精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞的弥散张量成像研究

目的 探索精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞是否存在类似的脑白质完整性异常.方法 采用弥散张量成像技术扫描精神分裂症患者(患者组)、患者的健康同胞(同胞组)和健康对照(对照组)的全脑,用基于体素的分析方法比较3组的白质纤维分数各向异性(fractional anisotropy,FA)值.结果 在左侧前额叶和海马区,患者组(左侧前额叶:0.303±0.006,海马:0.310±0.O05)和同胞组(左侧前额叶:0.320±0.006,海马:0.318±0.006)的白质FA值显著小于对照组(左侧前额叶:0.338±0.007,海马:0.338±0.005),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),患者组与同胞组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在左侧前扣带区,患者组白质FA值(0.391±0.006)显著小于同胞组(0.423±0.006)和对照组(0.412±0.007),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),同胞组的FA值大于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞存在相似的脑白质完整性异常,左侧前额叶和海马白质FA值降低可能意味着精神分裂症的患病风险,左侧前扣带的白质FA值降低则可能是向该病转换的决定因素.     

精神分裂症首次发病患者及其健康同胞的脑结构网络研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨精神分裂症患者及其未患病同胞是否存在相似的脑白质结构网络异常。方法43例首次发病、未服用抗精神病药的精神分裂症患者（病例组）、40名精神分裂症患者的非患病同胞（同胞组）及55名未患病的志愿者（对照组）完成脑磁共振扫描;采用白质纤维束追踪技术构建脑白质网络,并采用单因素方差分析对3组数据进行比较分析。结果病例组（5．14±0．36和0．25±0．02）及同胞组（5．25±0．27和0．25±0．01）脑白质网络连接强度和全局效率均显著低于对照组（5．41±0.24和0．26±0．01;F=16．55,P〈0．01,未校正）,病例组和同胞组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;病例组（7.42±1.04,7．58±1．25和3．72±1.46）及同胞组（7．51±1．18,7．87±1．10和4．42±1．09）左侧楔前叶、左侧前扣带和右侧眶额叶区节点度均显著低于对照组（8．22±1．07,8．31±0．99和4．80±0．92;P〈0．05,FDR校正）,病例组右侧眶额叶区节点度显著低于同胞组（P〈0．05,FDR校正）;病例组（0．31±0．02、0．32±0．03和0．25±0．03）及同胞组（0．31±0．02、0．33±0．02和0．27±0．03）左侧楔前叶、左侧前扣带和右侧眶额叶区介数中心度均显著低于对照组（0．32±0．02、0．34±0．02和0．28±0．02;P〈0．05,FDR校正）,病例组右侧眶额叶区介数中心度显著低于同胞组（P〈0．05,FDR校正）。结论精神分裂症患者及其未患病同胞存在相似的脑白质结构网络的异常,这些结构连接异常可能是精神分裂症的易患性生物学特征。     

精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞注意力研究

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者的健康同胞有无注意力障碍。方法：采用倒行掩蔽测验，评估50例精神分裂症患者(患者组)及其健康同胞50名(同胞组)、正常对照者45名(对照组)的主动注意力和注意的激活度。结果：无掩蔽和有掩蔽刺激时，患者组的测验成绩均明显低于同胞组和对照组；靶刺激呈现后50毫秒出现掩蔽刺激时，患者组及同胞组的测验成绩明显低于正常对照组；其它条件下同胞组与对照组差异不显著。结论：精神分裂症患者有主动注意障碍和注意的激活度下降；精神分裂症患者的健康同胞也有主动注意力障碍，提示精神分裂症患者的同胞也有与精神分裂症患者类似的注意缺陷，主动注意缺陷可能是易患精神分裂症的危险因素之一。     

精神分裂症患者健康同胞的神经认知功能研究

目的 分析精神分裂症患者健康同胞的神经认知功能. 方法 采用Stroop测验、数字符号编码测验、符号搜索测验、定步调听觉连续加法任务测验及威斯康星卡片分类测验评估30例精神分裂症患者健康同胞(来源于自2010年10月至2012年4月在中山大学附属第三医院精神科住院的精神分裂症患者的健康同胞)及同期体检正常的43名对照者的神经认知功能. 结果 精神分裂症患者健康同胞在Stroop单词(P=0.016)、Stroop色-词(P=0.001)、符号搜索正确数(P=0.005)、符号搜索错误数(P=0.025)、符号搜索总分(符号搜索正确数减去错误数)(P=0.041)、威斯康星卡片分类测验正确数(P=0.015)、威斯康星卡片分类测验随机错误数(P=0.005)及威斯康星卡片分类测验完成分类数(P=0.041)的得分明显差于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 精神分裂症患者健康同胞可能存在执行功能及信息处理速度等神经认知功能缺陷.     

精神分裂症患者全脑白质纤维弥散张量成像的初步研究

目的运用能够提示白质纤维(white matter,WM)完整性的弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)技术,探讨精神分裂症患者全脑白质纤维是否受到损害。方法对21例精神分裂症患者(患者组)和21名健康人(对照组)进行全脑DTI扫描,用SPM2(Statistical Parametric Maps,SPM)软件对图像进行处理,采用以像素为基础的分析方法(voxel-based analysis,VBA)对两组的分数各向异性(fractional anisotropy,FA)值进行组间比较。结果患者组下列脑区的FA值显著低于对照组(P<0·001):左侧额眶区和右侧额中回的白质、双侧颞下回白质、双侧顶叶内侧白质、右侧前扣带、双侧海马、双侧大脑脚、双侧岛叶、右侧放射冠和右侧小脑上脚。结论精神分裂症多个部位脑白质纤维的完整性受到破坏。     

精神分裂症患者与其健康同胞的注意和执行功能障碍的对照研究

目的　探讨精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞的注意、工作记忆 /执行功能的特点。方法对 5 0例精神分裂症患者 (患者组 )及其健康同胞 5 0名 (同胞组 ) ,以及 4 5名正常对照者 (正常对照组 )采用威斯康星卡片分类测验 (WCST)和持续操作测验 (CPT) ,评估注意、工作记忆 /执行功能。结果　(1)在WCST中 ,患者组及其同胞组的总测验次数 (分别为 83 4± 2 3 2和 74 1± 2 4 6 )、持续错误数 (分别为 2 5 8± 11 7和 2 2 8± 10 7)、随机错误数 (33 4± 19 2和 2 5 9± 17 1)均高于正常对照组 (分别为6 0 0± 2 1 6、14 8± 8 3和 18 1± 16 0 ;P <0 0 1)。 (2 )在CPT中 ,患者组的评分 [(2 8 4± 4 0 )分 ]低于同胞组 [(30 4± 2 3)分 ]和正常对照组 [(30 9± 2 8)分 ],而同胞组与正常对照组的差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 )。(3)患者组及其同胞组发生执行功能障碍 (分别为 2 9例和 2 5例 )和注意缺陷 (分别为 2 2例和 7例 )的例数均多于正常对照组 (分别为 9例和 4例 ;P <0 0 1) ,其中有工作记忆 /执行功能缺陷的精神分裂症患者 ,其同胞出现这一缺陷的比率 (6 6 % )高于无缺陷的精神分裂症患者的同胞 (2 8% )。(4)WCST中的持续错误数与文化程度呈负相关 (r =- 0 32 ,P <0 0 1) ,CPT与性别 (r=- 0 2     

精神分裂症患者与其健康同胞认知功能比较

目的比较精神分裂症患者、精神分裂症患者健康同胞及健康对照者在认知功能上的差异。方法100例精神分裂症患者（患者组）及其健康同胞100名（同胞组）,以及80名正常对照者（对照组）为研究对象,采用威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）、Stroop色词测验（SCWT）和言语流畅性测验（VFTr）来评定认知功能。比较各组在各个认知功能纬度方面差异。结果在WCST中,患者组及其同胞组的持续错误数均高于对照组（F=73．24,P〈0．01）;患者组持续错误数高于同胞组。在V丌中,患者组、同胞组和对照组差异无统计学意义。在SCWT,彩色文字阅读测验（Stroop—C）和彩色文字颜色阅读（Stroop—cw）测验,患者组和同胞组完成时间比对照组长（Stroop—C：F=49．20,P〈0．01;Stroop—CW：F=87．72,P〈0．01）;患者组完成时间比同胞组长。结论精神分裂症患者及其同胞均可能存在执行功能缺陷,精神分裂症患者的执行功能障碍较其同胞更为严重。     

精神分裂症患病同胞的性别差异研究

目的：探讨精神分裂症患病同胞临床表现及预后的性别差异。方法：于1981年至2001年对51例精神分裂症异性患病同胞进行回顾性对照研究,其中男性25例,女性26例。对男女两组的有关情况进行比较。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定精神症状。结果：男性患者病前社会功能差于女性,PANSS总分显著高于女性,阴性症状差异更为明显,住院时间男性明显多于女性。经5年随访,社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）评定显示,男性残疾程度较女性严重,男性婚姻状况明显差于女性。结论：精神分裂症患病同胞在社会功能,精神症状等方面存在性别差异。     

精神分裂症首次发病患者及其健康同胞认知功能的比较研究

目的 比较精神分裂症首次发病患者与健康同胞及正常对照认知功能的差异,探讨精神分裂症在认知功能领域的内表型.方法 采用目前常用的范畴流畅测验(CFT)、数字符号编码测验(DSCT)、连线测验(TMT)、韦克斯勒记忆量表第3版(WMS-Ⅲ)空间广度测验(WMS-ⅢSST)、霍普金斯词汇学习测验-修订版(HVLT-R)、简易视觉空间记忆测验-修订版(BVMT-R)、定步调听觉连续加法测验(PASAT)和威斯康星卡片分类测验-64(WCST-64)对92例精神分裂症首次发病患者(患者组)、56例健康同胞(同胞组)和62名健康对照者(对照组)的认知功能进行检测.结果 (1)患者组所有神经心理测验成绩均差于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(2)同胞组的CFT、DSCT、TMT、HVLT-R即刻记忆和延迟记忆、BVMT-R即刻记忆、PASAT、WCST-64持续错误数、持续反应数和完成分类数的测验成绩差于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)患者组与同胞组的CFT、WCST-64中的持续错误数、持续反应数和完成分类数测验成绩分别为(18.40±12.12)分比( 18.86±5.19)分、(16.48±8.19)分比(14.80±5.86)分、(18.76±10.91)分比(16.86 ±7.73)分、(1.33±2.81)分比(1.63±1.36)分,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其他神经心理测验成绩比较,患者组差于同胞组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症首次发病患者存在处理速度、工作记忆、言语记忆、空间记忆、注意警觉和执行功能广泛性的认知功能损害,精神分裂症健康同胞存在处理速度、言语记忆、视觉记忆、注意警觉、执行功能的认知缺陷;语义流畅性功能和执行功能可能是精神分裂症的潜在内表型.     

精神病未治疗期对首发未服药精神分裂症脑白质完整性的影响

目的 探讨精神病未治疗期(DUP)对首发未服药精神分裂症患者脑白质完整性的影响.方法 应用汉化的诺丁汉发病症状量表评定39例首发未服药精神分裂症患者的DUP,以其中位数为界将患者分为长DUP组和短DUP组,同时比较两组患者的性别构成、年龄、受教育年限、阳性和阴性症状量表总分.采用自旋回波序列得到弥散张量磁共振成像资料,以DTI-Studi0软件和统计参数图软件(SPM5)对所得图像进行预处理,得到的分子各向异性分数(FA)图像在SPM5软件中进行两样本t检验,获得两组FA差异统计参数图.结果 两组患者性别构成、年龄、受教育年限、阳性和阴性症状量表总分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在P值小于0.001(未校正)水平下,长DUP组患者大脑右侧前扣带束(x=8,y=40,z=24)和左侧前额叶白质(x=32,y=34,z=4)FA值较短DUP组降低.结论 延长的DUP会降低首发未服药精神分裂症患者脑白质的完整性.     

精神分裂症早期的脑白质和灰质信号强度下降

目的分析精神分裂症早期阶段脑灰质和脑白质结构的变化。方法对25例早期阶段(病程小于6个月)的首发未用药的精神分裂症患者和28名正常对照的脑部进行磁共振T1加权成像,所得图像以统计参数图软件包进行预处理,再对两组脑灰质密度和白质信号强度进行t检验。结果患者组左侧岛叶区(x=34,y=18,z=-2,体素集合数=163)、左枕叶(x=14,y=-66,z=14,体素集合数=76)、右侧额叶(x=46,y=44,z=8,体素集合数=74)白质信号强度较正常对照组降低(t=-3.78,P=0.007;t=-3.36,P=0.02;t=3.26,P=0.03);右侧枕叶(x=10,y=-84,z=8,体素集合数=64)脑灰质信号强度比正常对照组降低(t=3.12,P=0.03)。结论精神分裂症早期阶段即存在脑实质结构异常,以白质为著。     

Reduced frontal white matter integrity in early-onset schizophrenia: a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that brain frontal white matter (WM) might be qualitatively altered in adolescents with early onset schizophrenia (EOS). Diffusion tensor imaging provides a relatively new approach for quantifying possible connectivity of WM in vivo. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging was used to examine the WM integrity of frontal regions at seven levels from 25 mm above to 5 mm below the anterior commissure-posterior commissure (AC-PC) plane. Three other regions were examined: the occipital region at the AC-PC plane and the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Fractional anisotropy was compared between 12 adolescents (nine male, 3 female) with EOS (onset of psychotic symptoms by age 18 years) and nine age-similar healthy comparison subjects (six male, 3 female). RESULTS: Adolescents with EOS had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in the frontal WM at the AC-PC plane in both hemispheres and in the occipital WM at the AC-PC plane in the right hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data support a hypothesis that alterations in brain WM integrity occur in adolescents with EOS. Abnormalities found in this study were similar to those reported in adults with chronic schizophrenia. Additional studies are needed to assess whether there is progression of WM abnormalities in schizophrenia.     

Gender-specific effect of urate on white matter integrity in Parkinson's disease

ObjectivesTo investigate the potential protective influence of serum uric acid (UA) level on white matter (WM) microstructural changes in de novo Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsWe enrolled a total of 184 patients with drug-naïve de novo PD and 59 age and gender-matched controls that underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Based on the distribution, serum UA levels were stratified into tertiles in PD patients by gender. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were used to compare WM integrity between the groups.ResultsInteraction analysis showed that interaction effect on FA values between gender and UA levels in PD was significant in widespread WM areas, including frontal-parieto-temporal, corpus callosum, bilateral internal and external capsule, and thalamic regions. Multiple regression analysis revealed that FA values had a significantly positive correlation with UA levels across widespread WM areas in male patients. However, there was no significant correlation between DTI measures and UA levels in female patients. In a group comparison in male patients, PD with the lowest UA level (PD-L-UA) group showed significantly lower FA and higher MD and RD values in frontal-parieto-temporal WM regions than PD with the highest UA level (PD-H-UA) group. However, female patients did not show significant difference of DTI measures between PD-L-UA and PD-H-UA groups.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that the serum UA levels may have the potentially gender-specific close relationship with WM integrity in the early stage of PD.     

Cortical gray and white matter volume in unmedicated schizotypal and schizophrenia patients

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed fronto-temporal cortical gray matter volume reductions in schizophrenia. However, to date studies have not examined whether age- and sex-matched unmedicated schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) patients share some or all of the structural brain-imaging characteristics of schizophrenia patients. We examined cortical gray/white matter volumes in a large sample of unmedicated schizophrenia-spectrum patients (n = 79 SPD, n = 57 schizophrenia) and 148 healthy controls. MRI images were reoriented to standard position parallel to the anterior–posterior commissure line, segmented into gray and white matter tissue types, and assigned to Brodmann areas (BAs) using a postmortem-histological atlas. Group differences in regional volume of gray and white matter in the BAs were examined with MANOVA. Schizophrenia patients had significantly reduced gray matter volume widely across the cortex but more marked in frontal and temporal lobes. SPD patients had reductions in the same regions but only about half that observed in schizophrenia and sparing in key regions including BA10. In schizophrenia, greater fronto-temporal volume loss was associated with greater negative symptom severity and in SPD, greater interpersonal and cognitive impairment. Overall, our findings suggest that increased prefrontal volume in BA10 and sparing of volume loss in temporal cortex (BAs 22 and 20) may be a protective factor in SPD which reduces vulnerability to psychosis.     

Direct evidence of the relationship between brain metastatic adenocarcinoma and white matter fibers: A fiber dissection and diffusion tensor imaging tractography study

It is commonly known that brain metastases usually have clear boundaries in magnetic resonance imaging. However, little is known regarding the trajectory of white matter fibers around the tumors, especially using the fiber dissection technique. Here, we focused on the anatomical interaction between white matter fibers and the tumor, using the fiber dissection in a postmortem brain with metastatic tumor and compared the findings with those of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. One postmortem human brain hemisphere with metastatic adenocarcinoma in the Broca’s area was dissected using fiber dissection following the Klingler’s method. In order to compare the in vitro and in vivo results, additional brains from 15 patients with metastatic adenocarcinomas, the volumes of which were comparable to that of the adenocarcinoma in the brain used for fiber dissection, were analyzed using DTI tractographic reconstruction. Morphological findings of white matter bundles running around the tumor were compared between the two techniques. In the fiber dissection technique, the superior longitudinal fascicle, arcuate fascicle, and frontal aslant tract could be dissected, and the white matter bundles were curved and retracted to avoid the tumor. In all the cases analyzed, white matter fibers or streamlines surrounding the tumor avoided the lesion. Using the fiber dissection technique, this is the first direct evidence to elucidate the anatomy of white matter fibers affected by a metastatic brain. This suggests that brain metastatic adenocarcinoma is an intra-axial neoplasm with extra-axial white matter structures.     

Relation between cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter and white matter changes in families with schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: Gray matter reduction and ventricular enlargement belong to the best replicated findings in schizophrenia. Brain morphologic changes were also found in non-schizophrenic family members (FM). The intention of this study was to examine whether non-psychotic first-degree relatives reveal similar morphologic changes as schizophrenic patients and how state of genetic loading contribute to these abnormalities. METHODS: Forty-nine schizophrenic patients, 71 non-schizophrenic FM and 48 control subjects took part in this volumetric MRI study. All subjects were between 18 and 59 years old. Dependent variables were gray matter, white matter and total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, determined by SPM99 segmentation algorithm. As an important part of CSF lateral ventricle volume was determined manually by removing surrounding CSF areas. RESULTS: In schizophrenic patients compared to controls and non-schizophrenic FM total CSF volumes and lateral ventricles were increased. Gray and, to a lesser degree, white matter volumes were decreased as well. For CSF, gray and white matter there was no significant difference between uni- and multiple affected families. CSF correlated significantly negative with gray matter (r=-0.78) and, less intensive, with white matter (r=-0.40). There were negative correlations between gray and white matter volume as well (r=-0.26). These correlations were not significantly different between the diagnostic groups. CONCLUSION: CSF enlargement and gray matter reductions in schizophrenic patients compared to controls and non-affected FM seem to be interdependent findings. However, this correlation is independent of the factor diagnosis and is therefore not specific for schizophrenia.     

注意缺陷多动障碍脑白质纤维束异常的磁共振影像学研究

大脑白质的发育对个体正常行为和认知功能的建立至关重要,已有大量研究表明白质微结构改变和注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)核心症状以及认知功能缺陷有关,提示脑白质异常可能为该病的神经基础之一.本文旨在通过对儿童青少年ADHD患者的大脑白质磁共振影像学研究进行回顾与总结,归纳ADHD主要相关白质纤维束的改变特征及其与临床表现的关...