| 某汽车制造企业噪声作业工人不同频率听力损失影响因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 谢春姣,李燕茹,鲍二宝,刘移民. 某汽车制造企业噪声作业工人不同频率听力损失影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2021, 47(1): 15-19. DOI: 10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.0015 |
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| 作者姓名： | 谢春姣 李燕茹 鲍二宝 刘移民 |
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| 作者单位： | 广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620;广州医科大学职业与环境卫生研究所;广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620;广州医科大学职业与环境卫生研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2020340);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教〔2016〕27号);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函〔2019〕1555号);广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗人社发〔2011〕167号)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 分析广州市某汽车制造企业噪声作业工人不同频率听力损失状况及各频率听力损失影响因素。方法 以2018年1—12月广州市某汽车制造企业至广州市职业病防治院进行职业健康检查的噪声作业工人为研究对象,对其进行纯音听阈测试、噪声接触水平检测及问卷调查,计算累积噪声暴露量,采用单、多因素分析方法对各频率听力损失发生的影响因素进行分析。结果 2 605名噪声作业工人均为汉族男性,年龄为22（20,24）岁,工龄为3（1,4）年,噪声接触强度为83.50（82.10,86.10）dB（A）,累积噪声暴露量为87.97（85.11,90.81）dB（A）·年。听力损失检出率为34.40%（896/2 605）。左、右耳听力损失检出率,左、右耳语频、高频听力损失检出率的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;左、右耳听力损失检出率均随着频率升高而逐渐增加（趋势χ2值分别为1111.38、1237.14,P<0.01）,且均以6.0 kHz最高。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、饮酒与各频率听力损失无显著相关关系（P>0.05）;随着累积噪声暴露量（0.5~6.0 kHz的OR值分别为3.231、4.151、4.809、3.282、2.735、2.069）、年龄（0.5~6.0 kHz的OR值分别为2.167、2.323、2.508、1.776、1.414、1.276）的增加,各频率听力损失风险均逐渐增加（P<0.05）。结论 汽车制造企业噪声作业工人不同频率听力损失以6.0 kHz较为显著,累积噪声暴露量、年龄与各频率听力损失均存在剂量-反应关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 噪声暴露 听力损失 剂量-反应关系 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-04 |
Influencing factors of different frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise |
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| XIE Chun-Jiao,LI Yan-ru,BAO Er-bao,LIU Yi-min. Influencing factors of different frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise[J]. South China JOurnal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 47(1): 15-19. DOI: 10.12183/j.scjpm.2021.0015 |
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| Authors: | XIE Chun-Jiao LI Yan-ru BAO Er-bao LIU Yi-min |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620,China;2. Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guangzhou Medical University |
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| Abstract: | Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of different frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou. Methods Noise-exposed workers from an automobile manufacturer in Guangzhou who underwent occupational health examination in Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital from January to December 2018 were selected as the study subjects. The subjects were examined by pure tone threshold test,noise exposure level test and questionnaire survey,then the cumulative noise exposure was calculated,and the correlation between each factor and the occurrence of different frequency hearing loss was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions.Results All 2 605 noise-exposed workers were male and Han nationality,22(20,24)years old,working for 3(1,4)years,and the noise exposure intensity was 83.50(82.10,86.10)dB(A),cumulative noise exposure was 87.97(85.11,90.81)dB(A)·year.The detection rate of hearing loss was34.40%(896/2 605). There were no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of hearing loss,whisper frequency and high frequency hearing loss between left and right ears(P>0.05).The detection rates of hearing loss in both left and right ears increased with the increase of frequency(trend c2=1 111.38,1 237.14,P<0.01),and the highest detection rate was at 6.0 kHz in both left and right ears.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that no significant correlation between smoking,drinking and hearing loss at all frequencies(P>0.05).With the increase of cumulative noise exposure(OR values of 0.5-6.0 k Hz were 3.231,4.151,4.809,3.282,2.735,2.069,respectively)or age(OR values of 0.5-6.0 kHz were 2.167,2.323,2.508,1.776,1.414,1.276,respectively),the detection rate of hearing loss of each frequency gradually increased(P<0.05).Conclusion The hearing loss of noise-exposed workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises with different frequencies is more significant at 6.0 kHz,and there is a dose-response relationship between cumulative noise exposure,age and hearing loss at each frequency. |
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| Keywords: | Noise exposure Hearing loss Dose-response relationship |
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