| 高水平苯乙烯接触加重噪声对听力影响的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 梁永锡,刘新霞,冯简青,周郁潮,潘文娜,刘浩中. 高水平苯乙烯接触加重噪声对听力影响的研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(1): 67. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.01.016 |
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| 作者姓名： | 梁永锡 刘新霞 冯简青 周郁潮 潘文娜 刘浩中 |
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| 作者单位： | 中山市疾病预防控制中心, 广东 中山 528403 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 探讨高水平苯乙烯接触和噪声协同作用对职业人群纯音听力结果的影响。
方法 选择某运动器材企业同时接触高水平苯乙烯和噪声的114名生产工人为观察组，单纯接触噪声的97名工人为对照组。分析研究对象不同苯乙烯接触水平下的听力检查结果。
结果 观察组空气中苯乙烯的时间加权平均浓度为（402.81±52.25）mg/m3，合格率为16.67%；对照组的空气中苯乙烯的时间加权平均浓度为未检出。观察组噪声接触水平的8 h等效声级均值为（87.1±1.1）dB（A），对照组噪声接触水平的8 h等效声级均值为（86.7±1.0）dB（A），两组接触水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组的听力损失检出率为19.2%，对照组的听力结果异常率为8.2%；观察组和对照组的高频平均听阈分别为（28.3±9.0）dB、（25.0±2.7）dB，观察组的高频听力损失检出率高于对照组，而且随着苯乙烯接触浓度（< 213 mg/m3、213~426 mg/m3、>426 mg/m3）递增，高频听力损失检出率分别为6.5%、25.0%、47.6%。
结论 高浓度的苯乙烯增加听力损伤的风险，可能与噪声具有一定的协同作用，影响职业人群的听力神经系统。应把同时接触噪声和高水平苯乙烯的接触人群列为重点健康监护对象，实施以无毒或低毒物质替代苯乙烯和减少噪声接触时间等多种防治措施，保护工人听力系统的健康。
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| 关 键 词： | 苯乙烯 纯音听力 噪声 协同作用 高频听力损失 语频 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-04-09 |
High level styrene exposure aggravated effects of noise on hearing |
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| Abstract: | Objective To explore the synergistic effect of occupational exposure to both high level styrene and noise on pure tone hearing. Methods A total of 114 workers (as study group) who were occupationally exposed to both high concentration styrene and noise and 97 workers (as reference group) who were only exposed to noise in a sports equipment enterprise were studied. The exposure levels of styrene and noise were evaluated and their hearing examination results were analyzed. Results The time weighted average concentration (TWA) of styrene in the air at study group's workplaces was (402.81±52.25) mg/m3 with the complacence rate of 16.67% compared with national OEL. The exposure level of noise (LEX, 8 h) was (87.1±1.1) dB (A) in the study group and (86.7±1.0) dB (A) in the reference group, respectively and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The abnormal rate of hearing loss in the study group was 19.2%, while 8.2% in the reference group. The average high frequency hearing threshold of workers in the study group was (28.3±9.0) dB, while (25.0±2.7) dB in the reference group. The abnormal rate of high frequency hearing loss in the study group was higher than that in the control group. There was a significant trend that higher exposure to styrene higher abnormality of high frequency hearing loss, the abnormality was 6.5%, 25.0%, 47.6% in 3 sub-groups divided according to workers' exposure level of styrene (lower than 213 mg/m3, 213~426 mg/m3, and higher than 426 mg/m3), respectively. Conclusion High concentration of styrene could increase the risk of hearing damage, which may have a certain synergistic effect with noise. In order to protect the health of workers' hearing system, we should replace styrene with non-toxic or low toxic substances and reduce the exposure time of noise. |
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