Analysis of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in decomposed skeletal tissues by microwave assisted extraction,microplate solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography‐ mass spectrometry (MAE‐MPSPE‐GCMS) |
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| Authors: | Candice D. Fraser Heather M. Cornthwaite James H. Watterson |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Forensic Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Analysis of decomposed skeletal tissues for dextromethorphan (DXM) and dextrorphan (DXT) using microwave assisted extraction (MAE), microplate solid‐phase extraction (MPSPE) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is described. Rats (n = 3) received 100 mg/kg DXM (i.p.) and were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation roughly 20 min post‐dose. Remains decomposed to skeleton outdoors and vertebral bones were recovered, cleaned, and pulverized. Pulverized bone underwent MAE using methanol as an extraction solvent in a closed microwave system, followed by MPSPE and GC‐MS. Analyte stability under MAE conditions was assessed and found to be stable for at least 60 min irradiation time. The majority (>90%) of each analyte was recovered after 15 min. The MPSPE‐GCMS method was fit to a quadratic response (R2 > 0.99), over the concentration range 10?10 000 ng?mL‐1, with coefficients of variation <20% in triplicate analysis. The MPSPE‐GCMS method displayed a limit of detection of 10 ng?mL‐1 for both analytes. Following MAE for 60 min (80 °C, 1200 W), MPSPE‐GCMS analysis of vertebral bone of DXM‐exposed rats detected both analytes in all samples (DXM: 0.9‐1.5 µg?g‐1; DXT: 0.5‐1.8 µg?g‐1). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Keywords: | forensic toxicology bone microwave assisted extraction dextromethorphan dextrorphan |
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