Expression patterns of beta-catenin in in situ and invasive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: beta-Catenin plays a central role in the E-cadherin/catenin cell-cell adhesion complex and is possibly involved in cellular signalling pathways. In this study, we evaluated the expression patterns of this molecule in in situ and invasive breast cancer. METHODS: The expression of beta-catenin was evaluated in 121 breast cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. Its relationship to clinicopathological features was also investigated. RESULTS: Altered beta-catenin expression was found in 68% of tumours. Lobular carcinomas showed abnormal beta-catenin expression more frequently (77%) than ductal carcinomas (64%) with 46% of lobular cases showing complete absence of beta-catenin immunoreactivity. Cytoplasmic beta-catenin localization was seen only in ductal carcinomas. Aberrant beta-catenin expression was observed in 54% of ductal carcinomas in situ with highly concordant beta-catenin expression patterns in the nearby in situ and invasive components. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative and qualitative changes in beta-catenin expression occur in a considerable proportion of in situ and invasive ductal carcinomas and are more prominent in invasive lobular carcinomas. Copyright Harcourt Publishers Limited.     

连续切片检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结隐性转移研究

目的探讨更为合理的乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymphnode，SLN）隐性转移（occult metastases）的病理检测方法。方法对245例常规病理诊断阴性的569枚SLN以100μm间距行连续切片（serialsection，ss）后HE染色（SS—HE），确定检测隐性转移的最佳间距。结果245例患者通过sS-HE检测出隐性转移36例（14．7％），其中大体转移6例，微转移22例，孤立肿瘤细胞8例。569枚SLN中，SS．HE检出隐性转移39枚（6．9％），间距100-、200-、300-、400-和500μm SS—HE隐性淋巴结转移的检出率分别为6．9％、6．3％、5．1％、3．7％、3．5％，间距200μm SLN隐性转移检出率与间距100μm相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。研究发现浸润性小叶癌隐性转移的检出率（52．0％）显著高于浸润性导管癌（13．9％，P=0．000），而与病理分期、受体状况以及HER-2表达无关（均P〉0．05）。结论SS．HE对于SLN隐性转移的检测具有显著优势；200μm为SS—HE的最佳检测间距；浸润性小叶癌SLN隐性转移的检出率显著高于浸润性导管癌。     

Prophylactic Mastectomy in Patients at High Risk: Is There a Role for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy?

IntroductionProphylactic mastectomy (PM) rates in the United States are rising due to determination of increased Gail risk, moderate-high risk lesions, a strong family history, and gene mutation carriers. The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in PM remains controversial. This report sought to examine clinical utility of SLNB in PM.MethodsA total of 292 patients underwent bilateral or contralateral PM (1999-2011). SLNB was performed on the PM side in 195 (66.7%) patients with standard techniques. Clinicopathologic data were analyzed for the incidence of occult cancer in prophylactic breast and/or axilla. Univariate analysis was used to determine factors that predict SLN positivity.ResultsThe median patient age was 49 years (range, 19-79 years). Contralateral invasive breast cancer (64.7%) was the most common indication for PM. A total of 209 (71.5%) invasive breast cancer and 49 (16.7%) in situ cancers (n = 38 ductal carcinoma in situ, n = 10 lobular carcinoma in situ) were identified on the therapeutic mastectomy side, with a median tumor size of 1.5 cm. 58.6% were estrogen receptor positive and 4.7% were multicentric. Three (1%) ductal carcinoma in situ, 4 (1.3%) lobular carcinoma in situ, and 5 (1.7%) atypical ductal, and 1 (0.3%) lobular hyperplasia were identified in PM breast. No invasive breast cancer or positive SLN was identified in PM breast and/or axilla.ConclusionAlthough a minimally invasive procedure, the utility of SLNB in patients with absent or contralateral early disease is limited. Advanced T stage, multicentricity, or receptor status on the therapeutic side or a finding of in situ or atypical hyperplasia in prophylactic breast specimen yielded no positive SLN. Routine SLNB in pure bilateral PM can safely be omitted, which reduces axillary morbidity and operative time and/or cost. Selective use of SLNB for contralateral recurrent and/or locally advanced cancers warrants further investigation.     

Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Predictors of significant histologic findings

BACKGROUND: Women with unilateral breast carcinoma are at increased risk for developing contralateral breast carcinoma (CBC). The authors sought to identify predictors of malignant or moderate to high-risk histologic findings in contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) specimens, and to determine the efficacy of CPM. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of 239 patients with unilateral early-stage breast carcinoma who underwent CPM. The number of CBCs expected if the contralateral breast had been left intact was calculated based on CBC rates observed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and on life-table analysis by family history. RESULTS: In the current study, 11 patients (4.6%) had occult contralateral malignancies (4 invasive carcinomas and 7 ductal carcinomas in situ) and 44 (18.4%) patients had moderate to high-risk pathology (8 lobular carcinoma in situ, 11 atypical lobular hyperplasia, 25 atypical ductal hyperplasia). At 1846 patient-years of follow-up, only 1 patient (0.4%) developed a new CBC compared with 11 expected cancers based on SEER data. One CBC was observed among 140 patients with a family history of breast carcinoma, compared with 16 expected cancers based on life-table analysis adjusted for adjuvant therapy. The determinants of significant findings at CPM were invasive lobular histology, estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity, additional ipsilateral moderate to high-risk pathology, and age > 40 years at cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: CPM was associated with a low risk of subsequent development of breast carcinoma. Evaluation of histologic findings in the ipsilateral breast may help to predict the likelihood of significant disease in the contralateral breast and assist in risk stratification.     

Changes in Incidence of in situ and Invasive Breast Cancer by Histology Type following Mammography Screening

Objective: To investigate secular trends and correlates of incidence of breast cancer by histology type following ‍the introduction of population-based mammography screening. Methods: Analysis of age-standardised incidence ‍rates for 1,423 in situ and 16,157 invasive carcinomas recorded on the South Australian population-based cancer ‍registry for the 1985-2004 diagnostic period. Multiple logistic regression was undertaken to compare sociodemographic ‍characteristics by histology. Progression from in situ disease was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier ‍method. Results: The incidence of in situ lesions increased approximately seven-fold over the 20-year period, compared ‍with an increase of about 40% for invasive cancers. The increase for in situ lesions was due to increases for ductal ‍carcinomas, with little change for lobular lesions. By comparison, the percentage increase in incidence for invasive ‍cancer was greater for lobular than ductal cancers. Both for in situ and invasive cancers, percentage increases were ‍greatest for the screening target age range of 50-69 years. One in 14 in situ cases was found to progress to invasive ‍cancer within seven years of diagnosis, but insufficient detail was available to determine whether the invasive cancers ‍were a progression of the in situ lesions or whether they originated separately. These invasive cancers were smaller ‍than generally applying for other invasive cancers of the female breast. Conclusions: The larger secular increases in ‍incidence for in situ than invasive cancers would reflect the dominant role of mammography in the detection of ‍ductal carcinoma in situ. The lack of an increase for lobular in situ lesions may have resulted from their poorer ‍radiological visibility. The greater percentage increase for lobular than ductal invasive lesions may have been due to ‍an increase in imaging sensitivity for these lesions, plus real increases in incidence. The smaller sizes of invasive ‍cancers found in women with a prior in situ diagnosis may have resulted from more intensive medical surveillance, ‍although the possibility of biological differences cannot be discounted.     

Is Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Necessary in Patients who Undergo Prophylactic Mastectomy?

BackgroundOver the last decade, rates of risk-reducing prophylactic mastectomy (PM) have risen dramatically. A topic of debate regarding the procedure is whether to use sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) at the time of PM and what factors might predict for such need. In order to assess the rate of identifying presence of occult invasive breast cancer in the PM specimen, we performed a retrospective review of the pathology findings from a single-surgeon case-series of PM.MethodsPatients undergoing PM between January 2013 and June 2019 at Orlando Health Cancer Institute were identified for a retrospective chart review. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data from the surgical procedure were collected and analyzed for the incidence of occult invasive breast cancer in the PM specimen.ResultsA total of 146 consecutive patients with PM were identified; 120 (82.2%) underwent contralateral PM (CPM) and 26 (17.8%) underwent bilateral PM (BPM). Final pathology of the 172 PM specimens identified 4 (3.3%) with lobular carcinoma in situ, 3 (2.5%) with atypical ductal hyperplasia, and 2 (1.7%) with atypical lobular hyperplasia and 2 (1.7%) with intraductal papilloma. No invasive malignancy was detected in any of the 172 PM specimens.Conclusions: The absence of occult invasive carcinoma in 172 consecutive PM specimens suggests a limited clinical utility in routinely performing SLNB in this setting. This study also suggests that use of preoperative breast MRI imaging could offer a potential non-invasive tool to detect occult malignancy and select patients who can safely undergo omission of SLNB at the time of PM.     

Spectral morphometric characterization of breast carcinoma cells

The spectral morphometric characteristics of standard haematoxylin and eosin breast carcinoma specimens were evaluated by light microscopy combined with a spectral imaging system. Light intensity at each wavelength in the range of 450-800 nm was recorded for 10(4) pixels from each field and represented as transmitted light spectra. A library of six characteristic spectra served to scan the cells and reconstruct new images depicting the nuclear area occupied by each spectrum. Fifteen cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and six cases of lobular carcinoma were examined; nine of the infiltrating ductal carcinoma and three of the lobular carcinoma showed an in situ component. The spectral morphometric analysis revealed a correlation between specific patterns of spectra and different groups of breast carcinoma cells. The most consistent result was that lobular carcinoma cells of in situ and infiltrating components from all patients showed a similar spectral pattern, whereas ductal carcinoma cells displayed spectral variety. Comparison of the in situ and the infiltrating ductal solid, cribriform and comedo carcinoma cells from the same patient revealed a strong similarity of the spectral elements and their relative distribution in the nucleus. The spectrum designated as number 5 in the library incorporated more than 40% of the nuclear area in 74.08% of the infiltrating lobular cells and in 13.64% of the infiltrating ductal carcinoma cells (P < 0.001). Spectrum number 2 appeared in all infiltrating ductal cells examined and in none of the lobular cells. These results indicate that spectrum number 5 is related to infiltrating lobular carcinoma, whereas spectrum number 2 is characteristic for infiltrating ductal carcinoma cells. Spectral similarity mapping of central necrotic regions of comedo type in situ carcinoma revealed nuclear fragmentation into defined segments composed of highly condensed chromatin. We conclude that the spectral morphometric features found for lobular and ductal cell populations may serve future automated histological diagnostics.     

C-erbB-2 oncogene protein in in situ and invasive lobular breast neoplasia.

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has uncertain malignant potential; biologic markers that will identify patients at risk for a poor clinical outcome have been sought actively. Amplification of the c-erbB-2 protooncogene has been correlated with poor prognosis in invasive mammary carcinoma, and immunohistochemical evaluation for expression of the oncogene protein has been correlated with gene amplification. The authors retrospectively evaluated 62 cases of lobular neoplasia for expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product on formalin-fixed, deparaffinized sections, using two monoclonal anti-erbB-2 (p185) antibodies (c-neu Ab3 and m-erb) and one polyclonal anti-erbB-2 antibody (pAb 1) by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. All 62 cases were negative with the pAb 1 antibody; one of 62 cases was weakly positive with the c-neu Ab3 in a membranous pattern. Expression of c-erbB-2 gene product was identified on adjacent invasive ductal carcinoma in one case and in adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ in another. None of 15 cases if infiltrating lobular carcinoma was positive with either of the two anti-c-erbB-2 antibodies. Strong positivity was found on benign epithelium in one case, demonstrating epitheliosis. In summary, evidence of expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product was found in one of 57 cases of LCIS and none of 15 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma. This suggests that, in contrast to reported data concerning intraductal and invasive ductal carcinoma, c-erbB-2 oncogene amplification and/or overexpression does not play a significant role in the progression of lobular breast neoplasia.     

乳腺癌HER2基因扩增的临床病理意义

目的 检测乳腺癌组织中HER2基因扩增状态,评价其临床病理意义。方法 应用FISH、IHC方法分析55例乳腺癌HER2基因扩增/蛋白表达状态与临床病理特征的关系,比对IHC法与FISH检测的一致性程度。结果 55例乳腺癌FISH检测有32例（58.2%）HER2基因扩增。IHC法HER2（+++）22例中21例（95.5%）HER2基因扩增;HER2（++）12例中10例（83.3%）HER2基因扩增;HER2（+/－）21例中1例（4.7%）HER2基因扩增。39例浸润性导管癌中30例（76.9%）有HER2基因扩增,12例浸润性小叶癌中仅1例（8.3%）HER2基因扩增。HER2基因扩增在浸润性导管癌的组织学分级间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,组织学Ⅲ级的浸润性导管癌较Ⅰ、Ⅱ级有较高的HER2基因扩增率。HER2基因扩增与ER、PR阴性状态及腋淋巴结转移有显著相关性（P<0.01）,与患者是否绝经无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 浸润性小叶癌,ER、PR阳性以及组织学Ⅰ级的浸润性导管癌常少有HER2基因扩增;对于组织学Ⅲ的浸润性导管癌,同时ER、PR阴性者尽管IHC检测结果为阴性,仍需做FISH检测以明确是否有HER2基因扩增。     

Clinical management of minimal breast cancer

Minimal breast cancer includes three different entities: lobular carcinoma in situ, noninfiltrating intraductal carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma less than 0.5 cm. The common feature is their small dimensions and the fact that they are often clinically occult. For lobular carcinoma in situ the risk of developing an invasive carcinoma varies from seven to nine times compared with the general population and a careful follow-up of the patients with frequent mammograms is therefore suggested. Intraductal noninfiltrating carcinoma should be locally treated as an invasive carcinoma of small size, and therefore an extensive mammary resection like the quadrantectomy, plus radiotherapy is the recommended form of treatment, while the axillary dissection may be avoided. Finally, small invasive carcinomas should be treated with conservative procedures, including a total axillary dissection.     

Nuclear morphometry of benign and malignant breast lesions

The mean nuclear area (MNA) of mammary gland epithelium was measured in 403 breast specimens, comprising 239 invasive carcinomas, 49 carcinomas in situ, 45 cases of fibrocystic disease (f.c.d.) with intraductal epithelial hyperplasia, and 60 cases of f.c.d. without intraductal hyperplasia. Normal breast tissue adjacent to other benign or malignant lesions was measured in 170 specimens. Statistical analysis revealed no difference between the MNA of invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ. The MNA of lobular and ductal carcinomas were significantly different. Significant differences were also found between ductal carcinoma and the two classes of f.c.d. The MNA of f.c.d. with and without intraductal hyperplasia were also significantly different, the former having the highest MNA. All breast lesions showed MNA significantly higher than that of normal breast epithelium. These findings show that there is a gradual increase in MNA from the baseline value of normal breast epithelium, via fibrocystic disease without and with intraductal proliferation to invasive carcinomas. Measurement of MNA may aid in pinpointing cases of intraductal epithelial hyperplasia with malignant potential.     

bcl-2蛋白在良性乳腺病变及乳腺癌组织中的表达

目的　观察bcl-2蛋白在乳腺癌及良性乳腺病变中的表达。方法　采用免疫组化方法检测 15例正常乳腺组织、18例导管增生、10例不典型导管增生 ,10例小叶增生 ,6 9例浸润型乳腺癌和 45例乳腺导管原位癌中bcl -2蛋白表达。结果　bcl -2在 15例正常乳腺组织、18例导管增生、10例不典型导管增生及 10例小叶增生中均呈阳性 (10 0 % ) ,且均为高表达 ;bcl -2蛋白在 6 9例浸润型乳腺癌和 45例导管原位癌的表达阳性率分别为 6 5 2 % (45例 )和 75 6 % (3 4例 )。结论　bcl -2蛋白在正常乳腺组织良性乳腺病变的表达明显高于乳腺癌的表达。可能是在肿瘤的发展过程中bcl -2失去表达的结果 ,其原因和机理还有待进一步研究     

Mucin expression in mucinous carcinoma and other invasive carcinomas of the breast.

To investigate mucin expression in breast cancer, immunohistochemical staining was performed on 30 mucinous carcinomas and 95 non-mucinous invasive carcinomas. MUC2 expression was detected in all mucinous carcinomas, but only in 11.1% of invasive ductal carcinomas, and in none of the invasive lobular carcinomas and medullary carcinomas. MUC1 is often expressed in invasive breast carcinoma, but not in medullary carcinoma. Strong cytoplasmic staining was seen in invasive ductal carcinoma, in contrast to surface membrane staining in mucinous carcinoma and intracytoplasmic vacuole staining in invasive lobular carcinoma. CA19-9 and CA50 expression in more than 25% of tumor cells was seen in 17.2 and 16.0% of invasive ductal carcinomas, respectively, but not in mucinous carcinomas. CA125 and human gastric mucin were rarely expressed in breast cancer, irrespective of histologic type.     

Prevalence of benign, atypical, and malignant breast lesions in populations at different risk for breast cancer. A forensic autopsy study

A forensic autopsy series of 519 women more than 14 years old was studied for prevalence of benign, atypical, and occult malignant breast lesions. The women included Anglos (non-Hispanic whites), Hispanics, and American Indians from New Mexico and Eastern Arizona. These three ethnic/racial groups are at markedly different risk for the development of breast cancer (Anglo 89 of 100,000 women per year, Hispanic 45.5, and American Indian 24.9. There were striking ethnic/racial and age-related differences in both the prevalence and magnitude of all forms of nonproliferative and proliferative fibrocystic disease. The various subsets of fibrocystic disease were highly associated with each other. Such lesions as apocrine metaplasia, sclerosing adenosis, and lobular microcalcification showed as much difference according to ethnic/racial background and age as the more common cystic change and duct epithelial hyperplasia. Atypical lobular and ductal hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, and occult invasive carcinoma were uncommon and also occurred in ethnic/racial groups in a pattern that parallels the cancer risk in those groups.     

Staging and treatment of clinically occult breast cancer

Five hundred fifty-seven biopsies were performed for clinically occult mammary lesions, detected by mammography as clustered calcifications or nonpalpable masses within the breast. One hundred seventy-five cancers were demonstrated within this group, including 106 invasive carcinomas, 10 microinvasive carcinomas, 45 in situ ductal carcinomas, and 14 lobular carcinomas in situ (lobular neoplasia). No patient with in situ or microinvasive carcinoma had evidence of axillary node metastases in 33 specimens studied. However, a disturbingly high proportion of those patients with invasive carcinomas, approximately 35%, had histologically confirmed axillary node metastases, despite the small size of the primary tumors. These observations suggest that the use of the term "minimal" cancer is misleading when applied to invasive carcinoma. Staging systems for breast cancer have been imprecise when referring to nonpalpable lesions. Cancers detected as clustered calcifications only or as areas of parenchymal distortion without an accompanying mass are properly considered as T-0 cancers, with a suggested T-0(m) to indicate that the lesion was detected by mammography. However, when the mammogram indicates the presence of a mass that proves to be malignant, although the clinical examination may have been negative, the cancer should be staged according to the size of the mass on the mammogram, with the notation that it was detected by mammography, e.g., T-1(m), T-2(m), etc. The incidence of axillary node metastases even in these so-called occult cancers is significant, so that recommendations for treatment for any invasive cancer, regardless of its size, must take these observations into account. Similarly, the incidence of multifocal sites of cancer within the breast, even in the noninvasive cancers encountered, must be remembered when treatment is suggested.     

Differentiation between Cancerous and Normal Hyperplastic Lobules in Breast Lesions

Determining the risk that a particular area of hyperplastic breast tissue will progress to cancer is difficult and is currently expressed only as a general risk factor within the population. Using an antibody against the apoptotic purinergic receptor P2X7, we examined 40 cases each of the following histological categories: normal, moderate, florid and atypical hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive lobular and invasive ductal carcinoma. These were previously diagnosed by H&E and supplied by clinical laboratories as tissue sections. Normal and mildly hyperplastic epithelium was devoid of the cytolytic P2X7 receptors whereas all epithelial cells in all cases of in situ or invasive lobular or ductal carcinoma labelled intensely. The lobular and ductal in situ cases labelled intracellularly while the invasive epithelial cancer cells showed intense cell surface label indicating an attempt was being made to induce apoptosis. All these receptors however are non-functional and thus unable to induce apoptosis. Approximately 10% of all hyperplastic lobules examined in the biopsied tissue, regardless of H&E classification, labelled for P2X7, which is suggestive of early metabolic cancerous change. The acini within lobules were either completely labelled with P2X7 or were completely devoid of the receptor. A potential advantage of this method lies in identifying early cancerous change in hyperplastic lobules and in establishing the true extent of cancerous spread in infiltrating lesions, thus facilitating the task of reporting clear surgical margins.     

Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (Protocol No. 4). XI. Bilateral breast cancer

Sixty-six confirmed instances of clinically metachronous second breast cancers were encountered over a 10-year period in 1578 women with invasive breast cancer enrolled in Protocol 4 of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP). Seven of the second cancers were in situ, yielding an incidence of 3.7% invasive and 0.5% noninvasive cancers. Except for a peak of 1.75% in the second postoperative year, the annual incidence based on patients at risk was constant and less than 1%. Ninety-three percent of the second cancers occurred within 7 years and 80% within 5 years following mastectomy for the initial primary. All of the second cancers were regarded as being primarily of mammary origin exhibiting either: (1) an in situ component; (2) dissimilar but well-recognized patterns of primary breast cancers; or (3) the appearance of scar cancer, a recently described morphologic feature characteristically observed in some primary breast cancers. A search for factors that might be predictive of bilaterality was performed. Thirty-eight pathologic and eight clinical factors were assessed, including family history. Although the latter was 1.5 to 2 times more frequent in patients with bilateral disease, this estimate was not statistically significant. On the other hand, a statistically significant association with bilateral disease was found when the initial tumor measured more than 2.0 cm, was associated with invasive cancer or proliferative fibrocystic disease, nipple involvement, absent nodal sinus histiocytosis, lobular carcinoma in situ in the vicinity of the dominant mass, or was of the lobular invasive or tubular types. However, the degree of risk of these discriminants was no greater than 2 to 3:1. Despite the clinical scrutiny imposed by the NSABP protocol second tumors measured only 1 cm less than the first, measuring on average 2.4 cm, which reflects the difficulty attendant on the clinical detection of so-called early breast cancers. Yet, no significant difference in pathologic nodal status was noted between the first and second cancers or that of patients with unilateral disease. Furthermore, there was no difference in survival rate between patients who developed a second cancer and those with unilateral disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Similar long-term results of breast-conservation treatment for Stage I and II invasive lobular carcinoma compared with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: The University of Pennsylvania experience

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to determine the long-term results of breast-conservation treatment in women with early-stage, invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. METHODS: Between 1977 and 1995, 1093 women with Stage I and II invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and 55 women with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast underwent lumpectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and radiation treatment. Overall, 49% of the women received adjuvant systemic therapy (chemotherapy and/or hormones). RESULTS: The median age was 52 years for patients in the invasive ductal group and 54 years for patients in the invasive lobular group. The median follow-up was 8.7 years and 10.2 years for patients in the invasive ductal and invasive lobular groups, respectively. A comparison of patients who had invasive lobular carcinoma with patients who had invasive ductal carcinoma showed no difference in the 10-year actuarial rates of overall survival (85% vs. 79%, respectively; P = 0.73), cause-specific survival (93% vs. 84%, respectively; P = 0.85), or freedom from distant metastases (81% vs. 80%, respectively; P = 0.76). The 10-year rates of local failure were 18% for patients with invasive lobular carcinoma and 12% for patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (P = 0.24), and the 10-year rates of contralateral breast carcinoma development for the 2 groups were 12% and 8%, respectively (P = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: Breast-conservation treatment yielded similar long-term results for women with early-stage, invasive lobular carcinoma and women with the more prevalent invasive ductal carcinoma.     

Twist和E-cadherin蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨Twist和E-cadherin蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌和浸润性小叶癌组织中的表达及与临床病理参数之间的关系.方法采用免疫组化方法检测53例乳腺浸润性导管癌和41例乳腺浸润性小叶癌组织中Twist和E-cadherin蛋白的表达.结果在乳腺浸润性导管癌和浸润性小叶癌组织中,Twist蛋白的阳性率分别为39.62...