可逆性后部白质脑病综合征57例临床分析并文献复习

目的 探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床和影像学特征.方法 回顾性分析57例(我院3例,文献54例)RPLS患者的临床资料.结果 本组成人多见,女性比例偏高.继发于先兆子痫/子痫19例(33.3%),高血压病18例(31.6%),肾功不全10例(17.5%),其他原因为红斑狼疮、应用化疗药和细胞毒性药、血管炎、肾病综合征、急性肾小球肾炎.头痛、癫痫发作、意识障碍、视力障碍是RPLS常见四联征,54例伴急性血压升高.影像学表现为大脑后部对称性白质水肿,CT低密度灶,MRIT1低信号,T2和Flair像高信号.50例累及双侧顶枕叶,3例累及单侧枕叶,其他部位受累频率依次为额叶、颞叶、小脑、基底节区、脑干、丘脑、胼胝体.经过治疗,55例患者临床症状、影像学异常迅速恢复.结论 头痛、癫痫、意识障碍、视力障碍是RPLS主要临床表现,血压急性升高是RPLS的重要体征,影像学特征是大脑后部对称性白质水肿,大多数患者经治疗很快恢复.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (RPLS). Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with RPLS were analyzed retrospectively ( 3 patients from our hospital and 54 from reference). Results Among the 57 cases with RPLS,most patients' symptoms occurrenced at adults and females cases were more than males. 19 cases(33.3% ) were secondary to preeclampsia/eclampsia, 18 cases (31.6%) were secondary to hypertension, 10 cases( 17.5% ) were secondary to renal inadequacy,other reasons were lupus erythematosus, application of chemotherapeutics, cytotoxic drug, vasculitis, nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis.The common tetrad are headache, epileptic attack, conscious disturbance and visual disorder. 54 cases were accompanied with acute hypertension. Radiologic findings showed edema predominantly in the posterior cerebral white matter bilaterally,low density in CT, low signal in MRIT1, High signal in T2 and Flair. The bilateral apical and occipital lobe was involved in 50 cases,lateral occipital lobe was involved in 3 cases, other parts are frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cerebellum, basal ganglia,brain stem, thalamus, callosum. The clinical manifestations and imaging lesions of 55 cases were both improved soon after treatment. Conclusions The main clinical manifestations of RPLS are headache, epileptic attack, conscious disturbance and visual disorder. The important physical sign of RPLS is acute hypertension. Radiologic characteristic is edema predominantly in the posterior cerebral white matter bilaterally, and most patients snap back after treatment.

Clinical analysis and review of reference of reversible posterior leukoen cephalopathy syndrome

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (RPLS). Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with RPLS were analyzed retrospectively ( 3 patients from our hospital and 54 from reference). Results Among the 57 cases with RPLS,most patients' symptoms occurrenced at adults and females cases were more than males. 19 cases(33.3% ) were secondary to preeclampsia/eclampsia, 18 cases (31.6%) were secondary to hypertension, 10 cases( 17.5% ) were secondary to renal inadequacy,other reasons were lupus erythematosus, application of chemotherapeutics, cytotoxic drug, vasculitis, nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis.The common tetrad are headache, epileptic attack, conscious disturbance and visual disorder. 54 cases were accompanied with acute hypertension. Radiologic findings showed edema predominantly in the posterior cerebral white matter bilaterally,low density in CT, low signal in MRIT1, High signal in T2 and Flair. The bilateral apical and occipital lobe was involved in 50 cases,lateral occipital lobe was involved in 3 cases, other parts are frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cerebellum, basal ganglia,brain stem, thalamus, callosum. The clinical manifestations and imaging lesions of 55 cases were both improved soon after treatment. Conclusions The main clinical manifestations of RPLS are headache, epileptic attack, conscious disturbance and visual disorder. The important physical sign of RPLS is acute hypertension. Radiologic characteristic is edema predominantly in the posterior cerebral white matter bilaterally, and most patients snap back after treatment.