Vascular adhesion protein‐1 as indicator of breast cancer tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness |
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| Authors: | Yen‐Chang Clark Lai Shu‐Jyuan Chang Joanna Kostoro Aij‐Lie Kwan Chee‐Yin Chai |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;2. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;3. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;4. Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;5. Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;6. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat‐Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Recent studies suggest that vascular adhesion protein‐1 (VAP‐1), a 180‐KDa homodimeric glycoprotein, may be associated with cancer‐related events including tumor cell migration, motility, invasion, or metastasis. Therefore, this study applies VAP‐1 immunohistochemical staining to demonstrate the invasiveness component of the breast cancer. The VAP‐1 staining results were compared in 148 breast cancer cases to identify possible correlations with clinical status, including age, tumor size, tumor grade, TNM stage, lymphatic invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and survival rate. Immunohistochemical staining results showed VAP‐1 negative or weak staining in normal ducts and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but these phenotypes were positively associated with a stiffened VAP‐1 that presented at the invasive front of the lesion. Our data demonstrated that VAP‐1 expression was positively associated with lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis, and patient survival in breast carcinoma. Notably, VAP‐1 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the overall survival (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that VAP‐1 expression was a significant independent prognostic indicator of overall survival in breast carcinoma (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this study suggests that VAP‐1 is linked to progression of tumor invasion and metastasis in breast carcinoma. VAP‐1 is shown to be a biomarker that can be predict invasive potential and clinical outcome in breast cancer. |
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| Keywords: | breast cancer vascular adhesion protein‐1 tumor invasion immunohistochemistry |
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