缺血性脑血管病颈动脉粥样硬化相关危险因素分析

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病颈动脉粥样硬化(carotid atherosclerosis,CAS)的相关危险因素。方法缺血性脑血管病患者342例,其中262例CAS患者根据CAS程度分为内膜轻度增厚组118例(A组)和中重度增厚组(B组)144例,同时将CAS斑块患者分为低回声块组(C组)、混合及高回声斑块组(D组),同期住院无CAS患者为对照组80例,分析CAS血管内膜增厚程度、斑块类型与年龄、性别、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、年龄、性别、抽烟、饮酒、血脂、尿酸、血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)等各指标间的关系;结果 A组的糖尿病比率与对照组比较明显增高(P<0.05),B组的年龄、糖尿病比率与对照组、A组比较明显增高(P<0.05),D组的年龄较C组、对照组明显增高(P<0.01);A组与B组的男性、高血压、抽烟、饮酒比率较对照组明显增高(P<0.05),B组的男性、高血压、抽烟、饮酒比率较A组无显著性差异(P>0.05);对照组、A组、B组三组比较冠心病比率无显著性差异(P>0.05);对照组、A组、B组三组比较血脂、尿酸、血浆同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原无显著性差异(P>0.05),对照组、C组、D组三组比较血脂、尿酸、Hcy、Fib无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论年龄、性别、糖尿病、高血压病、抽烟、饮酒是CAS的主要危险因素,随着年龄增加给予合理干预颈动脉粥样硬化斑块可能会趋于稳定。

Analysis of the risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis in ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Objective To explore the risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis.Methods Totally 342 patients of ischemic cerebrovascular disease were included.According to the degree of carotid atherosclerosis,the patients were divided into mild thickening of the tunica intima(group A,n=118) and heavy thickening(group B,n=144) in carotid atherosclerosis patients.The patients in the plaque(+) group were divided into low-echo group(group C),mixed echo group and high echo plaque group(group D).The relationship between normal controls(n=80) and the trial group in the degree of intimal thickening of carotid atherosclerosis,the type of plaque and age,sex,diabetes mellitus,hypertensive disease,smoking,drinking,lipoidosis,uric acid in the blood,homocysteine(Hcy),fibrinogen,etc was analyzed.Results The rate of diabetes mellitus in group A was significantly higher than that in the normal controls(P<0.05).The rate of age,diabetes mellitus in group B was significantly higher than in the normal controls and group A(P<0.05).The age in group D was significantly higher than in the normal controls and group C(P<0.01).The rate of male,hypertensive disease,smoking,drinking in group A and group B,was significantly higher than that in the normal controls(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in male,hypertensive disease,cardiovascular disease,smoking,drinking in group A and group B(P>0.05).No significant difference of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in the normal controls,group A and group B(P>0.05).No significant difference on lipoidosis,serum uric acid,homocysteine(Hcy),fibrinogen in the normal control,group A and group B(P>0.05).No significant difference of lipoidosis,serum uric acid,homocysteine(Hcy),fibrinogen in the normal controls,group C and group D(P>0.05).Conclusion The age,sex,hypertensive disease,diabetes mellitus,smoking,drinking are the main risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis.By reasonable interfere with increasing age,carotid atherosclerotic artery plaque may be stabilized.