纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原膜的组织学评估

摘要 背景：初期使用的胶原、聚乳酸等单组分诱导骨再生膜在诱导成骨的效率方面已逐渐暴露其缺陷，于是以胶原、聚乳酸等可吸收材料为载体，羟基磷灰石、纤维生长因子、骨形成蛋白等为填料的诱导骨再生膜成为国内外研究的重点。 目的：观察纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原膜组织反应对诱导骨再生的适用性。 方法：将聚丙交酯乙交酯膜、胶原膜、纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原膜光滑面和粗糙面分别植入大鼠皮下，于10，20，30， 45 d取出，采用苏木精-伊红染色法，依照纤维包膜定量、定性、界面定性和降解率等进行组织学评分，研究3种膜的组织反应和降解情况。 结果与结论：纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原膜在各个观察时间均有散在的淋巴细胞，但未见明显的巨噬细胞。随着时间的延长，膜逐渐变小，钙化物随着植入时间的延长而增加。胶原膜组织反应轻微，45 d几乎完全降解。聚丙交酯乙交酯膜浸润增多，纤维包裹明显。结果提示纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原膜具有良好的生物相容性和适度的降解性，适合引导骨组织再生的需要。 关键词：引导骨组织再生；纳米羟基磷灰石复合胶原膜；组织学评估；生物降解；聚丙交酯乙交酯 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.42.011

Histological evaluation of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen membranes

Abstract BACKGROUND: Early used guided bone regeneration membrane composed of collagen, polylactic acid and other single components has gradually revealed its defects in the efficiency of osteogenesis, while guided bone regeneration membrane composed of collagen, polylactic acid and other absorbable materials as the carriers, in combination with hydroxyapatite, fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, has become a focus of the study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the absorption and tissue reaction of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) membrane for guided bone regeneration. METHODS: Three kinds of guided bone regeneration membranes (nHAC, polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid, collagen) were implanted under the dorsal skin of the rats, which were respectively sacrificed on 10, 20, 30 and 45 days after implantation. Using hematoxylin-eosin staining, the specimens were assessed histologically for the quantify and quality of tissues surrounding the membranes, interface quality and degradation rate, the tissue reaction and degradation of three kinds of membranes were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were scattered lymphocytes, but no macrophages in nHAC membrane. The surface of nHAC had some crystal calcium phosphates and the area decreased along with the time prolonging. The collagen membrane exhibited slight tissue reaction and completely degraded at 45 days. The polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid membrane infiltration increased and markedly wrapped up with tissues. The nHAC membrane has good biocompatibility and biodegradability in vitro, which meets the criterion of guided bone regeneration.