迁移因素与上海外来初中生自尊、抑郁的关系

目的探讨迁移相关因素对上海外来学生自尊、抑郁水平的影响。方法采取整群方便抽样方法抽取上海浦东一所中学初中部612名在校学生作为研究对象,使用自编的一般人口学问卷、迁移因素调查问卷、自尊量表、流调用抑郁自评量表进行问卷调查。结果 （1）25.8%外来学生来沪时间不足3年,3.7%经常感受到歧视,55.0%对上海和老家都表示喜欢,40.5%对未来感到不确定。（2）自豪感、对转学政策的态度与抑郁水平呈负相关（P〈0.01）,转学政策对学习的影响、歧视感受、融入态度与抑郁水平呈正相关（P〈0.01）;自豪感、本地话掌握程度与自尊水平呈正相关（P〈0.01）,融入态度、歧视感受与自尊水平呈负相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。（3）歧视感受、对上海话有自豪感、上海话重要程度、上海话掌握程度进入自尊的回归方程（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;歧视感受、对上海有自豪感、政策影响学习进入抑郁的回归方程（P〈0.01）。结论迁移因素与外来学生自尊、抑郁水平密切相关,歧视感受、对上海的自豪感是预测其自尊、抑郁水平的重要因素。

The influence of migration related factors on self-esteem and depression in junior high school students in Shanghai

Objective To explore the influence of migration related factors on self-esteem and depression in internal migrant students in Shanghai. Methods 612 junior high students in Pudong district in Shanghai were recruited by cluster sampling and were investigated with self-designed demography questionnaire, migration related factors questionnaire, Self-esteem Scale （ SES）, Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale （CES-D）. Results （ 1 ） 25.8% of migrant students have lived in Shanghai for not more than 3 years. 3.7% of them had the feeling of being discriminated. 55.0% of them liked both Shanghai and their hometown. 40.5 % of them were not sure about their future. （2） The severity of depression was significantly negatively correlated with sense of pride and attitude about transfer policy （P 〈 0.01 ）, and it was significantly positively correlated with the effect of transfer policy on studying, perception of being discriminated, geographical identity （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The level of self esteem was significantly positively correlated with sense of pride and acquisition of Shanghai dialect （ P 〈 0.01 ）, while it was significantly negatively correlated with geographical identity （ P 〈 0.05 ） and perception of being discriminated （ P 〈 0.01 ）. （ 3 ） Perception of being discriminated, being pride of Shanghai dialect, importance of Shanghai dialect and acquisition of Shanghai dialect entered the regression equation of self esteem （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. Perception of being discriminated, being pride of Shanghai and the effect of transfer policy on studying entered the regression equation of depression （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Migration related factors have a strong role on the level of self esteem and depression in migrant students. The perception of being discriminated and being pride of Shanghai are main predictors of the self esteem and depression in migrant students in Shanghai.