SYNTAX评分和临床SYNTAX评分对冠心病患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后临床事件风险的预测价值

目的 评估SYNTAX评分(SXscore)和临床SYNTAX评分(CSS)对接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后15个月主要终点事件的预测价值.方法 共纳入547名接受择期PCI或直接PCI患者,记录病变SXscore和CSS评分,随访PCI术后终点事件发生情况,评估评分与事件的关系.结果 随访15个月,高、中、低SXscore三组主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生率分别为13.5%、6.8%及0.0%(P＜0.0001).控制混杂因素后,多因素回归分析显示,SXscore(RR=1.101,95%CI 1.070～1.134)及CSS(RR=1.017,95%CI 1.009～1.022)均是MACCE事件的独立预测因子(均为P＜0.0001).结论 SXscore评分和CSS评分是冠心病患者接受PCI术后MACCE事件的独立预测因子.     

Prognostic significance of the SYNTAX score and SYNTAX score II in patients with myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the SYNTAX score (SS) and SYNTAX score II (SS-II) in a contemporary real-world cohort of myocardial infarction (MI) patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

The role of SS and SS-II in the prognostic stratification of patients presenting with MI and undergoing PCI has been poorly investigated.

Methods

This study included MI patients treated with PCI from January 2015 to April 2020 at the University Hospital of Salerno. Patients were divided into tertiles according to the baseline SS and SS-II values. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at long-term follow-up; secondary outcome measures were cardiovascular (CV) death and MI.

Results

Overall, 915 patients were included in this study. Mean SS and SS-II were 16.1 ± 10.0 and 31.6 ± 11.5, respectively. At propensity weighting adjusted Cox regression analysis, both SS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02−1.06; p = 0.017) and SS-II (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07−1.10; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of all-cause mortality at long-term follow-up; both SS (HR 1.04; CI 1.01−1.06; p < 0.001) and SS-II (HR 1.08; CI 1.06−1.10; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of CV death, but only SS-II showed a significant association with the risk of recurrent MI (HR 1.03; CI 1.01−1.05; p < 0.001). At 5 years, SS-II showed a significantly higher discriminative ability for all-cause mortality than SS (area under the curve: 0.82 vs. 0.64; p < 0.001). SS-II was able to reclassify the risk of long-term mortality beyond the SS (net reclassification index 0.88; 95% CI: 0.38−1.54; p = 0.033).

Conclusions

In a real-world cohort of MI patients treated with PCI, SS-II was a stronger prognostic predictor of long-term mortality than SS.     

Clinical outcomes at 2 years of the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold versus the Xience drug‐eluting metallic stent in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome versus stable coronary disease—AIDA trial substudy

• The clinical impact of concurrently administered morphine and P2Y12 inhibitors in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well understood.
• Large, randomized clinical trials are required to assess clinical outcomes with concurrent morphine and P2Y12 inhibitor use in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing PCI.
• Based on the currently available pharmacologic data, cautious use of morphine in primary PCI would seem prudent.

     

The MI SYNTAX score for risk stratification in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: A substudy of the COMFORTABLE AMI trial

Background

To investigate the performance of the MI Sxscore in a multicentre randomised trial of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Methods and results

The MI Sxscore was prospectively determined among 1132 STEMI patients enrolled into the COMFORTABLE AMI trial, which randomised patients to treatment with bare-metal (BMS) or biolimus-eluting (BES) stents. Patient- (death, myocardial infarction, any revascularisation) and device-oriented (cardiac death, target-vessel MI, target lesion revascularisation) major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were compared across MI Sxscore tertiles and according to stent type.The median MI SXscore was 14 (IQR: 9–21). Patients were divided into tertiles of Sxscore_low (≤ 10), Sxscore_intermediate (11–18) and Sxscore_high (≥ 19). At 1 year, patient-oriented MACE occurred in 15% of the Sxscore_high, 9% of the Sxscore_intermediate and 5% of the Sxscore_low tertiles (p < 0.001), whereas device-oriented MACE occurred in 8% of the Sxscore_high, 6% of the Sxscore_intermediate and 4% of the Sxscore_low tertiles (p = 0.03). Addition of the MI Sxscore to the TIMI risk score improved prediction of patient- (c-statistic value increase from 0.63 to 0.69) and device-oriented MACEs (c-statistic value increase from 0.65 to 0.70). Differences in the risk for device-oriented MACE between BMS and BES were evident among Sxscore_high (13% vs. 4% HR 0.33 (0.15–0.74), p = 0.007 rather than those in Sxscore_low: 4% vs. 3% HR 0.68 (0.24–1.97), p = 0.48) tertiles.

Conclusions

The MI Sxscore allows risk stratification of patient- and device-oriented MACEs among patients undergoing PPCI. The addition of the MI Sxscore to the TIMI risk score is of incremental prognostic value among patients undergoing PPCI for treatment of STEMI.     

平均血小板体积联合SYNTAX积分评估介入治疗非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者远期预后的价值

【】 目的 探讨平均血小板体积(MPV)联合SYNTAX评分对急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后远期预后的评估价值。方法 选取2012年01月至2013年12月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院诊断NSTEMI并接受PCI治疗的患者158例,测定MPV水平及计算SYNTAX评分。随访12个月,根据随访结果分为心血管事件组和无心血管事件组,分析两组MPV水平、SYNTAX评分与心血管事件的关系。MPV联合SYNTAX评分预测主要不良心血管事件(MACE)效能用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积评价。结果 心血管事件组MPV水平、SYNTAX评分均高于无心血管事件组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.025,P=0.021)。多因素cox回归分析显示,MPV和SYNTAX评分是远期发生心血管事件的独立预测因子。MPV联合SYNTAX评分预测PCI术后1年MACE受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.713(95%CI：0.615～0.811,P=0.001)。将MPV、SYNTAX评分分别10.55fl、31分作为危险分层界值,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,高危组与低危组两组间发生心血管事件差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006)。结论 MPV与SYNTAX评分联合对急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI术后远期预后评估有一定的价值。     

ST‐segment elevation on intracoronary electrocardiogram after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with worse outcome in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction

The AMPLATZER^TM Vascular Plug 4 (AVP4) is a self‐expandable, replaceable occluder made of Nitinol wire mesh, which allows the safe and effective interventional occlusion of medium size vessels. This report describes an infant diagnosed with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and multifocal collateral lung perfusion through four major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). A central aorto‐pulmonary shunt was performed at 4 months of age. Because of postoperative pulmonary hyperperfusion, one of the MAPCAs was closed interventionally using a 5 mm AVP4. This MAPCA originated from the descending aorta (DAO) near the fifth thoracic vertebra and ran behind the esophagus to the lower lobe of the right lung. The MAPCA was closed near its origin from the DAO. Four weeks later, the patient presented with severe gastrointestinal bleeding, caused by perforation of the AVP4 into the esophagus. The occluder was extracted surgically, the MAPCA was clipped and the esophageal injury was sutured. To date, there have been no reports describing esophageal perforation due to an AVP4. The perforation in this patient may have been due to implantation of the AVP4 near the aorta in a MAPCA segment located directly in front of the spine and behind the esophagus. Another possible factor may have been the requirement for a gastrointestinal feeding tube. Although the occluder is soft and flexible, the spindle‐shaped ends may cause trauma if they are located close to other structures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Comparison of coronary atherosclerotic disease burden between ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: Non‐culprit Gensini score and non‐culprit SYNTAX score

BackgroundPatients with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) have worse long‐term prognoses than those with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).HypothesisIt may be attributable to more extended coronary atherosclerotic disease burden in patients with NSTEMI.MethodsThis study consisted of consecutive 231 patients who underwent coronary intervention for myocardial infarction (MI). To assess the extent and severity of atherosclerotic disease burden of non‐culprit coronary arteries, two scoring systems (Gensini score and synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and cardiac surgery [SYNTAX] score) were modified by subtracting the score of the culprit lesion: the non‐culprit Gensini score and the non‐culprit SYNTAX score.ResultsPatients with NSTEMI had more multi‐vessel disease, initial thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2/3, and final TIMI flow grade 3 than those with STEMI. As compared to STEMI, patients with NSTEMI had significantly higher non‐culprit Gensini score (16.3 ± 19.8 vs. 31.2 ± 25.4, p < 0.001) and non‐culprit SYNTAX score (5.8 ± 7.0 vs. 11.1 ± 9.7, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with NSTEMI had more advanced coronary atherosclerotic disease burden including non‐obstruction lesions, which may at least in part explain higher incidence of cardiovascular events in these patients.     

Comparison of the predictive value of EuroSCORE,SYNTAX score,and clinical SYNTAX score for outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main coronary artery disease

Objectives : We aimed to assess the prognostic values of the EuroSCORE, SYNTAX score, and the novel Clinical SYNTAX score (CSS) for 30‐day and 1‐year outcomes in patients undergoing left main (LM) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background : PCI has become an alternative treatment for LM coronary artery disease, and risk scoring system might be beneficial for pre‐PCI risk stratification. Methods and Results : We enrolled 198 consecutive patients with unprotected LM disease undergoing PCI (mean age 71.5 ± 10.7 years). The CSS was calculated by multiplying the SYNTAX Score to (age/left ventricular ejection fraction +1 for each 10 mL the estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m²). The endpoints were 30‐day, and 1‐year all‐cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which were defined as all‐cause death, nonfatal MI, and clinical‐driven target vessel revascularization. Comparing with the SYNTAX score, the predictive accuracy of CSS for 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause death and MACE were significantly higher (c‐statistics, CSS versus SYNTAX score: P < 0.01 for 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause death; P < 0.05 for 30‐day and 1‐year MACE, respectively). Furthermore, in the multivariate Cox regression analysis, both EuroSCORE and CSS were identified as the independent predictors of 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause death and MACE, but the SYNTAX score was not. Conclusions : In the general practice among a high‐risk population undergoing LM PCI, EuroSCORE and CSS might be independent predictors for 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause death and MACE. Furthermore, the CSS had a superior discriminatory ability in predicting the 30‐day and 1‐year clinical outcomes comparing with the SYNTAX score. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Differential 1‐year clinical outcomes for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction related to stent thrombosis or saphenous vein graft thrombosis

Aim : Thrombosis of stents and of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) remains a severe complication of either revascularization techniques that often are present as ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this longitudinal cohort study was to compare the 1‐year clinical outcomes among STEMI patients requiring primary PCI due to stent thrombosis and graft occlusion presenting with STEMI. Methods and Results : We prospectively collected data on all patients undergoing primary PCI at the Montreal Heart Institute between April 1, 2007 and March 30, 2008. Study patients were grouped according to the etiology of the STEMI: stent thrombosis, graft thrombosis, or atherosclerosis‐related STEMIs (control group). The primary combined end‐point, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), was defined as death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization within 12 months as primary end point. Of the 489 STEMI patients included in the study, 23 were due to stent thrombosis, 22 to graft thrombosis, and 444 in the control group. Stent and graft thromboses were associated with a higher MACE rates, 26.1 and 22.7%, respectively, compared to the control group, 9.3% (P = 0.004). Moreover, only stent thrombosis was associated with an increased risk of MACE (HR 2.57, confidence interval 95% 1.08–6.08. Conclusion : Patients with stent thrombosis present with higher rate of reinfarction while graft thrombosis is associated with an increase in 1‐year cardiac mortality. Using multivariate analysis, higher MACE rates were associated with stent thrombosis as compared to graft thrombosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Development and validation of a risk score for chest pain with suspected non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

ObjectiveTo investigate a new risk score for acute chest pain with suspected non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS).MethodsPatients who suffered from Chest pain and suspected NSTE‐ACS were enrolled as subjects. Predictor variables had been analyzed, and a bootstrap technique was used to evaluate the internal validity of the model, and external validation had been assessed for a prospective cohort study.ResultsThousand five hundred and sixty‐eight patients had been included in this study. Six predictor variables were found to be significant and were used to develop the model. The C‐statistic of the model was 0.83, and internal validation revealed the stability of the model and the absence of over‐optimism. Patients were given different triage recommendations, and the risk score was prospectively validated.ConclusionsA risk score may be a suitable method for assessing the risk of major adverse cardiac events and aiding patient triage in emergency departments among patients with suspected NSTE‐ACS.