| 南通市电焊工人高频听力损失及其影响因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 尹仕伟,陆春花,周萍,周志文,高海萍,杨泽云. 南通市电焊工人高频听力损失及其影响因素分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2019, 37(6): 535-538. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2019.06.008 |
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| 作者姓名： | 尹仕伟 陆春花 周萍 周志文 高海萍 杨泽云 |
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| 作者单位： | 南通市疾病预防控制中心, 江苏 南通 226007 |
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| 基金项目： | 江苏省预防医学科研课题Y2015029 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 了解南通市噪声接触电焊工人的听力损失（尤其是高频听力损失）情况，为其防控提供科学依据。
方法 将南通市3 265名噪声接触电焊工人作为研究对象，收集其2017年在岗职业健康检查相关资料，分析其听力损失情况。
结果 3 265名电焊工人的高频听力损失检出率（13.94%）高于语频听力损失检出率（9.40%），差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。左耳各个频率听阈、语频平均听阈和高频平均听阈异常的检出率均高于右耳（P < 0.01）。左耳的500 Hz听阈、2 000 Hz听阈、3 000 Hz听阈、6 000 Hz听阈、语频平均听阈和高频平均听阈均大于右耳（P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果发现:男性发生高频听力损失的危险性高于女性（OR=1.840，P < 0.01）。年龄增加为电焊工人发生高频听力损失的危险因素（OR=1.073，P < 0.01）；相比噪声接触工龄 < 5年组，接触噪声10~年为电焊工人发生高频听力损失的危险因素（OR=1.490，P < 0.01）。
结论 南通市电焊工人左耳的听力损失较右耳严重。企业应降低生产性噪声来源，加强对工人的健康教育，为工人配备合格的个人噪声防护用品，定期进行健康监护，以保护工人的听力。
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| 关 键 词： | 电焊工 噪声 听阈 听力损失 高频 语频 职业性噪声聋 职业病 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-13 |
Analysis of high frequency hearing loss and its influencing factors among welders in Nantong City |
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| Abstract: | Objective To investigate the status of hearing loss, especially the high frequency hearing loss, among noise-exposed welding workers in Nantong City and provide the basis for the prevention and control. Methods The study objects were the noise-exposed welding workers in Nantong City, of whose data on occupational health examination in 2017 were collected and hearing loss were analyzed. Results The rate of high-frequency hearing loss(13.94%)in 3 265 welding workers was significantly higher than that of speech frequency hearing loss(9.40%)(P < 0.01). The rates of decreased hearing threshold, high-frequency and speech frequency, in the left ears were higher than those in the right ears (P < 0.01). The auditory thresholds of left ears in 500 Hz, 2 000 Hz, 3 000 Hz, 6 000 Hz, high-frequency and speech frequency were higher than that of right ears(P < 0.001). The result of logistic regression showed that male workers exposed to noise had a higher risk of high-frequency hearing loss than female workers (OR=1.840, P < 0.01). Age was a risk factor for high-frequency hearing loss (OR=1.073, P < 0.01). The employment time was a risk factor for high-frequency hearing loss and the workers with employment time more than 10 years had higher risk of high frequency hearing loss than that with less than 5 years (OR=1.490, P < 0.01). Conclusion The hearing loss in the left ears of welders in Nantong City was more serious than that in the right ears. The harm of noise to the hearing of welding workers in Nantong City cannot be ignored. Enterprises should reduce the noise level, strengthen the health education of workers, equip workers with qualified personal noise protective equipment, and conduct regular health monitoring to protect workers' hearing. |
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