骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化特征

骨髓间充质干细胞现阶段研究方向主要包括生物学特性、诱导分化和调控机制等内容，对其生物学特性和成骨成脂诱导方面研究比较成熟，在培养分化过程中展示出贴壁性、可塑性、异质性、自我更新能力、快速形成克隆能力、可移植性等生物学特征，贴壁法联合密度梯度离心法在骨髓间充质干细胞的分离、纯化过程中被广泛采用。而在神经诱导方面争议颇多，功能性神经元不仅要具有典型神经元的形态、特异性标记，还要求具有可兴奋性、能和其他神经元形成突触联系、产生突触电位等，所以对于骨髓间充质干细胞是否能诱导出真正具有功能的神经元存在很大分歧。此外，由于其调控机制还有很多未知因素，所以临床应用上仍存在许多安全性问题。

Induction and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract : Present research of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) mainly contains the studies of the characteristics of biology, the induced differentiation, the mechanism of regulation and so on. The research of the characteristics of biology and the osteogenic and adopocitic induction are comparatively mature, showing many biological characteristics such as adherence, plasticity, heterology, self-renewal, rapid clone formation and transplantation. Adherence combined with density gradient centrifugation method is widely used in the isolation and purification of BMSCs. As to neural induction, there are many uncertainties, such as morphous of typical neurons, specific labeling, excitability, synaptic connection with other neurons, synaptic potential, and whether the induction of fully functional neurons from BMSCs is possible. In addition, the research of the regulation mechanism is mostly uncertain, and there are still many safety problems.