| 某制鞋企业化学有害因素的职业健康风险分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 张曼宇,彭建梅,马争,陈惠鹏,钟权锦. 某制鞋企业化学有害因素的职业健康风险分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(2): 171-174. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.02.020 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张曼宇 彭建梅 马争 陈惠鹏 钟权锦 |
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| 作者单位： | 东莞市第六人民医院(东莞市职业病防治中心), 广东 东莞 523008 |
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| 基金项目： | 东莞市社会科技发展(重点)项目(2018507150051626)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 了解东莞市某制鞋企业化学有害因素产生的职业健康风险，为制鞋行业职业病危害防控提供科学依据。
方法 于2019年对东莞市某制鞋企业进行职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素检测，根据《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》（GBZ/T 298-2017）采用半定量模型进行职业健康风险评估。
结果 该制鞋企业现有生产人员445人，实行每周工作6 d、每天11 h。该企业存在的17种化学有害因素中，丁酮、三氯乙烯、乙酸甲酯和乙酸乙酯存在超标情况。刷胶、擦拭、水印和补色4个岗位丁酮、二氯甲烷、环己酮、三氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、正庚烷的健康损害风险等级为低风险；补色、刷胶、水印3个岗位丙酮的健康损害风险等级为低风险；擦拭岗位乙酸丁酯、甲醇的健康损害风险等级为低风险。其余物质对各岗位工作人员健康损害的风险等级为可忽略风险。酯类、卤代烃联合接触引起的健康风险等级高于苯系物。刷胶岗位酯类、卤代烃联合接触有中等健康风险，高于其他岗位。
结论 东莞市制鞋企业中化学有害因素可诱发潜在的职业健康风险，企业及职业卫生部门应采取有效的防控措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 制鞋行业 职业健康风险 半定量模型 联合接触 职业病 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-08-26 |
Analysis on occupational health risk caused by chemicals exposure in a shoemaking enterprise |
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| ZHANG Manyu,PENG Jianmei,MA Zheng,CHEN Huipeng,ZHONG Quanjin. Analysis on occupational health risk caused by chemicals exposure in a shoemaking enterprise[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2020, 38(2): 171-174. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.02.020 |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Manyu PENG Jianmei MA Zheng CHEN Huipeng ZHONG Quanjin |
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| Affiliation: | (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Dongguan/Dongguan Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Center,Dongguan,Guangdong 523008,China) |
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| Abstract: | Objective To understand the occupational health risks caused by chemical hazards in a shoe-making enterprise in Dongguan,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in the shoe-making industry.Methods In 2019,an occupational health survey was carried out in this shoe-making enterprise in Dongguan.According to the technical guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemical hazardous factors in workplace(GBZ/T 298-2017),a semi-quantitative model was used for occupational health risk assessment.Results There were 445 employees in this company and the company implemented the working arrangement of 6 days per week and 11 hours per day.There were 17 chemical harmful factors existed in the enterprise,among these the exposure levels of butanone,trichloroethylene,methyl acetate and ethyl acetate were higher than the national standards.The health risk levels caused by exposure to butanone,dichloromethane,cyclohexanone,trichloromethane,trichloroethylene,methyl acetate,ethyl acetate and n-heptane at working positions of gluing,wiping,watermarking and color correction were low.The health risk levels of acetone exposure at working positions of gluing,wiping and watermarking were low.The health risk level of butyl acetate and methanol exposure at wiping position was low.The health risk levels caused by other chemical substances at all positions could be negligible.The health risk caused by combined exposure to both esters and halogenated hydrocarbons was higher than that of benzene series.The combined exposure to esters and halohydrocarbon at the gluing position induced medium health risk,which was higher than that at other positions.Conclusion There were potential occupational health risks caused by chemicals exposure in Dongguan shoemaking enterprises,and effective preventive and control measures should be taken. |
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| Keywords: | shoemaking enterprise occupational health risk semi-quantitative model combined exposure occupational disease |
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