| 医护人员压力源与应对策略现状分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨燕青,郑宏,王慧燕,柏涌海. 医护人员压力源与应对策略现状分析[J]. 中华全科医学, 2018, 16(6): 983-988. DOI: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.000270 |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨燕青 郑宏 王慧燕 柏涌海 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 上海市浦东新区浦兴社区卫生服务中心中医科, 上海 200129; |
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| 基金项目： | 2014年度国家自然科学基金面上项目(71473261)；上海市中医药领军人才建设项目学术共同体成员培养计划(ZY3-RCPY-1-1001) |
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| 摘 要： | 随着医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式的转变,社会对医疗服务质量的要求不断提高,医护人员面临的职业压力逐渐增大,应对缺乏针对性,导致工作懈怠、医患关系紧张、离职等现象的发生不断增多。本文通过对近期国内相关文献进行检索,综合国内医院各临床科室及社区卫生服务中心的压力源特征进行分析,总结出当今医护人员职业压力的主要特点包括:①急诊科、重症监护室是医护人员压力最为频发且程度最重的科室,由此产生的影响也最大,各临床科室面临压力受到各自科室特性的影响;②护士面临压力表现出的职业倦怠较医生而言更为明显;③医护人员面临时代特征——医疗卫生改革所带来的压力,医护人员随着工作重心变化需要经常调整,缺乏稳定的医疗工作环境。分析医护人员职业压力主要来源包括职业风险、工作负荷、社会环境、医患沟通、认知方面和组织管理等多个方面。进而从改进医院管理模式、加大社会支持力度、制定心理干预方案(包括合理情绪疗法、巴特林小组、正念减压疗法、专家辅导、知识讲座、小组讨论、情景模拟分析、减压瑜伽等多方面),提出积极应对策略,以期解决医护人员因职业压力产生的工作倦怠,提高医护人员的身心健康水平,改善医患关系,减少离职现象,实现医疗服务质量的提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 医护人员 压力源 身心健康 应对策略 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-06-06 |
Analysis of current situation in medical staff stress sources and countermeasures |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Puxing Community Health Center, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200129, China |
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| Abstract: | With the change of medical model to bio psycho social medical model, and the increase of social demand for medical services, the occupational stress faced by medical staff is growing gradually. However, there is lack of targeted coping strategies, this can cause more job burnout, doctor-patient tension, and demission. This article analyzed the stressors of various clinical departments in hospital by searching the recent domestic literature, to summarize the characteristics and causes of occupational stress among medical staffs, including:① emergency departments and intensive care units are the most frequently and most important departments where the pressure created among the medical staff, which have the greatest impact, and the pressure of clinical departments is affected by the characteristics of their respective departments; ② job burnout manifested by nurses was more pronounced than physicians; ③ medical staff are confronted with the characteristics of the times, the pressure from medical and health care reform, they have to adjust frequently when the job focus changes, and they lack a stable medical environment. To analyse the main sources of occupational stress including occupational risk, work load, social environment, doctor-patient communication, cognition and organizational management. And then improve the hospital management model and social support, and develop a psychological intervention program (including rational emotive therapy, Battling group, mindfulness decompression therapy, expert guidance, lectures, group discussions, scenario simulation analysis, decompression yoga, etc). To put forward positive coping strategies, in order to solve the job burnout caused by the pressure of medical staff, to develop a better physical and mental health of doctors and nurses, to improve the relationship between doctors and patients, to reduce demission, and to raise the quality of medical service. |
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