| 北京市重点行业噪声危害调查与分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 李爱华,叶研,胡丽,于贵新,王姿欢,刘丹. 北京市重点行业噪声危害调查与分析[J]. 现代预防医学, 2022, 0(21): 2894-3898. DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202202431 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李爱华 叶研 胡丽 于贵新 王姿欢 刘丹 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所,北京 100013 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 了解北京市印刷和记录媒介复制业、汽车制造业噪声危害的基本情况,为有效预防和控制噪声危害提供科学依据。方法 2021年5—12月,根据《北京市2021年工作场所职业病危害因素监测工作方案》内容,选取印刷和记录媒介复制业、汽车制造业为本次研究对象。收集企业基本信息、防护设施设置及防护用品使用情况等资料,并对作业场所噪声强度进行测量。采用非条件logistic回归对噪声危害的影响因素进行多因素分析。结果 本次研究共纳入143家企业,规模以小型企业为主,占58.0%。66.4%的企业有防噪声设施,60.1%的企业防噪声设施保护效果有效。印刷和记录媒介复制业和汽车制造业超标率分别为12.9%和11.5%。与大型企业比较,中型企业(P=0.001, OR=6.6, 95%CI: 2.5～17.7)、小型企业(P<0.001, OR=47.3, 95%CI: 15.2～147.6)和微型企业(P<0.001, OR=15.0, 95%CI: 4.4～50.7)发生噪声超标的风险更高,且差异均有统计学意义。与印刷和记录媒介复制业比较,汽车制造业发生噪声超标的风险更高,且差异有统计学意义(P=0.001, OR=3.4, 95%CI: 1.6～7.0)。结论 北京市两个重点行业噪声超标率处于相对较低水平,但防控形势依然严峻。应重点加强汽车制造业职业卫生监管力度,加强宣教并设置有效降噪设施。同时加强小、微企业的监督管理,落实用人单位的主体责任,指导其建立和完善控制噪声危害的管理制度,从而有效降低噪声危害对劳动者健康的影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 噪声 职业危害 影响因素 北京 |
Investigation and analysis of noise hazards in key industries,Beijing |
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| LI Ai-hua,YE Yan,HU Li,YU Gui-xin,WANG Zi-huan,LIU Dan. Investigation and analysis of noise hazards in key industries,Beijing[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2022, 0(21): 2894-3898. DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202202431 |
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| Authors: | LI Ai-hua YE Yan HU Li YU Gui-xin WANG Zi-huan LIU Dan |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Occupational Health, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing 100013, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of noise hazards in three key industries in Beijing, and provide data support for effective prevention and control of noise hazards. Methods From May to December 2021, according to the requirements of Beijing 2021 Workplace Occupational Disease Hazard Monitoring Work Plan, two key industries were selected, including printing and recording media reproduction industry, and automobile manufacturing. The basic information of the enterprise, the setting of protective facilities and the use of protective equipment were collected, and the noise intensity of the workplace was measured. Unconditional Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results A total of 143 enterprises were selected in our study. The economic type was dominated by limited liability companies, accounting for 53.8%; the scale was dominated by small enterprises, accounting for 58.0%. 66.4% of enterprises had anti-noise facilities, and 60.1% of enterprises had effective protection against noise. The noise exceed rate of printing and recording media reproduction industry, automobile manufacturing industry and furniture manufacturing industry was 12.9% and 11.5% respectively. Compared with large enterprises, middle enterprises(P=0.001, OR=6.6, 95%CI: 2.5-17.7), small enterprises(P<0.001, OR=47.3, 95%CI: 15.2-147.6)and micro enterprises(P<0.001, OR=15.0, 95%CI: 4.4-50.7)had a higher risk of excessive noise, and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with the printing and recording media reproduction industry, the automobile manufacturing industry had a higher risk of excessive noise, and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.001, OR=3.4, 95%CI: 1.6-7.0). Conclusion The noise exceed rate of the three key industries in Beijing is at a relatively low level in the country, but the prevention and control situation is still grim. The government should focus on strengthening the supervision of occupational health in the automobile manufacturing industry, reinforcing publicity and education, and setting up effective noise reduction facilities. At the same time, the government are supposed to strengthen the supervision and management of small and micro enterprises, implement the main responsibility of employers, and guide them to establish and improve the management system for controlling noise hazards, so as to effectively reduce the impact of noise hazards on the health of workers. |
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| Keywords: | Noise Occupational hazards Influencing factors Beijing |
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