| 建筑工人下背部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 彭志恒, 杨燕, 李刚, 邵华, 王如刚, 贾宁, 王忠旭, 刘移民. 建筑工人下背部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2022, 26(8): 907-913. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.08.007 |
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| 作者姓名： | 彭志恒 杨燕 李刚 邵华 王如刚 贾宁 王忠旭 刘移民 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.510620 广州，广州市职业病防治院职业卫生评价检测中心;;2.110059 沈阳，辽宁省卫生健康监督中心办公室;;3.255030 淄博，山东省职业病防治院办公室;;4.100013 北京，北京市疾病预防控制中心职业健康体检中心;;5.100050 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业防护与工效学研究室 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定131031109000160004广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目SuiWeihan 〔2019〕 No.1555广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目Guangzhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau 〔2011〕 No.167 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 分析建筑工人下背部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WMSDs)的患病现状和影响因素。方法 选择北京市、辽宁省、山东省和广东省等地共8家建筑公司的453名建筑工人为研究对象，采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》收集研究对象各部位WMSDs的患病情况，应用多因素logistic回归分析模型分析建筑工人下背部WMSDs的影响因素。结果 研究对象WMSDs总患病率为43.7%，其中患病率从高到低排序为下背部24.1%、肩部18.3%、颈部14.6%、上背部12.4%、手腕部12.1%、足踝部6.0%、腿部5.5%、膝部5.1%及肘部5.1%。研究对象的多部位WMSDs患病率为28.9%。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，以初中及以下组为参考组，高中及中专文化程度是建筑工人罹患WMSDs的保护因素(OR=0.390, 95% CI: 0.179~0.849, P=0.018)；长时间蹲或跪姿(OR=1.818, 95% CI: 1.053~3.138, P=0.032)、搬运重物(每次>20 kg)(OR=2.876, 95% CI: 1.629~5.077, P＜0.001)、以不舒服姿势工作(OR=2.619, 95% CI: 1.455~4.714, P=0.001)、下背部长时间保持同一姿势(OR=2.913, 95% CI: 1.640~5.177, P＜0.001)和长时间屈膝(OR=2.958, 95% CI: 1.659~5.274, P＜0.001)是研究对象罹患WMSDs的独立危险因素。结论 建筑工人WMSDs患病风险较高，其中最常见的是下背部WMSDs。其影响因素主要包括个体特征、劳动类型和不良工效学因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 工作相关 肌肉骨骼疾患 下背部 建筑工人 影响因素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-24 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-07-04 |
Influencing factors of lower back work-related musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers |
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| PENG Zhi-heng, YANG Yan, LI Gang, SHAO Hua, WANG Ru-gang, JIA Ning, WANG Zhong-xu, LIU Yi-min. Influencing factors of lower back work-related musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2022, 26(8): 907-913. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.08.007 |
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| Authors: | PENG Zhi-heng YANG Yan LI Gang SHAO Hua WANG Ru-gang JIA Ning WANG Zhong-xu LIU Yi-min |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Occupational Health Evaluation and Testing Center, Guangzhou Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China;;2. Office of Liaoning Provincial Health Supervision Center, Shenyang 110059, China;;3. Office of Shandong Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Zibo 255030, China;;4. Occupational Health Examination Center, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China;;5. Department of Occupational Protection and Ergonomics, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective To investigate the current situation of lower back work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among construction workers and to explore the influencing factors. Methods A total of 453 construction workers from 8 construction companies in Beijing, Liaoning, Shandong and Guangdong provinces were selected as the subjects. The prevalence of WMSDs in different parts of the subjects was collected by the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of WMSDs in the lower back of construction workers. Results The total prevalence of WMSDs was 43.7%. The prevalence rate was 24.1% in the lower back, 18.3% in the shoulder, 14.6% in the neck, 12.4% in the upper back, 12.1% in the wrist, 6.0% in the foot and ankle, and 5.5% in the leg, 5.1% in the knee and 5.1% in the elbow. The prevalence of multisite WMSDs was 28.9%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high school and secondary school education (refer to junior high school and below) (OR=0.390, 95% CI: 0.179-0.849, P=0.018) was a protective factor for WMSDs in construction workers. However, squatting or kneeling for a long time (OR=1.818, 95% CI: 1.053-3.138, P=0.032), carrying heavy objects (each time >20 kg) (OR=2.876, 95% CI: 1.629-5.077, P < 0.001), working in an uncomfortable posture (OR=2.619, 95% CI: 1.455-4.714, P=0.001), holding the same posture for a long time on the lower back (OR=2.913, 95% CI: 1.640-5.177, P < 0.001) and bending the knee for a long time (OR=2.958, 95% CI: 1.659-5.274, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for WMSDs. Conclusions Construction workers are at higher risk of WMSDs, the most common of which is lower back WMSDs. The influencing factors mainly include individual characteristics, labor type and poor ergonomic factors. |
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| Keywords: | Work-related Musculoskeletal disorder Lower back Construction workers Influencing factors |
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