| 中国典型区域2017―2020年期间大气重污染的时空特征与演变 |
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| 引用本文： | 褚旸晰, 殷丽娜, 邵盼阳, 胡京南. 中国典型区域2017―2020年期间大气重污染的时空特征与演变[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2021, 25(10): 1133-1138. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.10.004 |
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| 作者姓名： | 褚旸晰 殷丽娜 邵盼阳 胡京南 |
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| 作者单位： | 100012 北京，中国环境科学研究院大气环境研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金41905122O3和PM2.5复合污染协同防控科技攻关预研课题DQGG202001 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 大气重污染(heavy air pollution, HAP)对人体健康存在明显危害。基于2017―2020年重污染的特征，归纳重污染成因，为“十四五”规划期间大气污染治理政策的制定提供科学依据。方法 收集整理2017―2020年全国空气质量监测数据，分析重污染的时空分布特征与演变规律。结果 从空间上看，2017―2020年，全国54.7%的重污染天数分布在重点区域，其中京津冀及周边地区、汾渭平原和长三角地区分别占36.3%、11.1%和7.3%；非重点区域中，乌昌石城市群重污染天数较多，占比为8.7%。从时间变化上看，2017―2020年重点区域重污染天数减少49.4%~61.5%，乌昌石城市群重污染天数减少4.6%，较重点区域降幅偏小；细颗粒物(fine particulate matter, PM2.5)重污染多发于11月至次年2月，可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particles, PM10)重污染集中在3―5月和10―11月的季节交替期，臭氧(ozone, O3)重污染发生于5―7月。从污染物上看，各区域PM2.5重污染占全部重污染天数的87.0%~96.0%，其次为PM10和O3，占比分别为3.0%~12.0%和＜3.0%。结论 2017―2020年重污染天数总体减少，但部分地区和城市重污染形势仍比较严峻。应将持续削减秋冬季PM2.5重污染作为大气污染治理重点，加大京津冀及周边地区、汾渭平原、乌昌石城市群治理力度，切实削减污染排放，提升公众健康效益。
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| 关 键 词： | 重污染 细颗粒物 可吸入颗粒物 臭氧 时间变化 空间分布 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-31 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-08-31 |
The spatio-temporal variation of heavy air pollution in typical regions of China from 2017 to 2020 |
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| CHU Yang-xi, YIN Li-na, SHAO Pan-yang, HU Jing-nan. The spatio-temporal variation of heavy air pollution in typical regions of China from 2017 to 2020[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2021, 25(10): 1133-1138. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.10.004 |
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| Authors: | CHU Yang-xi YIN Li-na SHAO Pan-yang HU Jing-nan |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective Heavy air pollution (HAP) is harmful to human health. Based on the characteristics of HAP from 2017 to 2020, we aimed to summarize the cause of HAP and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of air pollution prevention and control policies in "the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period. Methods The national air quality monitoring data during 2017-2020 were collected to analyze the spatio-temporal HAP distribution patterns. Results Spatially, 54.7% of HAP days in China occurred in key regions, including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and surrounding region, Fen-Wei River Plain and Yangtze River Delta, which accounted for 36.3%, 11.1% and 7.3%, respectively. Among non-key regions, the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi City cluster (UCS) accounted for 8.7% of nationwide HAP days. Temporally, HAP days in key regions decreased by 49.4%-61.5% from 2017 to 2020, while those in UCS only decreased by 4.6%, much smaller than in key regions. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) HAP days normally occur from November to February, those due to inhalable particles (PM10) frequently happen from April to May and from October to November, and those due to ozone (O3) mostly take place from May to July. PM2.5 accounted for 87.0%-96.0% of HAP days in the studied regions, followed by PM10 and O3, waking up 3.0%-12.0% and < 3.0%, respectively. Conclusions The number of HAP days from 2017 to 2020 generally decreased. Still, the HAP situation in some regions and cities remains challenging. Continuous reduction of PM2.5 HAP days in autumn and winter should be the focus of air pollution prevention and control, with enhanced measures in BTH and surrounding region, Fen-Wei River Plain and UCS to effectively reduce air pollutant emissions and improve the public health benefits. |
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| Keywords: | Heavy air pollution Fine particulate matter Inhalable particles Ozone Temporal variation Spatial distribution |
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