激素性兔股骨头坏死模型的建立

背景：激素的应用已经成为激素性股骨头缺血坏死发病的首要原因。 目的：拟应用马血清与皮质醇激素联合制备兔股骨头缺血性坏死早期模型，探讨激素性股骨头坏死的发病机制。 方法：新西兰大白兔随机分成3组。激素联合马血清组静脉注射马血清10 mL/kg，3周后再次注射马血清6 mL/kg，再2周后注射甲强龙45 mg/kg，1次/d，连续5 d。激素组注射甲强龙45 mg/kg，1次/d，连续5 d。正常对照组不做任何处理。于激素给予前及激素注射后1，3，7和14 d检测定血胆固醇、三酰甘油水平；于激素注射后第2、4、8周行股骨头MRI和组织病理学检测。 结果与结论：与对照组比较，激素联合马血清组和激素组大白兔血清三酰甘油和总胆固醇分别于激素注射后1 d 和3 d明显高于对照组(P < 0.01)。MRI检测结果显示，激素联合马血清组大白兔股骨头于激素注射后第4周出现坏死信号；激素组第8周出现坏死信号。组织学检测结果显示，激素联合马血清组大白兔于激素注射第4周时股骨头出现骨小梁部分变细、断裂，空骨陷窝增加；第8周骨小梁稀疏、破碎，脂肪细胞增大，空骨陷窝明显增大。激素组病理坏死程度各时段均较激素联合马血清组轻。结果表明，激素联合马血清方法可成功制备股骨头坏死早期模型。

Establishment of rabbit models of corticosteroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head

BACKGROUND: Hormone use has become the primary cause of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH). OBJECTIVE: This study used a combination of injection of horse serum and a large dose of corticosteroid to develop a hormone-induced rabbit model of early avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH), and preliminary discussed the pathogenesis of ANFH. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Methylprednisolone with horse serum group: horse serum (10 mL/kg) was injected. Three weeks later, 6 mL/kg of horse serum was injected. Two weeks later, 45 mg/kg of methylprednisolone was daily injected for 5 consecutive days. Methylprednisolone group: 45 mg/kg of methylprednisolone was daily injected for 5 consecutive days. Control group: no treatment was given. Serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were detected at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days before and after hormone injection. MRI and histopathological detection was done in femoral head at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after hormone injection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum triglyceride and total cholesterol in methylprednisolone with horse serum group and methylprednisolone group were higher than control group at 1 and 3 days after hormone injection (P < 0.01). MRI results displayed abnormal signal in femoral head at 4 weeks in methylprednisolone with horse serum group, but in the methylprednisolone group at 8 weeks. Histological detection results exhibited that at 4 weeks, some trabeculae were broken into fragments, and the empty bone lacunae increased. At 8 weeks, the trabeculae showed thinning and broken. There were large amount of empty bone lacunae with bone cell atrophy and larger fat cells which were fused into bubbles. In methylprednisolone group, the level of necrosis was lighter than methylprednisolone with horse serum group during each period. Results suggest that hormone combined with horse serum can successfully prepare early-stage hormone-induced ANFH.