| 办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙倩,胡波,陈胜雄,黄琳,胡浩,廖远朋. 办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(3): 233-237. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.03.005 |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙倩 胡波 陈胜雄 黄琳 胡浩 廖远朋 |
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| 作者单位： | 深圳市职业病防治院, 广东 深圳 518020 |
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| 基金项目： | 深圳市科创委科研项目SZLY2017028 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的分析办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的患病情况及危险因素,为实施健康干预提供理论依据。方法采用方便抽样法将深圳市10家企业中的514名办公室文员列为调查对象,综合北欧国家肌肉骨骼疾病标准调查表(NMQ)、荷兰肌肉骨骼疾病调查表(DMQ)、国内肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷,设计制作调查表,调查办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的年患病率;通过logistic回归分析法分析患病率较高的3个部位(颈部、肩部、腰部)患职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素。结果办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的年患病率为54.12%,依次为颈部(39.4%)、肩部(36.2%)、腰部(30.9%)、背部(18.6%)、膝部(11.5%)、手腕部(10.1%)、髋臀部(8.1%)、踝足部(7.7%)、肘部(4.4%)。logistic回归分析结果显示:颈部不处于自然位置(OR=0.8938,P<0.05)是颈部职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的保护因素;相比男性,女性是肩部职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素(OR=1.1627,P<0.05);经常改变坐姿(OR=0.8903,P<0.01)是腰部患病的保护因素。结论办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率较高,患病部位最高的是颈部,其次是肩部、腰部;工作中人体保持各种不良姿势均会增加身体各关节肌肉骨骼的负担,造成肌肉骨骼损伤。应该采取相应的干预措施,降低办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率。
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| 关 键 词： | 职业性肌肉骨骼疾患 办公室文员 危险因素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-14 |
Risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among office clerks |
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| Abstract: | Objective The prevalence and risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal diseases among office clerks was analyzed, in order to provide theoretical basis for health intervention. Methods Totally 10 enterprises in Shenzhen city were selected in convenient sampling way and 514 office clerks in these enterprises were studied. The self-designed questionnaire, comprehensively based on the Nordic countries and musculoskeletal disease questionnaire(NMQ), the Netherlands and musculoskeletal disease questionnaire (DMQ), and musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire in China, were used to survey the prevalence and risk factors of management of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among these office clerks. The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal disorders in three body parts(neck, shoulder and waist)with high incidence. Results The annual prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among office clerks was 54.12%, with the prevalence in each part as neck (39.4%), shoulder (36.2%), waist (30.9%), back (18.6%), knee(11.5%), wrist (10.1%), hip(8.1%), ankle(7.7%) and elbow(4.4%). The logistic regression analysis results showed that the neck in the natural position was a protective factor of neck musculoskeletal disorder(OR = 0.893 8, P < 0.05);females had a higher prevalence of the shoulder musculoskeletal disorder than males (OR = 1.162 7, P < 0.05);frequent change of sitting position was a protective factor for lumbar musculoskeletal disorder(OR = 0.890 3, P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among office clerks in enterprises was high, specifically in the neck, shoulder and waist. Maintaining a variety of unhealthy postures during desk work will increase the body burden of musculoskeletal joints of the body and cause musculoskeletal injury. Appropriate interventions should be taken to reduce occupational musculoskeletal disorders among office clerks. |
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