Traditional and Modern Biomedical Prospecting: Part II-the Benefits: Approaches for a Sustainable Exploitation of Biodiversity (Secondary Metabolites and Biomaterials from Sponges) |
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| Authors: | Müller Werner E G Schröder Heinz C Wiens Matthias Perović-Ottstadt Sanja Batel Renato Müller Isabel M |
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| Affiliation: | Werner E.G. Müller, Heinz C. Schröder, Matthias Wiens, Sanja Perović-Ottstadt, Renato Batel, and Isabel M. Müller |
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| Abstract: | The progress in molecular and cell biology has enabled a rationalexploitation of the natural resources of the secondary metabolitesand biomaterials from sponges (phylum Porifera). It could beestablished that these natural substances are superior for biomedicalapplication to those obtained by the traditional combinatorialchemical approach. It is now established that the basic structuraland functional elements are highly conserved from sponges tothe crown taxa within the Protostomia (Drosophila melanogasterand Caenorhabditis elegans) and Deuterostomia (human); therefore,it is obvious that the molecular etiology of diseases withinthe metazoan animals have a common basis. Hence, the major challengefor scientists studying natural product chemistry is to elucidatethe target(s) of a given secondary metabolite, which is perse highly active and selective. After this step, the potentialclinical application can be approached. The potential valueof some selected secondary metabolites, all obtained from spongesand their associated microorganisms, is highlighted. Examplesof compounds that are already in medical use (inhibition oftumor/virus growth [arabinofuranosyl cytosine and arabinofuranosyladenine]), or are being considered as lead structures (actingas cytostatic and anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites [avarol/avarone],causing induction of apoptosis [sorbicillactone]) or as prototypesfor the interference with metabolic pathways common in organismsranging from sponges to humans (modulation of pathways activatedby fungal components [aeroplysinin], inhibition of angiogenesis[2-methylthio-1,4-napthoquinone], immune modulating activity[FK506]) are discussed in this study. In addition, bioactiveproteins from sponges are listed (antibacterial activity [pore-formingprotein and tachylectin]). Finally, it is outlined that theskeletal elementsthe spiculesserve as blueprintsfor new biomaterials, especially those based on biosilica, whichmight be applied in biomedicine. These compounds and biomaterialshave been isolated/studied by members of the German Center ofExcellence BIOTECmarin. The goal for the future is to successfullyintroduce some of these compounds in the treatment of humandiseases in order to raise the public awareness on the richnessand diversity of natural products, which should be sustainablyexploited for human benefit. |
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| Keywords: | bioactive compounds - biosilica - evochemistry - natural products - sponges |
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