A Comparative Evaluation of Full-text,Concept-based,and Context-sensitive Search

Objectives

Study comparatively (1) concept-based search, using documents pre-indexed by a conceptual hierarchy; (2) context-sensitive search, using structured, labeled documents; and (3) traditional full-text search. Hypotheses were: (1) more contexts lead to better retrieval accuracy; and (2) adding concept-based search to the other searches would improve upon their baseline performances.

Design

Use our Vaidurya architecture, for search and retrieval evaluation, of structured documents classified by a conceptual hierarchy, on a clinical guidelines test collection.

Measurements

Precision computed at different levels of recall to assess the contribution of the retrieval methods. Comparisons of precisions done with recall set at 0.5, using t-tests.

Results

Performance increased monotonically with the number of query context elements. Adding context-sensitive elements, mean improvement was 11.1% at recall 0.5. With three contexts, mean query precision was 42% ± 17% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31% to 53%); with two contexts, 32% ± 13% (95% CI, 27% to 38%); and one context, 20% ± 9% (95% CI, 15% to 24%). Adding context-based queries to full-text queries monotonically improved precision beyond the 0.4 level of recall. Mean improvement was 4.5% at recall 0.5. Adding concept-based search to full-text search improved precision to 19.4% at recall 0.5.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated usefulness of concept-based and context-sensitive queries for enhancing the precision of retrieval from a digital library of semi-structured clinical guideline documents. Concept-based searches outperformed free-text queries, especially when baseline precision was low. In general, the more ontological elements used in the query, the greater the resulting precision.     

A Unified Architecture for Biomedical Search Engines Based on Semantic Web Technologies

There is a huge growth in the volume of published biomedical research in recent years. Many medical search engines are designed and developed to address the over growing information needs of biomedical experts and curators. Significant progress has been made in utilizing the knowledge embedded in medical ontologies and controlled vocabularies to assist these engines. However, the lack of common architecture for utilized ontologies and overall retrieval process, hampers evaluating different search engines and interoperability between them under unified conditions. In this paper, a unified architecture for medical search engines is introduced. Proposed model contains standard schemas declared in semantic web languages for ontologies and documents used by search engines. Unified models for annotation and retrieval processes are other parts of introduced architecture. A sample search engine is also designed and implemented based on the proposed architecture in this paper. The search engine is evaluated using two test collections and results are reported in terms of precision vs. recall and mean average precision for different approaches used by this search engine.     

生物医学文本知识发现的研究进展

目前,如何解决海量文本信息与知识增长缓慢的矛盾,以可信的方式发现文本中有用的模式是一项严峻的挑战。本文就国际上有关文本挖掘在生物医学领域的应用进行阐述。概念识别和发现关系研究已经取得丰硕成果,而元数据挖掘正处于起步阶段。利用元数据进行生物医学文本挖掘以及建立知识库是现阶段文本知识发现的重要任务。     

一种基于后控词表的XML搜索引擎

通过论述XML与后控词表原理及其应用价值，探讨XML与后控词表强强结合方式，设计并实现了基于后控词表的XML搜索引擎。     

国内生物医学引文查询技巧及其应用

对现有的国内生物医学引文查询数据库及其引文查询的技巧进行研究，并分析生物医学引文查询分析的应用前景。     

87种生物医学类期刊全文网上免费资源目录

列出了在Internet上可全文免费利用的87种国外生物医学期刊的虚拟资源目录。     

国外生物医学文本语料库分类及特点研究

通过梳理国外31个生物医学文本语料库标注内容,根据语料库标注实体类型,参照UMLS语义类型将其划分为6大类。总结语料库在语义类型、数据源等方面特点,阐述生物医学文本语料库构建流程及关键步骤,以期为我国生物医学文本语料库相关研究奠定基础。     

基于内容的化验数据搜索引擎研究

提高诊断的正确性并为病人提供更好的医疗服务,一个重要手段是在电子病历数据库中查找以往具有相似疾病特征且已确诊的病历。来辅助当前病人的诊断和治疗。这些疾病特征可能包含在不同类型的病历中,如诊断和报告文本、放射及超声报告／图像。以及化验产生的数字信息等。医疗化验数据是一种多维结构化信息,作为子病历的重要组成部分,对疾病的确定和描述起着关键作用。将高维索引算法引入医学领域,建立一个化验数据高维搜索引擎,方便医生使用化验数据库中的知识。实现计算机辅助诊断。     

面向营养成分检索的中国菜谱搜索引擎构建

以《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（2013版）》中富含钙、磷、钾、钠、镁5种营养素的常见食材作为权威参考数据,结合从互联网获取到的成品菜数据,利用搜索引擎、数据库存储等计算机技术对数据进行计算,由此获得富含某种营养素的成品菜列表。实现营养素成品菜的计算,为指导居民针对性营养素补充膳食提供解决方案。     

Biomedical Informatics Applications for Asthma Care: A Systematic Review

Asthma is a common condition associated with significant patient morbidity and health care costs. Although widely accepted evidence-based guidelines for asthma management exist, unnecessary variation in patient care remains. Application of biomedical informatics techniques is one potential way to improve care for asthmatic patients. We performed a systematic literature review to identify computerized applications for clinical asthma care. Studies were evaluated for their clinical domain, developmental stage and study design. Additionally, prospective trials were identified and analyzed for potential study biases, study effects, and clinical study characteristics. Sixty-four papers were selected for review. Publications described asthma detection or diagnosis (18 papers), asthma monitoring or prevention (13 papers), patient education (13 papers), and asthma guidelines or therapy (20 papers). The majority of publications described projects in early stages of development or with non-prospective study designs. Twenty-one prospective trials were identified, which evaluated both clinical and non-clinical impacts on patient care. Most studies took place in the outpatient clinic environment, with minimal study of the emergency department or inpatient settings. Few studies demonstrated evidence of computerized applications improving clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to prospectively evaluate the impact of using biomedical informatics to improve care of asthmatic patients.     

Biomedical waste disposal: A systems analysis

Background

In view of the contemporary relevance of BMW Management, a system analysis of BMW management was conducted to ascertain the views of Service hospitals/HCE's on the current system in BMW management in-vogue; to know the composition and quantity of waste generated; to get information on equipment held & equipment required and to explore the possibility of outsourcing, its relevance and feasibility.

Methods

A qualitative study in which various stake holders in BMW management were studied using both primary (Observation, In-depth Interview of Key Personnel, Group Discussions: and user perspective survey) and secondary data.

Results

All the stake holders were of the opinion that where ever possible outsourcing should be explored as a viable method of BMW disposal. Waste generated in Colour code Yellow (Cat 1,2,3,5,6) ranged from 64.25 to 27.345 g/day/bed; in Colour code Red (Cat 7) from 19.37 to 10.97 g/day/bed and in Colour code Blue (Cat 4) from 3.295 to 3.82 g/day/bed in type 1 hospitals to type 5 hospitals respectively.

Conclusion

Outsourcing should be explored as a viable method of BMW disposal, were there are government approved local agencies. Facilities authorized by the Prescribed Authority should be continued and maintained where outsourcing is not feasible.     

Biomedical waste disposal: A systems analysis

Background

In view of the contemporary relevance of BMW Management, a system analysis of BMW management was conducted to ascertain the views of Service hospitals/HCE''s on the current system in BMW management in-vogue; to know the composition and quantity of waste generated; to get information on equipment held & equipment required and to explore the possibility of outsourcing, its relevance and feasibility.

Methods

A qualitative study in which various stake holders in BMW management were studied using both primary (Observation, In-depth Interview of Key Personnel, Group Discussions: and user perspective survey) and secondary data.

Results

All the stake holders were of the opinion that where ever possible outsourcing should be explored as a viable method of BMW disposal. Waste generated in Colour code Yellow (Cat 1,2,3,5,6) ranged from 64.25 to 27.345 g/day/bed; in Colour code Red (Cat 7) from 19.37 to 10.97 g/day/bed and in Colour code Blue (Cat 4) from 3.295 to 3.82 g/day/bed in type 1 hospitals to type 5 hospitals respectively.

Conclusion

Outsourcing should be explored as a viable method of BMW disposal, were there are government approved local agencies. Facilities authorized by the Prescribed Authority should be continued and maintained where outsourcing is not feasible.     

生物医学信息计量的新实践：选择计量学

随着科技信息学术交流体系的发展,学术交流的环境发生了巨大的变化,学术环境已经向开放获取、开放知识和开放创新的方向发展,因此,在这种环境下,补充计量学正在悄然崛起,它不是全部代替传统的文献计量学方法,而是通过一些补充性的指标,与文献计量学一起对学术论文进行评价。文章总结了补充计量学的定义、特点与工具,提出了补充计量学在生物医学信息计量学研究中的作用。     

搜索引擎在中医药行业的实现与应用

文章中作者结合自己参与中医药行业垂直搜索引擎＂博睿搜索＂的开发与实现工作的经验和体会,从中医药行业信息化发展的需求出发,结合搜索引擎的基本原理,介绍了中医药行业搜索引擎的技术原理和＂博睿搜索＂的技术创新,同时在结尾展望了垂直搜索引擎在中医药行业发展的前景。     

中文搜索引擎在医学信息检索中的对比研究

选用百度、搜狗、中文谷歌、雅虎中国4种中文搜索引擎,分别对其医学信息的检索效果进行分析研究,包括索引深度、查准率、相关性等.结果表明,检索医学信息较好的中文搜索引擎是中文谷歌和百度.     

A Structured Teaching and Self-management Program for Patients Receiving Oral Anticoagulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Context  Control of oral anticoagulation therapy has been reported to often be inadequate. Previous retrospective investigations suggest that patients' self-adjustment of oral anticoagulants may lead to improved control. Objective  To investigate the effects of patients' self-management of oral anticoagulation therapy on accuracy of control and measures of treatment-related quality of life. Design  Randomized, single-blind, multicenter trial. Setting and Participants  A total of 179 patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulation treatment were enrolled at 5 referral centers in Germany. Intervention  Patients were randomized to an oral anticoagulation self-management group based on a structured treatment and teaching program and international normalized ratio (INR) self-monitoring. The control group received conventional care as provided by family physicians, including referral to specialists if necessary. Main Outcome Measures  Deviation of INR values from the individual INR target range (squared) and the 5 categories of treatment-related quality of life. Results  Deviation of INR value from the mean of the INR target range was significantly lower in the intervention group at 3-month (squared INR deviation, 0.59 vs 0.95; P<.001) and 6-month follow-up (0.65 vs 0.83; P=.03) compared with the control group. Also, the intervention group had INR values within the target range more often (repeated measurement analysis for categorical data, P=.006). The results were mainly due to less frequent suboptimal INR values in the intervention group (32.8% vs 50.0% [P=.03] at 3-month, and 33.7% vs 48.2% [P=.08] at 6-month follow-up). Treatment-related quality-of-life measures, especially treatment satisfaction scores, were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with controls. Conclusions  An anticoagulation education program that includes self-management of anticoagulation therapy results in improved accuracy of anticoagulation control and in treatment-related quality-of-life measures. Further studies are needed to describe whether the program will reduce risk of bleeding or thromboembolism.