The influence of endogenous estrogen on high-frequency prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation |
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| Institution: | 1. Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and the Alfred, Melbourne, Australia;2. Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;3. Epworth Clinic, Epworth Healthcare, Camberwell, VIC, Australia;1. Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany;2. Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany;3. Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Kokereiallee 7, Building C84 UNESCO World Heritage, Zeche Zollverein, 45141, Essen, Germany;4. Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr.67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany;5. Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bürkle de la Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany;1. Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy;2. Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy;3. Neurology Unit, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy;4. Parkinson''s Disease Rehabilitation Centre FERB ONLUS S. Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Italy;5. Neurology Unit, Valle Camonica Hospital, Brescia, Italy |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as both therapeutic and experimental tools has grown enormously over the past decade. However, variability in response to rTMS is one challenge that remains to be solved. Estrogen can impact neural plasticity and may also affect plastic changes following rTMS. The present study investigated whether estrogen levels influence the neurophysiological effects of high-frequency (HF) rTMS in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).HypothesisIt was hypothesised that individuals with higher endogenous estrogen would demonstrate greater rTMS-induced changes in cortical reactivity.Methods29 healthy adults (15M/14F) received HF-rTMS over left DLPFC. Females attended two sessions, one during a high-estrogen (HE) phase of the menstrual cycle, another during a low-estrogen (LE) phase. Males attended one session. Estrogen level was verified via blood assay. TMS-EEG was used to probe changes in cortical plasticity and comparisons were made using cluster-based permutation statistics and Bayesian analysis.ResultsIn females, a significant increase in TMS-evoked P60 amplitude, and decrease in N45, N100 and P180 amplitudes was observed during HE. A less pervasive pattern of change was observed during LE. No significant changes in TEPs were seen in males. Between-condition comparisons revealed higher likelihood of the change in N100 and/or P180 being larger in females during HE compared to both females during LE and males.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings indicate that a greater neuroplastic response to prefrontal HF-rTMS is seen in women when estrogen is at its highest compared to men, suggesting that endogenous estrogen levels contribute to variability in response to HF-rTMS. |
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| Keywords: | Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) Hormones Estrogen TMS-EEG Prefrontal cortex |
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