Patterns of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating second‐line therapy after metformin monotherapy: Retrospective data for 10 256 individuals from the United Kingdom and Germany |
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| Authors: | Kamlesh Khunti MD PhD Thomas R. Godec MSc Jesús Medina PhD Laura Garcia‐Alvarez PhD Josh Hiller MBA Marilia B. Gomes MD PhD Javier Cid‐Ruzafa MD DrPH Bernard Charbonnel MD Peter Fenici MD PhD Niklas Hammar PhD Kiyoshi Hashigami MD Mikhail Kosiborod MD Antonio Nicolucci MD Marina V. Shestakova MD PhD Linong Ji MD Stuart Pocock MSc PhD |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Leicester, Leicester, UK;2. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;3. AstraZeneca, Madrid, Spain;4. QuintilesIMS Health, Barcelona, Spain;5. QuintilesIMS Health, London, UK;6. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;7. Evidera, Barcelona, Spain;8. University of Nantes, Nantes, France;9. AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK;10. AstraZeneca Gothenburg, M?lndal, Sweden;11. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;12. AstraZeneca, Tokyo, Japan;13. Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri;14. University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri;15. Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy;16. Endocrinology Research Centre, Diabetes Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation;17. I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation;18. Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | Aim To investigate determinants of change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at 6 months after initiating uninterrupted second‐line glucose‐lowering therapies. Materials and Methods This cohort study utilized retrospective data from 10 256 patients with T2DM who initiated second‐line glucose‐lowering therapy (switch from or add‐on to metformin) between 2011 and 2014 in Germany and the UK. Effects of pre‐specified patient characteristics on 6‐month HbA1c changes were assessed using analysis of covariance. Results Patients had a mean (standard error [SE]) baseline HbA1c of 8.68% (0.02); 28.5% of patients discontinued metformin and switched to an alternative therapy and the remainder initiated add‐on therapy. Mean (SE) unadjusted 6‐month HbA1c change was ?1.27% (0.02). When adjusted for baseline HbA1c, 6‐month changes depended markedly on the magnitude of the baseline HbA1c (HbA1c <9%, ?0.45% per unit increase in HbA1c; HbA1c ≥9%, ?0.87% per unit increase in HbA1c). Adjusted mean 6‐month HbA1c reductions showed slight treatment differences (range, 0.92–1.09%; P < .001). Greater reductions in HbA1c were associated with second‐line treatment initiation within 6 months of T2DM diagnosis (1.36% vs 1.03% [P < .001]) and advanced age (≥70 years, 1.13%; <70 years, 1.02% [P < .001]). Conclusions Many patients with T2DM have very high HbA1c levels when initiating second‐line therapy, indicating the need for earlier treatment intensification. Patient‐specific factors merit consideration when making treatment decisions. |
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| Keywords: | glycaemic control observational study primary care type 2 diabetes |
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