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| 空巢与非空巢老人失能状况及影响因素研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 李咪咪,张持晨,赵慧宁,郑晓,陆姣,常韵琪,蔡圆. 空巢与非空巢老人失能状况及影响因素研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2019, 22(16): 1949-1953. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.243 |
| 作者姓名： | 李咪咪 张持晨 赵慧宁 郑晓 陆姣 常韵琪 蔡圆 |
| 作者单位： | 1.030001山西省太原市，山西医科大学管理学院 2.030001山西省太原市，山西医科大学管理学院 卫生管理与政策研究 中心 3.310058浙江省杭州市，浙江大学医学院 4.030001山西省太原市，山西医科大学公共卫生学院 *通信作者：张持晨，副教授；E-mail：zhangchichen@sina.com |
| 基金项目： | 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（71874104，71403155）；山西省软科学研究计划项目（2017041039-2）；山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目（2017-062）；山西省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目（201801019） |
| 摘 要： | 背景 残疾问题不仅影响老年人自身的生活质量和身心健康，而且给家庭和社会带来沉重负担。空巢与非空巢老人在心理健康和社会支持等多方面存在差异，因此，预测其在失能状况方面可能也存在差异。目的 研究我国空巢与非空巢老人失能状况及影响因素，为把握老年人养老需求、实现健康老龄化提供可鉴之据。方法 2017年10月，从2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）全国追访调查数据中，选取≥60岁的空巢老人2 023人和非空巢老人2 141人，运用日常生活活动能力（ADL）量表进行失能判定。采用二分类Logistic回归分析空巢老人和非空巢老人失能的影响因素。结果 与非空巢老人相比，空巢老人大多配偶健在、喜饮酒、有更高的文化程度且分布在东/中部、城镇地区（P<0.05）。空巢老人总失能率为8.1%，非空巢老人为8.9%，两者比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。年龄、自评健康状况、心理健康状况（沮丧）是空巢和非空巢老人失能的共同影响因素（P<0.05），睡眠障碍和饮酒情况是空巢老人失能的影响因素（P<0.05），性别、慢性病患病种数则是非空巢老人失能的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 空巢老人与非空巢老人失能率无差异，但影响因素却不尽相同。在对老年人采取综合干预措施的同时，还应针对其是否空巢采取有针对性的预防措施。 |
| 关 键 词： | 老年人 老年人保健服务 失能 空巢 日常生活活动能力 影响因素分析 |
Disability Status and Its Influencing Factors among Empty Nesters and Non-empty Nesters in China |
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| LI Mimi,ZHANG Chichen,ZHAO Huining,ZHENG Xiao,LU Jiao,CHANG Yunqi,CAI Yuan. Disability Status and Its Influencing Factors among Empty Nesters and Non-empty Nesters in China[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2019, 22(16): 1949-1953. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.243 | |
| Authors: | LI Mimi ZHANG Chichen ZHAO Huining ZHENG Xiao LU Jiao CHANG Yunqi CAI Yuan |
| Affiliation: | 1.School of Management，Shanxi Medical University，Taiyuan 030001，China 2.School of Management/Center for Health Management and Policy Research，Shanxi Medical University，Taiyuan 030001，China 3.Zhejiang University School of Medicine，Hangzhou 310058，China 4.School of Public Health，Shanxi Medical University，Taiyuan 030001，China *Corresponding author：ZHANG Chichen，Associate professor；E-mail：zhangchichen@sina.com |
| Abstract: | Background The problem of disability not only affects the quality of life and physical and mental health of the elderly，but also puts tremendous pressure and burden on the family and society.There are differences between empty nesters and non-empty nesters in mental health and social support，so there is a reason to speculate that there may be differences in disability status between them.Objective To get a general idea of disability status and its influencing factors between the empty nesters and non-empty nesters in China and provide references for the recognition of the elderly health care needs to achieve the healthy aging.Methods The data of 2 023 empty nesters and 2 141 non-empty nesters aged 60 and older were picked out from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（CHARLS）of 2015 in October 2017.The Activities of Daily Living（ADL）scale was used to conduct disability assessments.Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the disability in empty nesters and non-empty nesters.Results Compared with non-empty nesters，most of empty nesters whose spouses were still living enjoyed drinking with a higher education level，and lived in the eastern and central urban areas of China（P<0.05）．The total disability rate of empty nesters was 8.1%，and that of non-empty nesters was 8.9%．There was no statistical difference（P>0.05）.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the common influencing factors between empty nesters and non-empty nesters included age，self-rated health status，mental health（frustration）（P<0.05）．The influencing factors of empty nesters included sleep disorders and drinking，while sex and the number of chronic diseases were the influencing factors of non-empty nesters（P<0.05）．Conclusion The incidence of disability in empty nesters is similar to that in non-empty nesters，but the factors affecting their disability are different.While taking comprehensive interventions for the elderly，targeted prevention measures should be taken respectively for empty nesters and non-empty nesters. |
| Keywords: | Aged Health services for the aged Disability Empty nesters Activities of daily living Root cause analysis |
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