小儿眼型重症肌无力向全身型转化的临床特点

目的 研究小儿眼型重症肌无力(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)向全身型重症肌无力(generalized myasthenia gravis,GMG)的转型率、转型时间及使用泼尼松对转型的影响.方法 回顾性分析1977至2005年青岛大学医学院附属医院诊治的978例小儿OMG转变为GMG的转型率、转型时间以及泼尼松对转型的影响,并与同期诊治的1359例成人OMG患者进行对比分析.结果 小儿OMG转化为GMG的转型率为13.0%(127/978),而成人OMG的转型率为67.2%(913/1359),两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=674.17,P<0.01).OMG的转型时间大多在发病后的2年内,小儿OMG(58.3%,74/127)与成人OMG(83.6%,763/913)在发病后2年内转型的比率差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.39,P<0.01).使用泼尼松的456例小儿OMG患者中仅有5例(1.1%)转为GMG,而从未使用过泼尼松的522例小儿OMG患者中有122例(23.4%)变为GMG,差异有统计学意义(χ2=104.9,P<0.01).结论 小儿OMG转型率与成人OMG相比显著减少;转型的时间大多在发病后头2年内;泼尼松确实能减少小儿OMG向GMG转化的机会.     

Th22细胞及相关因子在重症肌无力患者外周血中的表达

目的研究重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者外周血辅助性T细胞22(T helper 22cells,Th22)和白细胞介素-22(interleukin-22,IL-22)的表达以及两者间的相关性。方法收集25例MG患者和24例健康对照者,其中眼肌型重症肌无力(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)患者14例,全身型重症肌无力(general myasthenia gravis,GMG)患者11例。采用流式细胞仪检测MG患者和健康对照者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC)中Th22细胞的比例,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血浆IL-22的表达。比较各组间Th22细胞比例和IL-22表达水平差异,以及Th22细胞比例和IL-22表达间的相关性。结果 MG患者PBMC中Th22细胞比例、血浆IL-22表达水平均显著低于健康对照组[(0.60±0.07)%比(0.92±0.09)%,P0.01;(18.65±1.38)pg/mL比(24.54±1.85)pg/mL,P0.05];OMG与GMG患者间Th22细胞比例、IL-22表达水平均无统计学差异(均P0.05);MG患者PBMC中Th22细胞比例与IL-22表达水平间呈中度正相关(r=0.59,P0.01)。结论 MG患者体内Th22细胞比例及血浆IL-22表达水平减低可能导致免疫功能紊乱进而影响MG的发病。     

胸腺切除术治疗眼肌型重症肌无力的疗效观察及影响因素分析

目的 探讨胸腺切除术治疗眼肌型重症肌无力(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)的疗效及影响因素.方法 回顾分析1998-06-2008-06作者医院收治的OMG患者93例,其中行胸腺切除术治疗44例,药物治疗49例.采用Cox比例风险回归模型对患者性别、年龄、术前病程、胸腺病理、术后药物治疗等影响因素进行分析,绘制生存曲线比较手术与药物两种不同治疗方式OMG的转型率及复发率,并进一步比较术后不同病理类型的生存率.结果 中位随访时间为60个月.胸腺切除治疗组总有效率68.2%,药物治疗组总有效率32.6%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).胸腺病理类型及术后是否使用糖皮质激素与术后疗效显著相关(P<0.05).胸腺切除术治疗组患者的复发率及转型率较药物治疗组明显降低(均P<0.05),胸腺切除术治疗OMG合并胸腺瘤的生存率较未合并胸腺瘤的患者明显降低(P<0.05).结论 胸腺切除术治疗OMG患者可改善其症状,阻止其向全身型重症肌无力(generalized myasthenia gravis,GMG)转型,是治疗OMG的有效方法.     

重症肌无力患者外周血调节性T细胞及B细胞激活因子受体的分析

目的 研究重症肌无力(MG)患者外周血多群调节性T细胞的水平及其B细胞表达B细胞激活因子受体(B cell-activating factor receptor,BAFF-R)的情况.方法 应用四色流式细胞仪检测61例MG患者与23名健康对照外周血调节性T细胞(CD4+ CD25 high Foxp3+、CD8+ CD28-、CD8+ CD122+)以及CD19+ BAFF-R+细胞的百分率.结果 MG组与健康对照组外周血CD4+ CD25 high Foxp3+ T细胞的百分率分别为32.12%±16.12%与65.15%±14.72%,MG组该群调节性T细胞的水平明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.01);两组CD8+ CD28-及CD8+ CD122+ T细胞的水平差异无统计学意义.此外,MG组外周血CD19+ BAFF-R+细胞的水平(10.57%±5.59%)显著高于健康对照组(5.38%±3.87%,P＜0.01).大剂量激素或大剂量激素加丙种球蛋白治疗后短期内可使MG组外周血CD4+ CD25 high Foxp3+调节性T细胞的百分率增加(P＜0.05).结论 MG患者Foxp3+的CD4+ CD25 high调节性T细胞的减少提示MG患者存在免疫和耐受的失衡,显示了T细胞的自身免疫性.在B细胞方面,MG患者外周血CD19+ B细胞上BAFF-R表达增高,提示其体内B细胞已处于易激活状态.     

重症肌无力患者外周血CD+4 CDhigh25 T细胞及其动态观察

目的 研究重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis, MG)患者外周血CD+4 CDhigh25 T细胞的水平,以及各种治疗方法对其的影响.方法 应用四色流式细胞仪检测55例MG患者(治疗前)与33名健康对照外周血CD+4 CDhigh25 T细胞百分率,对其中26例MG患者进行了治疗前后的动态检测.结果 MG患者与健康对照外周血CD+4 CDhigh25 T细胞百分率分别为6.22%±3.37%与5.16%±1.87%,两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.061),而21例非手术治疗患者其外周血CD+4 CDhigh25 T细胞百分率的变化与病情评分的变化呈负相关(r=-0.563, P=0.008).结论 这种非手术治疗前后短期内的CD+4 CDhigh25 T细胞的变化情况可能与病情相关,但胸腺切除前阶段观察的情况有所不同.     

重症肌无力患者胸腺细胞经AChR刺激后T淋巴细胞亚群Bcl-2的表达

目的研究重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者胸腺细胞经乙酰胆碱受体(AChR)刺激后T淋巴细胞亚群Bcl-2的表达水平和临床意义。方法应用流式细胞仪测定11例MG患者胸腺T淋巴细胞亚群经AChR刺激后Bcl-2表达水平。结果经AChR刺激后,MG组增生胸腺CD4、Bcl-2双阳性细胞明显高于对照组(P<0.01),CD8、Bcl-2双阳性细胞与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MG患者增生胸腺中AChR特异性辅助T细胞上Bcl-2表达增高,Bcl-2表达升高可能和AChR的诱导有关。     

FoxP3+ CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞在重症肌无力发病机制中的作用

目的 在细胞与分子水平检验重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Tregs)的表达缺陷,探讨CD4+CD25+Tregs亚群异常与MG发病间的关系.方法 流式细胞技术检测21例MG患者(11例经胸腺切除)与20名健康对照者(healthy controls,HCs)外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs及FoxP3+CD4+CD25+Tregs含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-FQ-PCR)分析MG患者与HCs外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs中FoxP3 mRNA的表达.结果 MG患者外周血CD4+CD25+ Tregs占CD4+T细胞含量与HCs比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).MG患者外周血FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ Tregs含量及FoxP3 mRNA表达量与HCs比较均显著性降低(P＜0.05);胸腺切除的MG患者与未经胸腺切除的MG患者外周血FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ Tregs含量及FoxP3mRNA表达量无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 MG患者外周血CD4+CD25+ Tregs数量正常,但其表面分子FoxP3的表达下调,这种CD4+CD25+ Tregs亚群的异常发现有助于深入阐明MG的免疫发病机制.     

辅助性T细胞及其细胞因子在重症肌无力中的作用

目的探讨辅助性T细胞及其相关细胞因子在全身型MG患者急性期发病中的作用。方法采用流式细胞术检测33例全身型MG患者和34例健康对照组外周血中Tfh细胞亚群CXCR5~+CD4~+T、CD45RO~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T、CD45RA~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T、ICOS~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T和PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比例。采用流式液相多重蛋白定量(cell based assay,CBA)技术检测MG组及对照组血清中IL-17A、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-21的含量。应用ELISA技术检测MG组及对照组血清中IL-22的含量。根据QMGs(the quantitative myasthenia gravis score,QMGs)对纳入研究的MG患者进行评分,QMGs反映了MG患者的病情严重程度。结果 MG组外周血中的循环Tfh细胞(ICOS~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T和PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T)较对照组增高(P=0.016,P0.001),且PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T细胞与MG患者病情严重程度正相关(r=0.405,P=0.019)。MG组血清IL-21、IL-17A、IFN-γ的含量较对照组升高,有统计学意义(P=0.007,P=0.016,P=0.007);MG组血清IL-4的含量较对照组略有增多,IL-22含量较对照组略有减少,但均无统计学意义。MG组IL-4含量QMGs呈负相关,差异具有显著性(r=-0.393,P=0.024)。结论 MG急性期ICOS~+和PD-1~+的循环Tfh细胞可能促进MG发病;IL-21、IFN-γ、IL-17A同样可能促进MG发病;IL-4可能对MG有保护作用。     

重症肌无力患者Foxp3~+CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞与AChRAb、Titin-Ab的相关研究

目的探讨重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者Foxp3~+CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞(Foxp3~+CD4~+CD25~+Treg)与乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AChRAb)及连接素抗体(Titin-Ab)之间的关系,进一步揭示MG的发病机制。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测22例MG患者以及20名健康对照者血清AChRAb和Titin-Ab水平;采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测两组外周血中CD4~+CD25~+Treg的比例及其表达Foxp3的比例。结果 MG患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+Treg比例[(2.9±0.52)%]与健康对照组[(3.12±0.51)%]比较无统计学差异(P0.05);CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞Foxp3表达比例为(37.24±9.57)%,低于健康对照组[(58.60±4.91)%](P0.01)。MG组CD4~+CD25~+Treg表达Foxp3比例与AChRAb、Titin-Ab水平[分别为(0.232±0.060)和(0.170±0.035)pg/mL]均呈负相关(r=-0.449,P0.05;r=-0.691,P0.01)。结论 Foxp3~+CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞数目减少导致机体免疫功能缺陷是MG发病的重要环节。     

重症肌无力患者外周血T、B淋巴细胞Bcl-2的表达

目的　探讨重症肌无力 (MG)患者外周血单个核细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达及其临床意义。方法　以流式细胞仪双标记免疫荧光方法测定 4 7例临床确诊的MG患者外周血T、B淋巴细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达和CD3 T细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达的平均荧光强度 (MFI)。结果　 ( 1)MG组外周血CD3 、CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞和CD19 细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,CD3 T细胞蛋白表达Bcl 2的MFI( 0 .572± 0 .177)亦明显高于对照组 ( 0 .170± 0 .147) (P <0 .0 1)。 ( 2 )MG组外周血CD3 、CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞及CD19 细胞的Bcl 2蛋白表达与年龄无明显相关 ,而与临床严重程度绝对评分密切相关 (r=0 .63、0 .65、0 .61、0 .78,P <0 .0 5)。CD3 T细胞蛋白表达的MFI与MG患者病程相关密切 (r=0 .62 ,P <0 .0 1)。 ( 3)免疫抑制治疗后MG组临床严重程度绝对评分与淋巴细胞亚群Bcl 2蛋白表达、CD3 T细胞蛋白表达的MFI同步地较治疗前有明显下降 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　外周血淋巴细胞Bcl 2蛋白异常表达对MG发病及临床症状有重要作用。     

Ocular myasthenia gravis in a senior population: Diagnosis,therapy, and prognosis

The objectives of this study were (I) to explore the prognosis of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) in patients with onset at age 70 years and above (i.e. senior persons); (2) to identify predictors of secondary generalization in this age group; and 3) to address the effects of immunotherapy on this population of patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of 39 patients with myasthenia gravis who presented with only ocular signs and symptoms after age 70 years. Generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) developed in 12 OMG patients (31%). None of the GMG patients required ventilator assistance or a feeding tube. Of the 12 ocular patients progressing to GMG, only one (8%) received immunotherapy prior to generalization. Of those OMG patients who did not progress to GMG, 52% received immunomodulatory therapy. Our senior OMG patients had a prognosis comparable with those of the published data for younger individuals. Although the presence of increased acetylceholine receptor antibody titers and occasionally abnormal repetitive nerve stimulation were useful tools to diagnose OMG, no test was predictive of later generalization. Senior onset OMG patients who received immunotherapy less frequently developed GMG than those not so treated. Muscle Nerve, 2010     

眼肌型重症肌无力进展为全身型重症肌无力的临床相关因素分析

目的 :探讨眼肌型重症肌无力进展为全身型重症肌无力的临床相关预测因素。方法 :33例初诊为眼肌型重症肌无力的患者经过3年随访,根据疾病进展结局分为眼肌型重症肌无力组(13例)和进展为全身型重症肌无力组(20例)。对与疾病进展可能相关的临床因素进行分析。结果 :进展为全身型重症肌无力组患者初诊时的定量重症肌无力评分、乙酰胆碱受体抗体阳性率、抗核抗体阳性率、合并胸腺瘤的比例以及合并糖尿病的比例均高于眼肌型重症肌无力组(P值均0.05)。结论 :定量重症肌无力评分高、乙酰胆碱受体抗体阳性、抗核抗体阳性以及合并胸腺瘤和糖尿病可能是眼肌型重症肌无力进展为全身型重症肌无力的预测指标。     

Ocular myasthenia gravis: treatment successes and failures in patients with long-term follow-up

We previously reported that prednisone reduced the frequency of generalized myasthenia (GMG) and controlled diplopia without major adverse effects at 2 years in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG). Questions remain as to whether study subjects had long-standing disease, biasing results towards a steroid benefit, and if prednisone merely delayed GMG onset. Here, we performed a record review of a referral neuro-ophthalmology service OMG database for patients who were followed-up for ≥4 years or until GMG developed. We studied the effect of prednisone on GMG incidence and control of ocular symptoms. Generally, patients with diplopia were recommended for prednisone therapy. Most remained on daily 2.5–10 mg for diplopia control. We compared the results for prednisone-treated and “untreated” (pyridostigmine only) patients. Of 87 patients, 55 were in the prednisone-treated and 32 were in the untreated groups. GMG developed in 7 (13%) of the prednisone-treated (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.22–0.76) and in 16 (50%) of the untreated (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.68–4.60) patients. After OMG onset, GMG developed at a mean 5.8 and 0.22 years in prednisone and untreated groups. Diplopia was present at the last exam in 27% of the prednisone-treated (mean 7.2 years) and in 57% of the untreated (mean 4.6 years) OMG patients. For 48 prednisone-treated patients who did not develop GMG, OMG treatment failure occurred in 13. Thus, prednisone delays the onset of GMG and has sustained benefit in reducing the incidence of GMG and controlling diplopia. Without prednisone, GMG develops in 50% of OMG patients, typically within 1 year.     

Low conversion rate of ocular to generalized myasthenia gravis in Singapore

Introduction: Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is a common condition of the neuromuscular junction that may convert to generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG). Our aim in this study was to determine the conversion rate and predictive factors for generalization in OMG, in an Asian population. Methods: The investigation consisted of a retrospective study of OMG patients with a minimum 2 years of follow‐up. Results: Among 191 patients with OMG, 155 had the minimum 2‐year follow‐up. The conversion rate at median follow‐up (40.8 months) was 10.6% (95% confidence interval 7.9%–13.3%), and at the 2‐year follow‐up it was 7.7% (95% confidence interval 5.6%–9.8%). At baseline, the predictive factors for generalization were positive acetylcholine receptor antibodies (hazard ratio 3.71, P = 0.024), positive repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) studies (hazard ratio 4.42, P = 0.003), and presence of radiologically presumed or pathologically confirmed thymoma (hazard ratio 3.10, P = 0.013). Discussion: The conversion rate of OMG to GMG in Asian patients is low, as predicted by presence of acetylcholine receptor antibodies, presence of thymoma, and positive RNS studies. Muscle Nerve 57 : 756–760, 2018     

重症肌无力患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分分析

目的探讨重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HDRS)评分情况及其影响因素分析。方法横断面研究2013-07—2015-03作者医院就诊的188例MG患者的临床资料和HDRS评分情况,并根据HDRS评分将其分为抑郁组和非抑郁组,分析两组MG患者的临床特点及其与HDRS评分间的关系。结果所纳入MG患者男女比例为1.02∶1,眼肌型重症肌无力(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)和全身型重症肌无力(generalized myasthenia gravis,GMG)的比例为1.2∶1,以OMG起病和以GMG起病患者的比例为6.2∶1,病程中位数为2年,四分位数间距为1.8年,平均量化重症肌无力评分(quantitative myasthenia gravis,QMG)为(6.7±2.3)分,平均HDRS评分为(8.7±3.4)分,并发抑郁者65例,未并发抑郁者123例。影响HDRS评分和抑郁发生的相关因素包括性别(P0.01)、MG类型(P0.01)、QMG得分(P0.01)和美国重症肌无力协会(myasthenia gravis foundation of America,MGFA)分型(P0.01)、有无甲状腺功能亢进(P0.05)。结论影响MG患者HDRS评分和抑郁发生的相关因素包括性别、MG类型、QMG评分和MGFA分型、有无甲状腺功能亢进,充分认识其抑郁发生情况有利于更好地治疗MG。     

重症肌无力患者外周血AIRE、Tfh细胞和Tfr细胞与病情严重性相关分析

目的探讨自身免疫性调节因子(AIRE)、滤泡辅助性T(Tfh)细胞和滤泡调节性T(Tfr)细胞与重症肌无力(MG)患者病情严重程度的相关性。方法收集2015-12—2016-4第四军医大学唐都医院收治的MG患者22例,根据临床表现分为全身型MG(GMG)和眼肌型MG(OMG);同期选取健康体检中心查体者10名作为健康对照。收集MG患者详细临床资料,包括美国MG协会(MGFA)分型及定量MG(QMG)评分。通过流式细胞术分析AIRE阳性细胞比例及Tfh/Tfr比值。结果 (1)AIRE表达在各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。GMG组和OMG组AIRE表达均较对照组降低(P0.01,P0.05),而GMG组与OMG组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)Tfh/Tfr比值在各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。GMG组和OMG组Tfh/Tfr比值均高于对照组(P0.01,P0.05),且GMG组高于OMG组(P0.05)。(3)MG患者AIRE表达与MGFA分型及QMG评分呈负相关(r=-0.517,P0.05;r=-0.616,P0.01),Tfh/Tfr比值与MGFA分型和QMG评分呈正相关(r=0.761,r=0.581,均P0.01)。结论 AIRE、Tfh/Tfr比值与MG的病情严重程度有一定的相关性,并可能参与了MG的发病。     

重症肌无力患者胸腺细胞及外周血淋巴细胞Fas表达研究

目的 探讨重症肌无力(MG)的发病机制。方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM)分别检测MG患者胸腺细胞、外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)及地塞米松培养胸腺细胞的Fas表达。结果 MG患者PBL CD4、CD8细胞Fas表达率(分别为49％，34％；39％，34％)与对照组(分别为58％，25％；49％,24％)相比差异无显著性；MG患者胸腺细胞Fas表达率(11．20％，6．13％)较对照组(6．15％，1．84％)明显增高；地塞米松培养组Fas表达率MG组、正常人组分别为11．54％、8．62％和7．08％、3．13％，与空白对照组(MG组、正常人组分别为11．36％、6．87％和7．22％、2．86％)相比差异无显著性。结论 MG患者PBI，CD4、CD8细胞Fas表达率无明显增高，可能与自身反应淋巴细胞Fas和PBL FasL结合，发生程序化死亡有关。MG患者胸腺细胞Fas表达增高，可能参与MG发病初制。     

非胸腺瘤性眼外肌麻痹起病重症肌无力胸腺切除时机探讨

目的比较非胸腺瘤性眼外肌麻痹起病重症肌无力(ocular onset myasthenia gravis,OMG-O)患者于不同病程行胸腺切除后病情缓解与向全身型重症肌无力(GMG)转化的差异,以期对手术时机进行探讨。方法采用双向队列研究方法,对作者医院2005年1月至2017年9月因药物治疗效果不佳而行胸腺切除的86例OMG-O患者,按起病至手术时间间隔分为早手术组(≤1年)、晚手术组(>1年),比较两组患者不同随访时间理想状态(干预后状态达到轻微异常及更好)率、GMG转化率的差异。结果 (1)与早手术组比较,晚手术组少年MG(<18岁)比例较高,起病至手术时间间隔、起病至使用激素时间间隔、激素用药时间较长(均P <0.05)。(2)与晚手术组比较,早手术组术后第3年理想状态率高(P=0.029),而第2、4~8年理想状态率有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)9例术后发生GMG转化,起病至发生GMG转化时间中位数17.8个月,其中6例(66.7%)在3年内发生GMG转化。早手术组与晚手术组间GMG转化率比较,差异无统计学意义(12.5%比8.7%;χ~2=0.049,P=0.825)。结论对于药物治疗无效或不耐受的OMG-O患者,早期行胸腺切除手术疗效较好;但即使手术,仍有可能发生GMG转化,约1/2患者于起病后1.5年内发生,约2/3于起病后3年内发生。     

Expression of Immune Molecules CD25 and CXCL13 Correlated with Clinical Severity of Myasthenia Gravis

Differential expressions of immune molecules have been shown in the thymi with pathological results, including myasthenia gravis (MG). CD25 is an activation marker expressed on T cells. CXCL13 mediates the homing and motility of B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. Herein, we investigated the expressions of CD25 and CXCL13 in the thymi of thymic hyperplasia patients with MG or with non-MG. A total of 34 thymic hyperplasia patients with MG (20 generalized MG (GMG) and 14 ocular MG (OMG) and six thymic hyperplasia patients without MG were enrolled and analyzed using immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction for CD25 and CXCL13. Our study demonstrated a higher expression of both CD25 and CXCL13 in hyperplastic thymi with OMG or GMG compared to those with non-MG. According to the immunohistochemical results, we observed that CD25 expression was significantly lower in atrophic thymi and non-MG hyperplastic thymi, compared with that in infant thymi (P?=?0.002 and 0.005, respectively). In contrast to CD25 expression, we did not observe differential expression of CXCL13 among three control groups. And a similar CD25 mRNA expression was found in real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. We observed that both hyperplastic thymi with OMG or GMG expressed significantly higher levels of CD25 than those with non-MG (P?=?0.007 and 0.001, respectively). And an increase of CD25 expression was observed in hyperplastic thymi with GMG compared to those with OMG (P?=?0.030). Similarly, CXCL13 expression was significantly higher in hyperplastic thymi with GMG or with OMG than those with non-MG (P?=?0.001 and 0.050, respectively). No significant CXCL13 expression difference was found between hyperplastic thymi with GMG and those with OMG (P?>?0.05). The real-time PCR results showed a similar tendency of CD25 mRNA expression among the thymi of non-MG, OMG, and GMG patients, but the difference did not reach significance (P?>?0.05). An obvious increased expression of CXCL13 was found in hyperplastic thymi with GMG patients, compared to those with non-MG and OMG patients (P?=?0.003 and 0.071, respectively). There was no difference found between hyperplastic thymi with non-MG and with OMG. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between thymic CD25 level and MG symptom severity (F?=?28.240; P?=?0.000, r?=?0.523). Similarly, a positive correlation was found between thymic CXCL13 expression and MG disease severity (F?=?36.093; P?=?0.000, r?=?0.671). Taken together, our findings suggest CD25 and CXCL13 participate in the pathogenesis of MG and may influence the clinical symptoms of MG.