嗅鞘细胞移植治疗大鼠脑损伤：可行性分析及效果验证

背景：脑损伤是中枢神经系统的一种严重创伤，如何促进脑损伤后的神经再生和功能恢复尤为棘手。嗅鞘细胞有利于神经元存活，并促进轴突再生。 目的：进一步探讨嗅鞘细胞移植治疗大鼠脑损伤的可行性及效果。 方法：健康成年SD雄性大鼠90只，取10只用于制备嗅鞘细胞，剩余80只随机均分为2组，采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉闭塞模型，1周后细胞移植组经颈动脉将2×106个嗅鞘细胞注入脑缺血大鼠体内，模型对照组同法注入等体积无菌生理盐水。采用爬行记分法检测神经功能缺损情况，苏木精-伊红染色检测损伤脑组织病理变化，免疫组化染色法测定损伤脑组织中胶质原纤维酸性蛋白和神经营养因子受体p75的表达。 结果与结论：与模型对照组比较，脑缺血再灌注后1，2，3，4周细胞移植组神经功能缺损评分均明显降低(P < 0.05)；损伤脑组织病理变化减轻，神经细胞变性及坏死数量明显变少，间质水肿较轻。细胞移植组在梗死半球可见大量胶质原纤维酸性蛋白和神经营养因子受体p75阳性细胞，对侧半球及血管内皮细胞处也可见少量分布；模型对照组呈阴性表达。结果进一步验证了嗅鞘细胞移植治疗大鼠缺血性脑损伤是可行有效的。

Local injection treatment of olfactory ensheathing cells, brain injury Experimental Study

BACKGROUND: Brain injury is a serious central nervous system trauma. However, it is difficult to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury. Sheath cells are conducive to neuronal survival and axonal regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To explore feasibility and effect of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on rat brain injury. METHODS: A total of 90 healthy adult male SD rats were selected and 10 were used to prepare olfactory ensheathing cells. The remaining were randomly divided into model control and transplantation groups with 40 animals in each group. Model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established by thread method. At 1 week, 2 × 106 suspension of olfactory sheath cells and an equal volume of sterile saline were injected into two groups, respectively via the carotid artery. Neurological deficits were evaluated by creeping scores; histopathological changes were detected by HE staining, and glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurotrophic factor receptor p75 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model control group, the neurological deficit scores were significantly reduced in the transplantation group compared with the control group at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (P < 0.05); the pathological changes in injured brain tissues were ameliorated, the number of nerve cell degeneration and necrosis was significantly reduced, and edema was attenuated. A great amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurotrophic factor receptor p75 expression was detected in the infarct hemisphere following cell transplantation, and little in the contralateral hemisphere and vascular endothelial cells. Negative expression was detected in the model control group. Results show that the olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation is effective on ischemic brain injury in the rats.