女性双相情感障碍住院患者高自杀风险的相关因素 分析

目的 分析女性双相情感障碍（BD）住院患者高自杀风险的相关因素。方法 收集 2010 年 4 月至 2019 年 6 月首都医科大学附属北京安定医院 378 例女性 BD 住院患者的病历资料。根据患者 自杀风险,分为低自杀风险组（n=220）和高自杀风险组（n=158）。比较两组患者的一般人口学资料及 临床特征差异,采用二项 Logistic 回归分析女性 BD 住院患者高自杀风险的相关因素。结果 与低自 杀风险组相比,高自杀风险组患者的本次住院天数少、首发年龄及首次抑郁发作年龄小、总发作次 数及抑郁发作次数多、躁狂发作次数少、首发症状为抑郁者和双相Ⅱ型障碍者（BD-Ⅱ）比例高、有精 神病性症状者比例少,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜ 0.05）。二项Logistic回归分析显示,抑郁发作次数 （OR=1.56,95%CI=1.32～1.83）、BD类型（OR=2.30,95%CI=1.16～4.58）以及是否伴精神病性症状（OR=0.56, 95%CI=0.35～0.90）是女性 BD 患者高自杀风险的相关因素（P＜ 0.05）。结论 抑郁发作次数频繁、 BD-Ⅱ、不伴精神病性症状是影响女性 BD 患者高自杀风险的因素。     

伴精神病性症状抑郁症患者人口学及临床特征

目的比较伴与不伴精神病性症状抑郁症患者的人口学及临床特点。方法数据来源于"中国双相障碍患者诊断评估服务研究"项目,将来自全国13个研究中心的1172例抑郁症患者,根据有无精神病性症状,分为伴精神病性症状组和不伴精神病性症状组,采用自制调查问卷收集患者社会人口学及临床特征方面的资料,比较两组差异,并分析抑郁症患者伴精神病性症状的影响因素。结果 13.3%(156/1172)的抑郁症患者伴有精神病性症状。与不伴精神病性症状组相比,伴精神病性症状的抑郁症患者起病早,年龄小,更多已婚,既往抑郁发作次数多,因精神疾病住院次数多,抑郁发作频繁,更多患者伴非典型特征、有周期性或季节性特点、伴自杀观念及精神障碍家族史(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,起病年龄(OR=0.972,95%CI:0.957～0.987)、抑郁发作频繁(OR=2.099,95%CI:1.233～3.573)、伴非典型特征(OR=1.937,95%CI:1.277～2.939)、伴自杀观念(OR=1.654,95%CI:1.147～2.385)与抑郁症患者伴精神病性症状相关(均P0.05)。结论伴精神病性症状的抑郁症患者具有起病年龄早、抑郁发作频繁、更常伴非典型特征、伴自杀观念的特点。     

误诊为抑郁症的双相障碍Ⅰ型患者自杀风险的危险因素分析

目的探讨误诊为抑郁症的双相障碍Ⅰ型患者自杀风险的社会人口学与临床特征方面的危险因素。方法来自全国13个中心患者共1478例,收集社会人口学及临床特征等信息,通过简明国际神经精神访谈(the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview,MINI)5.0中文版确定诊断,其中116例被诊断为双相Ⅰ型。此116例患者采用MINI中自杀模块界定自杀风险,比较有、无自杀风险两组之间特征有无差异,通过Logistic回归分析探讨自杀风险的危险因素。结果与无自杀风险组相比,有自杀风险组发作频繁、更多伴不典型特征、自杀观念及精神病性症状、周期性或季节性、起病有诱因、更多次发病。Logistic回归分析显示,精神病性症状(OR=6.127)、伴有自杀观念(OR=3.940)及频繁发作(OR=3.283)与误诊为抑郁症的双相Ⅰ型患者自杀风险高相关(均P0.05)。结论精神病性症状、自杀观念及频繁发作可能是误诊为抑郁症的双相Ⅰ型患者自杀风险的独立危险因素。     

青少年首发双相情感障碍精神病性症状特点及对诊断的影响

目的：探讨青少年双相情感障碍患者首次发作时症状特点、精神病性症状的特征及诊断情况,为青少年双相情感障碍的及时诊断提供依据.方法本研究为回顾性研究,对2010年1月1日~2015年10月31日于第四军医大学西京医院心身科住院,年龄13~17岁,诊断为首次发作双相情感障碍的119例患者的临床特征及精神病性症状的特点进行总结分析.结果首次就诊误诊86例,占72.26％;其中,躁狂发作误诊14例,出现精神病性症状的为12例,误诊8例(66．67％);抑郁发作误诊71例,伴精神病性症状的为26例,误诊24例(92．31％).混合发作误诊1例,且伴精神病性症状.在首次发作的双相障碍的患者中,精神病性症状出现最频繁的为关系妄想(27例),其次为幻觉(10例).结论精神病性症状对于首次为抑郁发作的青少年患者来说对确诊双相情感障碍的意义更大.青少年双相请障碍患者出现精神病性症状的形式、内容广泛.重视精神病性症状在青少年双相障碍中的诊断作用,对提高双相障碍的识别率、诊断率有重大意义.     

住院抑郁障碍患者合并心境稳定剂治疗的调查分析

目的了解住院抑郁障碍患者合并心境稳定剂(MS)的治疗情况,通过对患者的临床特征进行对比分析,探讨抑郁障碍患者合并使用MS治疗的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1月～12月住院治疗的145例抑郁障碍患者的临床资料,对合并或不合并MS治疗的抑郁障碍患者人口学资料和疾病特征进行比较。结果合并MS治疗的患者比例33.8%(49/145)。与未合并MS治疗组相比,合并MS治疗组多伴有精神病性症状(49.0%VS 33.3%,χ~2=4.350,P0.05)。多元回归分析显示,性别(OR=2.656,95%CI:1.162～6.073,P0.05)、自杀(OR=0.456,95%CI:0.214～0.968,P0.05)、精神病性症状(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.068～5.068,P0.05)是抑郁障碍患者药物治疗中联合使用MS的影响因素。结论女性、不伴有自杀、伴有精神病性症状的抑郁障碍患者可能更多的联合心境稳定剂进行治疗。     

未治疗抑郁障碍患者自杀风险与认知情绪调节策略的关系

目的探讨具有自杀风险的抑郁障碍患者在认知情绪调节策略方面的特征及其影响因素,以早期识别具有自杀风险的患者,有针对性地给予干预。方法选取117例来自北京回龙观医院门诊、经简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)5. 0中文版筛查符合抑郁障碍诊断标准的未治疗抑郁障碍患者,根据MINI 5. 0中文版自杀模块的访谈结果,将患者分为自杀风险组(n=52)和无自杀风险组(n=65)。采用认知情绪调节问卷(CERQ-C)进行认知调节策略的测评,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)评定抑郁症状的严重程度。结果抑郁障碍患者自杀风险发生率为44. 4%(52/117)。与无自杀风险组相比,自杀风险组患者更多见于女性、未婚、平均年龄更小、发病年龄更早、HAMD-17总评分更高、伴精神病性症状率较高,自杀风险组自我责难、接受、沉思、灾难化4个认知调节策略维度及消极认知情绪调节评分均高于无自杀风险组(P均<0. 05)。Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=3. 539,95%CI:1. 383~9. 057)、发病年龄(OR=0. 931,95%CI:0. 895~0. 968)、HAMD-17总评分(OR=1. 207,95%CI:1. 063~1. 370)和灾难化(OR=1. 143,95%CI:1. 002~1. 305)与抑郁障碍患者自杀风险相关(P均<0. 05)。结论女性、发病年龄早、抑郁症状严重和灾难化可能为未治疗抑郁障碍患者自杀风险的危险因素。     

伴忧郁特征的抑郁症患者自杀风险因素分析

目的:探讨伴忧郁特征的抑郁症患者的自杀风险因素。方法:对“中国双相障碍患者诊断评估服务研究项目”中626例符合伴忧郁特征的抑郁症患者采用《简明国际神经精神访谈》(MINI)自杀模块评估自杀风险,并将患者分为自杀风险组(300例)和无自杀风险组(326例),比较两组的人口学及临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析伴忧郁特征抑郁症患者的自杀风险因素。结果:自杀风险组起病年龄明显小于无自杀风险组(t=-4. 390,P=0. 032),出现抑郁发作频繁(χ2=8. 036,P=0. 005)、伴非典型症状(χ2=4. 586,P=0. 032)、伴精神病性症状(χ2=15. 580,P 0. 001)、症状晨重暮轻(χ2=4. 501,P=0. 034)、伴不切实际的罪恶感(χ2=33. 105,P 0. 001)的比率明显高于无自杀风险组。Logistic回归分析显示,伴精神病性症状(OR=2. 38,P 0. 001)、伴不切实际的罪恶感(OR=2. 51,P 0. 001)与伴忧郁特征抑郁症患者的自杀风险因素相关(P均0. 001)。结论:伴精神病性症状、伴不切实际的罪恶感可能是伴忧郁特征抑郁症患者的自杀风险因素。     

双相情感障碍抑郁相与单相抑郁发作临床分析

目的:对双相情感障碍抑郁相和单相抑郁发作进行临床分析。方法:对双相情感障碍抑郁相和单相抑郁发作患者各30例进行临床分析。结果:双相情感障碍抑郁相有如下特点:①发病年龄早;②女性多见;③具有“精力过盛”性人格;④一级亲属中有双相障碍的家族史;⑤症状多为非典型抑郁发作或伴有精神病性症状。结论:如首次抑郁发作的症状符合以上特点,则可能以后发展为双相情感障碍,应使用足量心境稳定剂,谨慎使用抗抑郁剂,以免转为躁狂发作。     

不同年龄抑郁障碍患者电休克治疗疗效及影响因素分析

目的 对比青少年与成人抑郁障碍患者通过电休克治疗疗效,探究影响电休克治疗的相关因素。方法 入组2019年8月～2022年1月我院符合入组标准的青少年抑郁障碍患者19例和成人组抑郁障碍患者28例。两组患者均通过电休克治疗,分别在首次治疗前和末次治疗结束后24h用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、贝克自杀意念量表（BSI）对治疗效果做评定。结果 青少年组患者女性更多、伴精神病性症状更常见、年龄更小、起病更早、抑郁发作病程更长、精神心理科住院次数更少,差异具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。两组患者治疗后HAMD、BSI评分均显著降低（P均<0.05）。两组患者治疗后量表评分减分率差异均无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。无非自杀性自伤行为（OR=9.500,95%CI:1.091-82.725）、男性（OR=7.467,95%CI:1.799-30.994）与电休克治疗疗效有关。结论 青少年抑郁障碍患者和成人抑郁障碍患者通过电休克治疗均能有效改善临床症状及自杀风险,无非自杀性自伤行为和男性是电休克治疗疗效的影响因素。     

伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素

目的分析伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者自杀未遂的人口学资料及临床特征方面的危险因素。方法来自全国13个中心的728例伴有焦虑症状抑郁症患者,根据简明国际神经精神访谈(mini international neuropsychiatric interview,MINI)5.0中文版自杀模块,评估其是否有自杀未遂行为。采用多因素logistic回归,分析伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者在性别、年龄、民族等人口学资料及伴精神病性症状、伴不典型特征等临床特征方面可能与自杀未遂相关的危险因素。结果伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者中,135例(18.5%)有自杀未遂,593例(81.5%)无自杀未遂。有自杀未遂组与无自杀未遂组相比,起病年龄早[(32.3±11.9)vs.(35.3±13.1)],既往抑郁发作次数多(中位数:2 vs.2),既往住院次数多(中位数:1 vs.0),更多患者出现抑郁发作频繁(14.8%vs.7.4%),更常伴不典型症状(25.9%vs.15.0%)和伴自杀意念(78.5%vs.50.3%),应用抗抑郁剂治疗者更多见(81.5%vs.71.2%),差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者既往住院次数多(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.02~1.37)、抑郁发作频繁(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.14~3.68)、伴自杀意念(OR=3.55,95%CI:2.28~5.54)与自杀未遂相关联(P0.05)。结论既往住院次数多、抑郁发作频繁、伴自杀意念可能是伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素。     

Hopelessness and suicidal risk in bipolar disorder. A study in clinically nonsyndromal patients

Objective

Attempted suicide and death due to suicide are not uncommon among patients with bipolar disorder. Although some risk factors for suicidality in bipolar patients have been identified, little is known about hopelessness and other possible trait or diathesis-related factors. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate variables associated with suicidal risk in clinically nonsyndromal bipolar patients.

Methods

A sample of 102 outpatients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision criteria during nonsyndromal stage were evaluated. On the basis of suicidal history, patients were divided into suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, and nonsuicidal groups. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychopathological variables were assessed.

Results

As compared with the nonsuicidal group, female sex, combined psychopharmacologic treatment, and hopelessness were independently associated with suicide attempt. Hopelessness and insight into having a mental disorder were independently associated with history of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

Patients with bipolar disorder and suicidal history are characterized by the presence of hopelessness, which probably confers greater vulnerability for suicidal behavior in the presence of stress factors. This identification of the risk profile for suicidal behavior in nonsyndromal bipolar patients adds complementary information to risk factors established for suicidality during acute phases of the disease, allows for differentiated preventive and treatment approaches of patients at risk, and suggests psychotherapy as an advisable intervention in this group of patients.     

Suicide risk factors in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder

Suicidal behavior in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder is a major public health problem that remains understudied. Most research on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder has been conducted in older adolescents and adults and is limited by retrospective design. Although preliminary research suggests that the early onset of bipolar disorder is associated with increased suicide risk, few studies have prospectively examined the effects of prior suicidal behavior, clinical course, comorbid psychiatric disorders, familial suicidality, and psychosocial factors on suicidal behavior in bipolar youths. More systematic research is needed to better understand suicidal behavior in bipolar children and adolescents. Increased knowledge of the risk factors that contribute to suicidal behavior should lead to better prevention and treatment.     

综合医院有自杀倾向的住院患者发生自杀行为的影响因素分析

目的描述综合医院具有自杀倾向患者的特征,并分析此类患者发生自杀行为的危险因素.方法回顾性连续纳入南方医科大学南方医院2012年10月至2017年10月的住院患者中具有自杀倾向的病例共680例,根据是否发生自杀行为分为自杀倾向组(有自杀倾向无自杀行为,527例)和自杀行为组(有自杀倾向亦有自杀行为,153例).收集他们的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、户籍、入院科室、自杀诱因、自杀方式、精神疾患、躯体疾患及显著的精神症状等资料.采用单因素分析比较两组间的社会人口学和临床特征差异,采用二分类Logistic回归分析研究自杀行为的危险因素.结果自杀倾向组主要为女性[66.6%(351例)]、已婚[77.4%(458例)]、心理科[74.4%(392例)]、抑郁症[66.2%(349例)].自杀行为组中,男性和女性的自杀方式差异有统计学意义(χ^2=12.489,P=0.014),选择跳楼方式的男性较多,药物及割脉方式的女性更多.Logistic回归分析结果表明,入住重症医学科(OR=7.844,95%CI:2.240~27.475,P=0.001)、婚恋受挫(OR=3.646,95%CI:1.217~10.917,P=0.021),肿瘤(OR=4.620,95%CI:1.552~13.755,P=0.006),双相情感障碍(OR=3.734,95%CI:1.157~12.052,P=0.028)是自杀行为的危险因素.结论具有自杀倾向的患者中,入住重症医学科、双相情感障碍、肿瘤、婚恋挫折是发生自杀行为的危险因素,而且两性的自杀方式有所不同,需要临床高度重视,并采取针对性预防措施.     

Rapid mood switching and suicidality in familial bipolar disorder

Objectives: Rapidly alternating or mixed mood states in bipolar disorder are associated with a particularly high risk for suicidal behavior. Are individuals with these patterns of illness more likely to develop suicidal intentions, or are they less able to resist them? This analysis examines the specific contribution of rapid switching and other variables to the relative likelihood of having or acting on self‐reported suicidal thought and action, in a large group of individuals with bipolar disorder. Methods: The analysis included 1574 family members with bipolar disorder interviewed for a multi‐site bipolar disorder genetic linkage study. Two models were tested, using the same set of demographic and clinical data points as independent variables. One model tested the influence of rapid switching and other variables on self‐reported suicidal thought or action (i.e., suicidality), while the other tested the influences on suicidal action only among those who reported a history of suicidality. Results: Over 75% of subjects had contemplated suicide and 38% reported a history of suicidal behavior. A history of rapid switching was associated with higher likelihood of a history of suicidality, as was panic disorder. Familial suicidal behavior, as well as drug abuse, increased the likelihood of suicidal action among suicidal individuals, but did not increase the likelihood of becoming suicidal. Female sex, early age at onset, and several demographic factors were associated with both facets of suicidality. Conclusions: Factors associated with high acuity of distress, such as panic attacks and unstable moods, appear to enhance the risk of suicidality in general. Factors that affected the threshold for action without increasing suicidality overall can also be seen as markers of impulsive decision‐making. Of the two distinct kinds of suicidal risk, the latter – the likelihood of action given intent – appears to be the more familial.     

The association of comorbid anxiety disorders with suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in outpatients with bipolar disorder

Individuals with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for suicide attempts and completion. Although anxiety may be a modifiable suicide risk factor among bipolar patients, anxiety disorder comorbidity has not been highlighted as critical in identification of high-risk individuals nor has its treatment been integrated into suicide prevention strategies. In this study, ancillary to the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD), 120 outpatients with bipolar disorder completed detailed assessment of suicidal ideation and behaviors. We examined the association of current and lifetime comorbid anxiety disorders with suicidal ideation and behaviors univariately and with adjustment for potential confounders in regression models. Lifetime anxiety disorders were associated with a more than doubling of the odds of a past suicide attempt, and current anxiety comorbidity was associated with a more than doubling of the odds of current suicidal ideation. Individuals with current anxiety disorders had more severe suicidal ideation, a greater belief suicide would provide relief, and a higher expectancy of future suicidal behaviors. However, some of these associations appeared to be better accounted for by measures of bipolar severity including an earlier age at bipolar onset and a lack of current bipolar recovery. Comorbid anxiety disorders may play a role in characteristics of bipolar disorder that then elevate risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. While further research is needed to establish the precise nature of these associations, our data support that the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders in individuals with bipolar disorder should trigger careful clinical assessment of suicide risk.     

Suicidal ideation and attempts in bipolar I and II disorders

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts among representative samples of psychiatric patients with bipolar I and II disorders. METHOD: In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), psychiatric inpatients and outpatients were screened for bipolar disorders with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire from January 1, 2002, to February 28, 2003. According to Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV Axis I and II Disorders, 191 patients were diagnosed with bipolar disorders (bipolar I, N = 90; bipolar II, N = 101). Suicidal ideation was measured using the Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Prevalence of and risk factors for ideation and attempts were investigated. RESULTS: During the current episode, 39 (20%) of the patients had attempted suicide and 116 (61%) had suicidal ideation; all attempters also reported ideation. During their lifetime, 80% of patients (N = 152) had had suicidal behavior and 51% (N = 98) had attempted suicide. In nominal regression models, severity of depressive episode and hopelessness were independent risk factors for suicidal ideation, and hopelessness, comorbid personality disorder, and previous suicide attempt were independent risk factors for suicide attempts. There were no differences in prevalence of suicidal behavior between bipolar I and II disorder; the risk factors were overlapping but not identical. CONCLUSION: Over their lifetime, the vast majority (80%) of psychiatric patients with bipolar disorders have either suicidal ideation or ideation plus suicide attempts. Depression and hopelessness, comorbidity, and preceding suicidal behavior are key indicators of risk. The prevalence of suicidal behavior in bipolar I and II disorders is similar, but the risk factors for it may differ somewhat between the two.     

Parental expressed emotion and suicidal ideation in adolescents with bipolar disorder

Family environmental variables are risk factors for recurrent courses of mood disorder in adolescents. The present study examined the association between parental expressed emotion (EE)—critical, hostile and/or emotionally overinvolved attitudes toward a concurrently ill offspring—and suicidal ideation in adolescents with bipolar disorder. The sample consisted of 95 adolescents with a bipolar I or II diagnosis who had experienced a mood episode in the prior 3 months. Participants (mean age=15.54 years, S.D.=1.4) were interviewed and completed questionnaires regarding current and past suicidal ideation prior to their participation in a treatment trial. Parents completed five-minute speech samples from which levels of EE were assessed. High EE attitudes in parents were associated with current suicidal ideation in adolescents. This relationship was independent of the effects of age, gender, current depressive or manic symptoms, comorbid diagnoses, bipolar I/II subtypes, family adaptability, and family cohesion. These results underscore the importance of addressing the emotional reactivity of caregivers in treating adolescents with bipolar disorder who have suicidal ideation.     

Clinical and dimensional characteristics of euthymic bipolar patients with or without suicidal behavior

BackgroundThe clinical and dimensional features associated with suicidal behaviour in bipolar patients during euthymic states are not well characterised.MethodsIn a sample of 652 euthymic bipolar patients, we assessed clinical features with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetics Studies (DIGS) and dimensional characteristics with questionnaires measuring impulsivity/hostility and affective lability/intensity. Bipolar patients with and without suicidal behaviour were compared for these clinical and dimensional variables.ResultsOf the 652 subjects, 42.9% had experienced at least one suicide attempt. Lifetime history of suicidal behaviour was associated with being a woman, a history of head injury, tobacco misuse and indicators of severity of bipolar disorder including early age at onset, high number of depressive episodes, positive history of rapid cycling, alcohol misuse and social phobia. Indirect hostility and irritability were dimensional characteristics associated with suicidal behaviour in bipolar patients, whereas impulsivity and affective lability/intensity were not associated with suicidal behaviour.LimitationsThis study had a retrospective design with no replication sample.ConclusionsBipolar patients with earlier onset, mood instability (large number of depressive episodes, rapid cycling) and/or particular addictive and anxiety comorbid disorders might be at high risk of suicidal behaviour. In addition, hostility dimensions (indirect hostility and irritability), may be trait components associated with suicidal behaviour in euthymic bipolar patients.     

Suicidal behaviour in major depressive illness

We investigated past suicidal behaviour and family history of suicide in 713 inpatients with major depressive illness. A familial history of suicide (mainly violent) significantly increased the frequency of violent suicidal behaviour in depressive women; bipolar patients being more affected than unipolars. In depressed men, the presence of suicidal behaviour was not significantly affected by polarity. The occurrence of familial suicide significantly increased the risk of violent suicidal behaviour in male depressed attempters. The present study indicates that a familial history of violent suicide is associated with the presence of violent suicidal behaviour in major depressive patients.