ITI常规种植体即刻种植的临床观察

目的：评价常规ITI种植体和TE种植体应用于即刻种植的近期临床效果。方法：60例患者共103颗种植体,外伤牙、残根微创拔出即刻植入种植体,随机分常规ITI种植体组30例55枚种植体;另30例采用TE种植体组,48枚种植体。种植体周骨缺损植入Bio-0ss骨粉,植入6个月后行上部修复。修复后追踪时间平均12个月。结果：常规ITI种植体组无种植体脱落,存留率100%,TE种植体组无种植体脱落,存留率100%,二者差异无统计学意义。其龈袋深度、出血指数、年累计骨吸收量及X线检查均无明显不同。常规ITI种植体组种植体周围发生炎症一颗;两组采用GBR技术创口开裂各1例。结论：在严格掌握适应证的情况下,即刻种植中常规ITI种植体可以取得与TE种植体同样的成功率。近期效果良好,长期效果有待追踪     

下颌即刻负荷种植覆盖义齿3～5年临床观察

目的 探讨种植体支持的覆盖义齿即刻负荷后种植体的长期稳定性.方法 对北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院第一门诊部就诊的10例牙列缺失患者采用Ankylos SynCone种植系统支持的即刻负荷覆盖义齿修复,均为下颌全颌覆盖义齿.10例均在下颌颏孔之间植入4枚种植体,共植入40枚,修复后平均随访3～5年,以共振频率分析和影像学检查评价种植体稳定性和边缘骨丢失情况.结果 所有种植体无松动脱落,均获得良好的骨结合,存留率为100％;种植体稳定性指数值均＞ 65,与临床检查种植体稳定性良好一致.种植体周软组织健康,未见X线连续透射影,边缘骨吸收＜1 mm.结论 下颌即刻负荷种植覆盖义齿修复3～5年随访临床效果满意.     

即刻负荷种植牙的重建研究

目的:探讨种植体即刻负荷后(牙合)重建对种植体周骨质变化的影响。方法:26枚骨内种植体植入8例患者口内,13枚为即刻负荷,13枚为延期负荷。采用数码X线片仪测定种植体周骨密度变化并作相关临床指征分析。结果:即刻负荷种植体周骨质密度的改善较延期负荷者明显。,结论:种植即刻修复中的(牙合)稳定和平衡是即刻负荷种植体形成骨整合界面的保证。     

两种自体骨粉末修复种植体周围骨缺损的临床研究

目的：评价自体骨夹层法修复种植体周围骨缺损的近期临床效果。方法：48例患者共82颗种植体,植入的种植体唇侧骨壁缺损,其余三个骨壁都存在,随机分为两组：一组为混合法,22例患者39颗种植体,自体骨粉与Bio-Oss骨粉按1：1比例混合修复骨缺损部位。另一组为夹层法,26例患者43颗种植体,局部微量刮取自体骨粉涂于暴露的种植体表面,再覆盖Bio-Oss骨粉,再覆盖生物膜。植入6个月后行上部修复。修复后追踪时间平均24个月。根据临床、X线检查和患者主诉评价修复效果。结果：两组均无种植体脱落,存留率100%,二者差异无统计学意义。其龈袋深度、出血指数、年累计骨吸收量及X线检查均无明显不同。结论：对于骨缺损的病例,采用自体骨夹层法可以应用于临床。近期效果良好,长期效果有待追踪。     

即刻负荷种植覆盖线性(牙合)全口义齿的临床初步应用

目的探讨线性胎用于2枚种植体支持的即刻负荷下颌种植覆盖全口义齿的临床可行性、技术特点并评估其临床效果。方法在6例下颌牙槽骨严重吸收的无牙颌患者的颏孔前区植入2枚种植体，术后即刻印模转移，24h内完成杆卡式附着体固位的覆盖线性胎全口义齿修复。于术后1周，负荷后1、3、6、12个月复诊，之后每6个月复诊1次，检查种植体的稳定性、种植体周牙龈组织的健康状况，拍摄曲面断层X线片观察种植体周骨高度变化，检查修复体戴用情况，评估患者满意度。结果6例患者共植入12枚种植体，追踪观察9～30个月，种植体均无松动或脱落。种植体周牙龈出血指数为0～1、龈沟深度均小于2mm，牙龈组织健康。曲面断层X线片显示，即刻负荷后第1年种植体周骨吸收量均在1mm以内，未见明显骨吸收。患者对修复效果满意。结论在下颌牙槽骨严重吸收的无牙颌患者的颏孔前区植入2枚种植体，即刻采用杆卡式附着体固位的种植覆盖线性眙全口义齿修复是可行的，近期临床效果满意，长期效果需进一步观察。     

重度牙周炎患者即刻种植即刻负重后的临床效果观察

目的:对重度牙周炎患者即刻种植即刻负重后的临床效果进行评价.方法:选择2017年1月至2019年3月的23位重度牙周炎患者,术前控制急性炎症,术中拔除无保留价值的患牙后植入159枚种植体,其中62枚种植体植入新鲜拔牙窝,97枚种植体植入愈合牙槽窝.术后24小时内制作种植体支持的桥架式临时修复体即刻负重,最终修复完成于术后6个月内.观察这类治疗方案下的种植体存留率、种植体边缘骨吸收、种植体周软组织状况及并发症发生情况.结果:159枚种植体中有1枚在植入后4个月内失败,种植体2年总存留率为99.4％(158/159),即刻位点的种植体存留率为98.4％(61/62),愈合牙槽窝位点种植体存留率为100％(97/97);即刻种植体在永久修复时、修复后1年、2年的边缘骨吸收量分别为(0.52±0.16)mm、(0.76±0.22)mm、(0.88±0.27)mm,与愈合牙槽窝的(0.48±0.14)mm、(0.71±0.21)mm、(0.80±0.23)mm相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);即刻植入拔牙窝中的种植体与植入愈合牙槽窝中的种植体在改良菌斑指数、改良出血指数、种植体周围疾病发病率方面的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:重度牙周炎患者即刻种植即刻负重后能够获得令人满意的临床效果,短期疗效可靠,但长期疗效仍需进一步观察.     

锥形锁柱种植体应用于牙周病患者后牙即刻种植的临床回顾性研究

目的: 比较锥形锁柱种植体在慢性中重度牙周炎患者行后牙区即刻种植和延期种植2种种植方式的短期临床疗效。方法: 收集2015年1月~2015年12月接受种植修复的26例慢性中重度牙周炎患者,共植入种植体52枚,其中即刻种植组(A组)28枚,延期种植组(B组)24枚,术后3~6个月完成冠修复,修复后追踪观察时间(14.4±2.3)月,观察种植体存留情况、修复后种植体周围骨吸收量和调查患者满意度。结果: 即刻种植组1枚植体因感染取出,延期种植组失败0枚,存留率分别为96.4%和100%;修复后1年实验组和对照组的种植体近中边缘骨吸收分别为(0.027±0.340) mm和(0.024±0.292) mm,远中边缘骨吸收分别为(0.011±0.252) mm和(-0.002±0.360) mm;2组患者总体满意度较高,上述差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察期内存留的种植体正常行使功能,种植体周围软组织健康状况良好。结论: 慢性中重度牙周炎患者经过完善的牙周系统治疗后,在牙周状况良好的条件下,应用锥形锁柱种植体进行后牙区即刻种植,与延期种植在短期内临床效果相当。     

ITI种植体即刻负重与延期负重行永久修复前牙槽嵴骨吸收变化的比较研究

目的:比较ITI种植体即刻负重与延期负重行永久修复前牙槽嵴的吸收变化.方法:选择上前牙区植入时最大扭矩大于35的种植体20颗.随机分为两组:即刻负重组10颗,种植体植入后连接临时基台并行临时冠修复;延期负重组10颗,种植体植入放置愈合螺丝延期修复.在两组种植体植入时及1周,2周,4周,8周,16周后,进行X线检查,测量牙槽嵴骨吸收量并时结果进行统计学分析(ANOVA).结果:种植体无一失败.牙槽嵴的吸收随时间逐渐增加,即刻负重组和延期负重组之间无统计学差异.讨论:对即刻负重的长期效果应对两组种植体行永久修复后继续观察牙槽嵴的吸收变化.结论:ITI种植体行即刻负重与延期负重于永久修复前牙槽嵴骨吸收量不存在显著性差异.     

吸烟对208例种植体疗效的临床回顾分析

目的 :探讨吸烟对60例种植修复患者临床疗效的影响。方法 :选取2014-09—2016-09期间在我院接受种植修复的60例病例,将其分为吸烟组和非吸烟组。本研究对208例病例种植体的存留率进行了至少18个月的随访,对成功的病例行种植体边缘骨水平、探诊深度、改良菌斑指数、改良出血指数的检查。结果:吸烟组患者水平存留率为75.00%,种植体水平存留率为89.13%;非吸烟组患者水平存留率为91.67%,种植体水平存留率为96.30%。吸烟组种植体边缘骨吸收量(MBL)及探诊深度(PD)明显高于非吸烟组。吸烟组的改良菌斑指数(mPLI)、改良出血指数(mSBI)测量结果均高于非吸烟组。结论:与非吸烟组相比,吸烟者更易发生种植体植入失败,尤其是位于上颌骨的种植体。与吸烟习惯相关联的种植体植入失败是否会引起其他并发症,还有待进一步的临床评估。     

牙周病患者拔牙后即刻种植与延期种植的临床研究

目的:探讨牙周病患者拔牙后即刻种植与延期种植的临床效果。方法 :68例慢性中、重度牙周病患者,在牙周治疗后,随机选择34例拔除患牙后即刻种植41枚种植体;另外34例患者拔牙后3个月延期种植45枚种植体。术后随访2年,评价种植体的存留率、牙周探诊深度、美学评分、种植体颈部骨吸收率。结果:种植体脱落情况,即刻种植组3枚,延期种植组2枚,存留率分别为92.68%和95.56%;2年随访期内,仅第3个月的美学评分差异有统计学意义。结论:术前控制牙周炎,术中彻底刮除拔牙窝中的感染组织,配合使用抗生素,牙周病患者即刻种植可取得与延期种植类似效果。     

牙种植体即刻负重临床疗效观察

目的：种植体即刻负重技术有益于缩短种植手术与修复的“等待期”，及时满足美观和咀嚼要求，进一步扩大种植义齿临床适应证。本文旨在探讨该技术的适应证、操作技巧，评价其临床疗效。方法：CDIC种植体植入23例牙缺失患者，共植入49枚种植体，术后1周内完成上部结构修复，经检测种植体动度、GI及有无种植体周围炎、口腔全景片等指标，评价临床成功率。结果：随访1-6年，23例患者中，仅1例患者的1枚种植体松动、脱落，其余种植体均获临床成功，临床成功率为98％。结论：即刻负重修复患者应为牙槽嵴丰满之中青年患者．种植体周围应有足够的骨壁包绕，以增加初期稳定性。从黏骨膜瓣环切至种植体窝洞预备，都应贯彻“宁小勿大”原则，增加种植体的嵌合能力。一期法、非翻瓣式手术有利于软组织愈合，减少种植体周围炎发生几率：前牙即刻负重修复时，多枚种植体的连冠（T-T）修复优于单枚种植体修复，后牙即刻负重适用于2颗以上的种植体支持式固定修复，以分散[牙合]力，增加稳定性。     

全牙列缺失口腔种植的即刻修复

为保证种植体初期稳定性,形成良好的骨整合,通常需在种植体植入后3～6个月再延期修复近年来,越来越多的文献报道了全牙列缺失即刻修复的病例,且取得了良好的临床效果。但是,对全牙列缺失的即刻修复尚存一些争议。本文在回顾近年文献的同时结合本课题组的研究结果,对上下颌牙列缺失即刻修复进行评估,并提出相关论点。     

One-Year Prospective Evaluation of the Early Loading of Unsplinted Conical Brånemark Fixtures with Mandibular Overdentures Immediately following Surgery

Background: Prospective evaluation of the early loading of unsplinted Branemark implants with mandibular over‐dentures opposing conventional dentures is not evident in the implant‐related literature. Purpose: To clinically evaluate progressive and early loading of 20 unsplinted conical Brånemark implants in edentulous mandibles with overdentures. Materials and Methods: Ten edentulous patients all had two conical Brånemark implants placed in the anterior mandible with mandatory primary stability with bicortical anchorage. Ball abutment connection was performed simultaneously. Previously constructed conventional mandibular dentures were temporarily relined with tissue conditioner postoperatively and worn with moderation for the first 2 weeks to allow progressive loading. Early loading of the implants followed after 2 weeks, with inclusion of the respective matrices in the mandibular dentures, using a definitive reline procedure. Results: All patients successfully functioned with their mandibular implant overdentures from 2 to 52 weeks postoperatively. Mean marginal bone loss was within established criteria for success:0.22 mm (SD = 0.48 mm) mesially and 0.30 mm (SD = 0.39 mm) distally on the conical implants. Mobility tests using the Periotest instrument became more negative, although not at statistically significant levels. Difficulties in the management of the peri‐implant mucosa between surgery and loading at 2 weeks were observed in 40% of the patients. Conclusions: These preliminary 1‐year results show that successful early loading of unsplinted conical Brånemark implants with mandibular overdentures is possible.     

Fabrication of a Laser-Welded Fixed–Detachable Prosthesis for Immediate Loading

Immediate loading of dental implants in completely edentulous patients is receiving great attention. Standard surgical protocol is used with primary stabilization of the implants as a goal. The restorative dentist must coordinate with the surgeon and the laboratory technician to make immediate loading a reality for the completely edentulous patient. This article describes a technique developed to fabricate an immediately loaded fixed-detachable prosthesis using laser welding technology. Advantages, which are applicable to various implant systems and patients, are discussed.     

ITI种植体在单颗牙即刻种植即刻负重的临床研究

目的：评价ITI种植体在前牙区单颗牙缺失即刻种植即刻负重修复的临床效果。方法：对31例前牙区单个牙缺失患者在拔除残根后行即刻植入ITI种植体，并对其中18枚术中戴入临时义齿，行即刻负重修复（扭矩〉25Ncm，初期稳定性好），六个月后行永久修复。在植入后3、6、12个月对其进行临床及影像学检查。结果：18枚前牙区单个牙缺失即刻植入ITI种植体并行即刻负重修复后无1枚脱落。结论：前牙区单颗牙缺失使用ITI即刻种植及即刻负重修复只要病例选择合适，合理控制咬[牙合]可以达到与常规种植同样的修复效果。     

The Effects of Occlusal Loading on the Margins of Cervical Restorations

BackgroundResearchers have proposed the restoration of abfraction lesions, but limited information is available about the effects of occlusal loading on the margins of such restorations. Because abfraction is a well-recognized problem, the authors conducted a study to assess the effects of occlusal loading on the margins of cervical restorations.MethodsThe authors prepared 40 wedge-shaped cavities in extracted premolars and restored them with a resin-based composite. They subjected specimens to occlusal loading (150 newtons, 10⁶ cycles) on the buccal cusp, on the central fossa or on the lingual cusp, and they stored the control group specimens in deionized water. The authors used fluorescein to delimit marginal defects and evaluated the defects by using laser scanning confocal microscopy.ResultsResults of χ² and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P < .05) showed that specimens subjected to occlusal loading had a higher percentage of marginal gaps (53.3 percent) than did the control specimens (10.0 percent). There were no differences between groups in marginal defect formation or in defect location, length or width.ConclusionsOcclusal loading led to a significant increase in gap formation at the margins of cervical resin-based composite restorations.Clinical ImplicationsThe clinician cannot underestimate the effects of occlusal loading when restoring teeth with cervical wedge-shaped lesions. If occlusal loading is the main factor contributing to lesion formation, the clinician should identify and treat it before placing the restoration or otherwise run the risk that the restorative treatment will fail because of marginal gap formation.     

Resistance to Immediate Orthodontic Loading of Surface-Treated Mini-Implants

Objective:To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the stability and resistance to orthodontic forces of immediately loaded sandblasted and acid-etched (SAE) mini-implants and those of machined-surface implants of the same size and shape.Materials and Methods:Two types of mini-implants were used in the tibiae of 44 rabbits; some had an SAE surface and some had machined surfaces. Orthodontic loading of 150 g was applied immediately after placement. The success rates and maximum removal torque values (RTVs) of 412 mini-implants were recorded and compared immediately after placement, 3 days after placement, and 1, 6, and 10 weeks after placement. The RTV data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis to evaluate differences with respect to surface treatment, loading, and loading periods (P < .05). Multiple comparisons using the Scheffé method were performed to evaluate the RTVs for the subsequent loading periods.Results:Thirteen mini-implants failed during the experimental period. The SAE group had a higher RTV than the machined group, and there was significant difference in RTVs in accordance with loading periods (P < .001). However, there was no significant RTV difference between loaded and unloaded mini-implants.Conclusions:The hypothesis was supported. Both SAE mini-implants and machined mini-implants can be loaded immediately and experience similar success rates. RTVs were higher for the SAE mini-implants than for the machined mini-implants. The latter finding suggests that, for immediate loading, SAE mini-implants may provide more stable retention than machined mini-implants.     

部分牙缺失种植即刻功能负荷的临床探讨

目的:对部分牙缺失种植即刻功能负荷进行临床探讨。方法:将NobelBiocare种植体植入颌骨内,种植体植入扭力必须达到35Ncm以上。选择永久基台接在种植体上,用一定的扭力拧紧基台,基台水平印模,按常规制作和即刻戴上临时塑料修复体。6周后再印模,制作和戴上烤瓷修复体。结果:36例65枚种植体中,下颌22例41枚种植体,上颌14例24枚种植体,修复后成功率为98.5%。结论:部分牙缺失种植即刻功能负荷初步临床结果是满意的,其长期效果有待进一步的观察。