方法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。结果：紫花地丁水煎剂在0．2～1．6mg/ml浓度时，能抑制正常小鼠被LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖活性，但未见到对ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖活性及对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能有明显影响。结论：紫花地丁水煎剂通过抑制小鼠由LPS诱导的B淋巴细胞的增殖，下调抗体的生成，但对小鼠细胞免疫功能无明显影响。     

Solution and Colour Stability of the Bark Extract of Bridelia ferruginea Benth

A solvent system consisting of water: propylene glycol: ethanol (2:2:1) was found suitable for diluting the ethanol bark extract and for reconstituting the freeze-dried extract of Bridelia ferruginea Benth for preparation of a gargle formulation. Such solutions remained clear when subjected to high storage temperatures and eight freeze-thaw cycles. The wine colour of Bridelia bark extract solution darkened on storage. Darkening was accelerated by heat while light had minimal effect. Inclusion of certain antioxidants—sodium metabisulphite, ascorbic acid and citric acid, reduced the colour change. Heating the freeze-dried extract at 115°C for 4 h and at 130°C for at least 1 h arrested the colour change. When lime juice was added to the solution of the heated powder, the colour of the resulting solution became unstable implicating a pH effect on colour stability. The colour of bottle and use of carton for storage had no appreciable effect on colour stability.     

硇砂提取物治疗小鼠Lewis肺癌的效果初步评价

目的评价硇砂提取物治疗小鼠Lewis肺癌的效果及对免疫系统的毒性.方法采用MTT法及流式细胞仪分别检测Lewis肺癌细胞的增殖和细胞周期,采用小鼠Lewis肺癌皮下移植肿瘤模型观察硇砂提取物的抗肿瘤作用,通过小鼠碳粒廓清和迟发性变态反应考察硇砂提取物对免疫系统的毒性.结果硇砂提取物可剂量依赖性抑制Lewis肺癌细胞的增殖,使细胞周期停止于S期.硇砂提取物水溶液连续瘤内给药8 d对小鼠Lewis肺癌皮下肿瘤的抑瘤率为46.7%,但同时灌胃给药对肿瘤的抑瘤率仅为15.7%.硇砂提取物水溶液皮下注射或灌胃给药对小鼠碳粒廓清能力及迟发性变态反应均无明显影响.结论硇砂提取物的抗肿瘤作用与给药途径有关,其对机体自身的免疫功能无明显影响.     

Effect of Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn on animal models of cognitive dysfunction

The effect of a standardised 50% ethanolic extract of Indian Hypericum perforatum (IHp) was investigated for its putative nootropic activity on various experimental paradigms of learning and memory, viz. transfer latency (TL) on elevated plus-maze, passive avoidance (PA), active avoidance (AA), scopolamine and sodium nitrite induced amnesia (SIA & NIA) in albino rats. Pilot studies indicated that single dose administration of IHp had little or no acute behavioural effects, hence the extract of IHp was administered orally at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), once in daily for three consecutive days, while piracetam (500/kg, i.p.), a clinically used nootropic agent, was administered acutely to rats as the standard drug. Control rats were treated with equal volume of vehicle (0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)). IHp and piracetam when given alone shortened the TL on day 1, 2, 9 and also antagonised the amnesic effects of scopolamine and sodium nitrite on the TL significantly. IHp had no significant per se effect on the retention of the PA in rats. Only the higher dose (200 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant reversal of scopolamine induced PA retention deficit but no significant reversal was observed with sodium nitrite. Piracetam showed significant per se facilitatory effect on PA retention and also reversed the scopolamine and sodium nitrite induced impaired PA retention. In the AA test, IHp in both the doses, and piracetam, facilitated the acquisition and retention of AA in rats and the IHp effects were found to be dose dependent. Both the doses of IHp and piracetam significantly attenuated the scopolamine and sodium nitrite induced impaired retention of AA. These results indicate a possible nootropic action of IHp, which was qualitatively comparable with that induced by piracetam.     

金龙固本合剂治疗支气管哮喘缓解期113例

目的： 观察金龙固本合剂治疗支气管哮喘缓解期（宿痰伏肺证）的临床疗效。 方法： 将223例支气管哮喘缓解期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用金龙固本合剂口服治疗,对照组不用药物干预,疗程均为120 d,随访期1年。观察两组治疗前后国际哮喘控制测试表（ACT）评分、1秒钟用力呼气量（FEV₁）和最大呼气流量（PEF）变化。 结果： 治疗组可显著改善哮喘缓解期患者的ACT评分、FEV₁和PEF,且疗效持久（P<0.01）;治疗组与对照组比较ACT评分和FEV₁有显著差异（P < 0.01）。 结论： 金龙固本合剂治疗支气管哮喘缓解期患者（宿痰伏肺证）具有良好疗效。     

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of individual and combined extracts from Commiphora myrrha, and Boswellia carterii

Aim of the study

The Chinese herbs of myrrh and frankincense are often combined for treating some inflammatory pain diseases with synergistic therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of individual herbal extracts and combined extract on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in vivo and analyzed the potential bioactive components from the combination extract by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrum (UPLC-MS/MS).

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by utilizing the paw edema mice induced by formalin and carrageenan. In addition, we determined the levels of PGE₂ and nitrite in the edema paw. The analgesic activity was examined against oxytocin-induced dysmenorrhea in mice. The effects of the administration of dolantin or indomethacin were also studied for references. The components in combination extract (CWE) were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS.

Results

The results showed that myrrh water extract (MWE) and the combined extract (CWE) at the 3.9 g/kg, and 5.2 g/kg showed inhibition of formalin-induced paw edema with inhibition rate of 30.44%, and 23.50%, respectively. The PGE₂ production was inhibited significantly by all samples (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CWE showed stronger suppression on carrageenan-induced mice paw edema at 2 and 3 h after administration of drugs. The inhibitory effect of CWE on nitrite production was between that of MWE and water extract of frankincense (FWE) at 5.2 g/kg. The dysmenorrhea mice test showed MWE could remarkably reduce the writhing times (P < 0.05) and prolong the latency period, while FWE showed no obvious effects on the writhing times. CWE significantly reduced the writhing times and prolong the latency period (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

These results demonstrated MWE, FWE, and CWE exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The findings suggest that CWE may be therapeutically more useful for mitigating inflammatory pain than individual herbal extract. In addition, 12 potential active compounds were identified from CWE. These data may support the fact the traditional application of this combined extract in treating various diseases associated with inflammatory pain.     

Activation of nitric oxide signaling pathway mediates hypotensive effect of Muntingia calabura L. (Tiliaceae) leaf extract

The cardiovascular effect of the crude methanol extract from the leaf of Muntingia calabura L. (Tiliaceae) was investigated in the anesthetized rats. The crude methanol extract was sequentially fractionated to obtain the water-soluble extract (WSE). Intravenous administration of the WSE (10, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg) produced an initial followed by a delayed decrease in systemic arterial pressure (SAP) in a dose-dependent manner. The M. calabura-induced initial hypotension lasted for 10 min and the delayed depressor effect commenced after 90 min and lasted for at least 180 min post-injection. The same treatment, on the other hand, had no appreciable effect on heart rate (HR) or the blood gas/electrolytes concentrations. Both the initial and delayed hypotensive effects of WSE (50 mg/kg, i.v.) were significantly blocked by pre-treatment with a nonselective nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester ((L)-NAME, 0.325 mg/kg/min for 5 min) or a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 0.2 mg/kg/min for 5 min). Moreover, whereas the initial depressor effect of WSE was inhibited by pre-treatment with a selective endothelial NOS (eNOS) inhibitor, N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine ((L)-NIO, 1 mg/kg/min for 5 min), the delayed hypotension was attenuated by a selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea (SMT, 0.5 mg/kg/min for 5 min). Administration of WSE also produced an elevation in plasma nitrate/nitrite concentration, as well as an increase in the expression of iNOS protein in the heart and thoracic aorta. These results indicate that WSE from the leaf of M. calabura elicited both a transient and delayed hypotensive effect via the production of NO. Furthermore, activation of NO/sGC/cGMP signaling pathway may mediate the M. calabura-induced hypotension.     

Enhancing oral moisture using an extract of Capparis masaikai Levl

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a Capparis masaikai Levl. extract on enhancing oral moisture. Solutions of Capparis masaikai extract, citric acid, sodium chloride, and sucrose were dropped on the tongue dorsum of 20 healthy subjects aged 23-34 years. After swallowing each solution, the oral moisture was measured for 60 min using a saliva wetness tester and a moisture checker. The subjects recorded the degree of taste using a visual analog scale to examine the stimulating effect of each solution on salivation. The Capparis masaikai extract had a long-lasting moistening effect on both the tongue dorsum and buccal mucosa for up to 60 min. The weakly bittersweet taste of the extract was perceived stronger than the other taste elements. The results suggest that the Capparis masaikai extract is useful for enhancing oral moisture.     

天南星提取物对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用研究

目的探讨天南星醇提物及水提物对小鼠S180肉瘤的生长抑制作用,比较两种提取物的抗肿瘤效果。方法将接种S180细胞小鼠随机分为生理盐水组,环磷酰胺组,天南星高、中、低剂量组,观察药物对肿瘤生长的抑制作用及免疫器官的影响,并对肿瘤组织做病理检测。结果天南星醇提物及水提物高、中、低剂量组的抑瘤率分别为35.50%,40.40%,25.50%,35.70%,40.60%,24.30%。与生理盐水组比较,高、中剂量组差异有显著性,低剂量组亦有差异,病理检测显示天南星组肿瘤细胞出现不同程度坏死。结论天南星提取物体内对小鼠S180肉瘤的生长有明显抑制作用,并可改善小鼠免疫功能。     

Effects of hyperin, isoquercitrin and quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitrite production in rat peritoneal macrophages

The extract of the root of Acanthopanax chiisanensis Nakai is used for the treatment of inflammation. To analyse the action mechanism of this extract, the effect of hyperin (quercetin-3-O-beta-d-galactose) isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the root of A. chiisanensis on nitrite production and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microg/mL)-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages were examined. The effect of the structurally related compounds, isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-beta-d-glucose) and quercetin (an aglycone of the two compounds) isolated from the extract of the leaves of Vaccinium koreanum Nakai was also examined to compare the effect. It was shown that hyperin inhibited the LPS-induced iNOS expression and nitrite production. Of the three compounds, quercetin showed the most potent inhibitory activity. The phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were also inhibited by these compounds. These findings suggested that hyperin in the extract of the root of A. chiisanensis inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production through inhibition of the expression of iNOS by attenuation of p44/p42 MAPK, p38 MAPK and JNK, and thus participates in the antiinflammatory activity of the extract.     

Gastroprotective effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Ziziphus jujuba L.against HCl/Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the gastroprotective effects of standardized aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba(Z. jujuba) stem bark against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcers as well as anti helicobacter pylori activity of the plant extract in rats.METHODS: Five groups of rats were orally pre-treated with normal saline(0.9%) as ulcer group, 150 mg/kg of ranitidine as positive control group, 100, 200 and 400 mg of standardized extract solution as the experimental groups. Two hours later, acidified ethanol solution was given by gavages in order to induce of gastric ulcer. The antibacterial effect of extract against clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) was evaluated through disc diffusion test.RESULTS: The ulcer group exhibited significantly severe mucosal injury as compared with ranitidine or extract group which shows significant protective action against gastric mucosal injury. The extract showed no effect on H. pylori.CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that Z.jujuba stem bark extract had a potential antiulcer activity which might be due to its protective activity, providing a direct, protective effect on the gastric mucosa. Our study showed that anti-H. pylori activity was not among gastroprotective mechanism of Z. jujuba. Further pre-clinical and clinical investigations for evaluating natural active agents and efficacy of this plant are recommended.