Regenerative immunology: the immunological reaction to biomaterials |
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| Authors: | Paolo Cravedi Samira Farouk Andrea Angeletti Lauren Edgar Riccardo Tamburrini Jerome Duisit Laura Perin Giuseppe Orlando |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, Specialty Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy;3. Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA;4. Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA;5. P?le de Chirurgie Expérimentale (CHEX), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;6. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires St‐Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;7. Division of Urology, GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Regenerative medicine promises to meet two of the most urgent needs of modern organ transplantation, namely immunosuppression‐free transplantation and an inexhaustible source of organs. Ideally, bioengineered organs would be manufactured from a patient's own biomaterials—both cells and the supporting scaffolding materials in which cells would be embedded and allowed to mature to eventually regenerate the organ in question. While some groups are focusing on the feasibility of this approach, few are focusing on the immunogenicity of the scaffolds that are being developed for organ bioengineering purposes. This review will succinctly discuss progress in the understanding of immunological characteristics and behavior of different scaffolds currently under development, with emphasis on the extracellular matrix scaffolds obtained decellularized animal or human organs which seem to provide the ideal template for bioengineering purposes. |
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| Keywords: | B cell extracellular matrix macrophage neutrophil regenerative medicine T cell |
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