Smoking History Decreases Survival in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mouth: A Retrospective Study with 15 Years of Follow-up |
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| Authors: | Naiara Colares1Deborah Franklin Souza Rodrigues1Milena Oliveira Freitas1Thinali Sousa Dantas1Maria do Perpé tuo Socorro Saldanha Cunha2Fabrí cio Bitu Sousa1, 2Paulo Goberlâ nio de Barros Silva1, 2 |
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| Affiliation: | 1Department of Dentistry, Unichristus, Rua João Adolfo Gurgel 133, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.2Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Ceará Cancer Institute, Rua Papi Júnior, 1222, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. |
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| Abstract: | Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of smoking history on the clinical-pathological,sociodemographic and prognostic characteristics of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with the records of 136 smokers with SCC and68 nonsmokers with oral SCC who were diagnosed and treated at Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital (2000-2014). Data onpatient sex, age, race, education level, tumor location, tumor size, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, treatmenttype, marital status, method of health care access (public or private health systems) and overall survival (15 years) wereanalyzed by the X² test, Mantel-Cox tests and multinomial and Cox logistic regression models (SPSS 20.0, p <0.05).Results: Smoking history was directly associated with male sex (p <0.001), low levels of education (p = 0.001), tumors ofthe mouth and palate (p = 0.001), stage T3/4 tumors (p = 0.014), lymph node metastasis (N+) (p = 0.024), palliativetreatment (p = 0.024) and receiving health care through the public health system (p = 0.006), with education levelbeing the only independently associated factor (p = 0.039). Lower survival was observed in patients who were smokers(p = 0,002), with low levels of education (p = 0.001), who had stage T3/4 tumors (p = 0.004), with N+ (p = 0.021), andhad received palliative treatment (p = 0.002). Age (>65 years old, p = 0.015) and T staging (T3/4, p = 0.033) decreasedthe survival of SCC patients regardless of the other factors. Conclusions: Smoking history had an independent associationwith low education level and a history of alcoholism, and survival was negatively associated with older age and largertumor size, which were more prevalent in smokers. |
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| Keywords: | Survival Analysis survival rate oral neoplasms Squamous Cell Carcinoma smoking |
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